Unabridged Dictionary - Letter R
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R
Race
Race (?), n. [OF. ra\'8bz, L. radix, -icis. See Radix.] A root. "A
race or two of ginger." Shak. Race ginger, ginger in the root, or not
pulverized.
Race
Race, n. [F. race; cf. Pr. & Sp. raza, It. razza; all from OHG. reiza
line, akin to E. write. See Write.]
1. The descendants of a common ancestor; a family, tribe, people, or
nation, believed or presumed to belong to the same stock; a lineage; a
breed.
The whole race of mankind. Shak.
Whence the long race of Alban fathers come. Dryden.
NOTE: &hand; Na turalists an d eh nographers di vide ma nkind in to
several distinct varieties, or races. Cuvier refers them all to
three, Pritchard enumerates seven, Agassiz eight, Pickering
describes eleven. One of the common classifications is that of
Blumenbach, who makes five races: the Caucasian, or white race, to
which belong the greater part of the European nations and those of
Western Asia; the Mongolian, or yellow race, occupying Tartary,
China, Japan, etc.; the Ethiopian, or negro race, occupying most of
Africa (except the north), Australia, Papua, and other Pacific
Islands; the American, or red race, comprising the Indians of North
and South America; and the Malayan, or brown race, which occupies
the islands of the Indian Archipelago, etc. Many recent writers
classify the Malay and American races as branches of the Mongolian.
See Illustration in Appendix.
2. Company; herd; breed.
For do but note a wild and wanton herd, Or race of youthful and
unhandled colts, Fetching mad bounds. Shak
.
3. (Bot.) A variety of such fixed character that it may be propagated
by seed.
4. Peculiar flavor, taste, or strength, as of wine; that quality, or
assemblage of qualities, which indicates origin or kind, as in wine;
hence, characteristic flavor; smack. "A race of heaven." Shak.
Is it [the wine] of the right race ? Massinqer.
5. Hence, characteristic quality or disposition. [Obs.]
And now I give my sensual race the rein. Shak.
Some . . . great race of fancy or judgment. Sir W. Temple.
Syn. -- Lineage; line; family; house; breed; offspring; progeny;
issue.
Race
Race, n. [OE. ras, res, rees, AS. r&aemac;s a rush, running; akin to
Icel. r\'bes course, race. &root;118.]
1. A progress; a course; a movement or progression.
2. Esp., swift progress; rapid course; a running.
The flight of many birds is swifter than the race of any beasts.
Bacon.
3. Hence: The act or process of running in competition; a contest of
speed in any way, as in running, riding, driving, skating, rowing,
sailing; in the plural, usually, a meeting for contests in the running
of horses; as, he attended the races.
The race is not to the swift. Eccl. ix. 11.
I wield the gauntlet, and I run the race. Pope.
4. Competitive action of any kind, especially when prolonged; hence,
career; course of life.
My race of glory run, and race of shame. Milton.
5. A strong or rapid current of water, or the channel or passage for
such a current; a powerful current or heavy sea, sometimes produced by
the meeting of two tides; as, the Portland Race; the Race of Alderney.
6. The current of water that turns a water wheel, or the channel in
which it flows; a mill race.
NOTE: &hand; Th e pa rt of the channel above the wheel is sometimes
called the headrace, the part below, the tailrace.
7. (Mach.) A channel or guide along which a shuttle is driven back and
forth, as in a loom, sewing machine, etc.
Race cloth, a cloth worn by horses in racing, having pockets to hold
the weights prescribed. -- Race course. (a) The path, generally
circular or elliptical, over which a race is run. (b) Same as Race
way, below. -- Race cup, a cup given as a prize to the victor in a
race. -- Race glass, a kind of field glass. -- Race horse. (a) A horse
that runs in competition; specifically, a horse bred or kept for
running races. (b) A breed of horses remarkable for swiftness in
running. (c) (Zo\'94l.) The steamer duck. (d) (Zo\'94l.) A mantis. --
Race knife, a cutting tool with a blade that is hooked at the point,
for marking outlines, on boards or metals, as by a pattern, -- used in
shipbuilding. -- Race saddle, a light saddle used in racing. -- Race
track. Same as Race course (a), above. -- Race way, the canal for the
current that drives a water wheel.
Race
Race, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Raced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Racing (?).]
1. To run swiftly; to contend in a race; as, the animals raced over
the ground; the ships raced from port to port.
2. (Steam Mach.) To run too fast at times, as a marine engine or
screw, when the screw is lifted out of water by the action of a heavy
sea.
Race
Race, v. t.
1. To cause to contend in race; to drive at high speed; as, to race
horses.
2. To run a race with.
Racemate
Ra*ce"mate (?), n. (Chem.) A salt of racemic acid.
Racemation
Rac`e*ma"tion (?), n. [L. racematio a gleaning, fr. racemari to glean,
racemus a cluster of grapes. See Raceme.]
1. A cluster or bunch, as of grapes. Sir T. Browne.
2. Cultivation or gathering of clusters of grapes. [R.]
Raceme
Ra*ceme" (?), n. [L. racemus a bunch of berries, a cluster of grapes.
See Raisin.] (Bot.) A flower cluster with an elongated axis and many
one-flowered lateral pedicels, as in the currant and chokecherry.
Compound raceme, one having the lower pedicels developed into
secondary racemes.
Racemed
Ra*cemed" (?), a. (Bot.) Arranged in a raceme, or in racemes.
Racemic
Ra*ce"mic (?), a. [Cf. F. rac\'82mique. See Raceme.] (Chem.)
Pertaining to, or designating, an acid found in many kinds of grapes.
It is also obtained from tartaric acid, with which it is isomeric, and
from sugar, gum, etc., by oxidation. It is a sour white crystalline
substance, consisting of a combination of dextrorotatory and
levorotatory tartaric acids. Gregory.
Racemiferous
Rac`e*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. racemifer bearing clusters; racemus
cluster + ferre to bear: cf. F. rac\'82mif\'8are.] (Bot.) Bearing
racemes, as the currant.
Racemiform
Ra*cem"i*form (?), a. Having the form of a raceme. Gray.
Racemose
Rac"e*mose` (?), a. [L. racemosus full of clusters.] Resembling a
raceme; growing in the form of a raceme; as, (Bot.) racemose berries
or flowers; (Anat.) the racemose glands, in which the ducts are
branched and clustered like a raceme. Gray.
Racemous
Rac"e*mous (?), a. [Cf. F. rac\'82meux.] See Racemose.
Racemule
Rac"e*mule (?), n. (Bot.) A little raceme.
Racemulose
Ra*cem"u*lose` (?), a. (Bot.) Growing in very small racemes.
Racer
Ra"cer (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, races, or contends in a race; esp., a race
horse.
And bade the nimblest racer seize the prize. Pope.
2. (Zo\'94l.) The common American black snake.
3. (Mil.) One of the circular iron or steel rails on which the chassis
of a heavy gun is turned.
Rach, Rache
Rach, Rache (?), n. [AS.r\'91cc; akin to Icel. rakki.] (Zo\'94l.) A
dog that pursued his prey by scent, as distinguished from the
greyhound.[Obs.]
Rachialgia
Ra"chi*al"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A painful affection of the
spine; especially, Pott's disease; also, formerly, lead colic.
Rachidian
Ra*chid"i*an (?), a. [See Rachis.] (Anat. & Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining
to the rachis; spinal; vertebral. Same as Rhachidian.
Rachilla
Ra*chil"la (?), n. [NL.] Same as Rhachilla.
Rachiodont
Ra"chi*o*dont (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Rhachiodont.
Rachis
Ra"chis (?), n.; pl. E. Rachises (#), L. Rachides (#). [NL., fr. Gr.
[Written also rhachis.]
1. (Anat.) The spine; the vertebral column.
2. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) Same as Rhachis.
Rachitic
Ra*chit"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. rachitique. See Rachitis.] (Med.) Of or
pertaining to rachitis; affected by rachitis; rickety.
Rachitis
Ra*chi"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. [Written also rhachitis.]
1. (Med.) Literally, inflammation of the spine, but commonly applied
to the rickets. See Rickets.
2. (Bot.) A disease which produces abortion in the fruit or seeds.
Henslow.
Rachitome
Ra"chi*tome (?), n. [F., fr. Gr. A dissecting instrument for opening
the spinal canal. [Written also rachiotome.]
Racial
Ra"cial (?), a. Of or pertaining to a race or family of men; as, the
racial complexion.
Racily
Ra"ci*ly (?), adv. In a racy manner.
Raciness
Ra"ci*ness (?), n. The quality of being racy; peculiar and piquant
flavor.
The general characteristics of his [Cobbett's] style were
perspicuity, unequaled and inimitable; . . . a purity always
simple, and raciness often elegant. London Times.
Racing
Ra"cing (?), a. & n. from Race, v. t. & i. Racing crab (Zo\'94l.), an
ocypodian.
Rack
Rack (?), n. Same as Arrack.
Rack
Rack, n. [AS. hracca neck, hinder part of the head; cf. AS. hraca
throat, G. rachen throat, E. retch.] The neck and spine of a fore
quarter of veal or mutton.
Rack
Rack, n. [See Wreck.] A wreck; destruction. [Obs., except in a few
phrases.] Rack and ruin, destruction; utter ruin. [Colloq.] -- To go
to rack, to perish; to be destroyed. [Colloq.] "All goes to rack."
Pepys.
Rack
Rack, n. [Prob. fr. Icel. rek drift, motion, and akin to reka to
drive, and E. wrack, wreck. .] Thin, flying, broken clouds, or any
portion of floating vapor in the sky. Shak.
The winds in the upper region, which move the clouds above, which
we call the rack, . . . pass without noise. Bacon.
And the night rack came rolling up. C. Kingsley.
Rack
Rack, v. i. To fly, as vapor or broken clouds.
Rack
Rack, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Racked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Racking.] [See
Rack that which stretches, or Rock, v.] To amble fast, causing a
rocking or swaying motion of the body; to pace; -- said of a horse.
Fuller.
Rack
Rack, n. A fast amble.
Rack
Rack, v. t. [Cf. OF. vin raqu\'82 squeezed from the dregs of the
grapes.] To draw off from the lees or sediment, as wine.
It is in common practice to draw wine or beer from the lees (which
we call racking), whereby it will clarify much the sooner. Bacon.
Rack vintage, wine cleansed and drawn from the lees. Cowell.
Rack
Rack, n. [Probably fr. D.rek, rekbank, a rack, rekken to stretch; akin
to G. reck, reckbank, a rack, recken to stretch, Dan. r\'91kke, Sw.
r\'84cka, Icel. rekja to spread out, Goth. refrakjan to stretch out;
cf. L. porrigere, Gr. Right, a., Ratch.]
1. An instrument or frame used for stretching, extending, retaining,
or displaying, something. Specifically: (a) An engine of torture,
consisting of a large frame, upon which the body was gradually
stretched until, sometimes, the joints were dislocated; -- formerly
used judicially for extorting confessions from criminals or suspected
persons.
During the troubles of the fifteenth century, a rack was introduced
into the Tower, and was occasionally used under the plea of
political necessity. Macaulay.
(b) An instrument for bending a bow. (c) A grate on which bacon is
laid. (d) A frame or device of various construction for holding, and
preventing the waste of, hay, grain, etc., supplied to beasts. (e) A
frame on which articles are deposited for keeping or arranged for
display; as, a clothes rack; a bottle rack, etc. (f) (Naut.) A piece
or frame of wood, having several sheaves, through which the running
rigging passes; -- called also rack block. Also, a frame to hold shot.
(g) (Mining) A frame or table on which ores are separated or washed.
(h) A frame fitted to a wagon for carrying hay, straw, or grain on the
stalk, or other bulky loads. (i) A distaff.
2. (Mech.) A bar with teeth on its face, or edge, to work with those
of a wheel, pinion, or worm, which is to drive it or be driven by it.
3. That which is extorted; exaction. [Obs.] Sir E. Sandys.
Mangle rack. (Mach.) See under Mangle. n. -- Rack block. (Naut.) See
def. 1 (f), above. -- Rack lashing, a lashing or binding where the
rope is tightened, and held tight by the use of a small stick of wood
twisted around. -- Rack rail (Railroads), a toothed rack, laid as a
rail, to afford a hold for teeth on the driving wheel of locomotive
for climbing steep gradients, as in ascending a mountain. -- Rack saw,
a saw having wide teeth. -- Rack stick, the stick used in a rack
lashing. -- To be on the rack, to suffer torture, physical or mental.
-- To live at rack and manger, to live on the best at another's
expense. [Colloq.] -- To put to the rack, to subject to torture; to
torment.
A fit of the stone puts a kingto the rack, and makes him as
miserable as it does the meanest subject. Sir W. Temple.
Rack
Rack (?), v. t.
1. To extend by the application of force; to stretch or strain;
specifically, to stretch on the rack or wheel; to torture by an engine
which strains the limbs and pulls the joints.
He was racked and miserably tormented. Pope.
2. To torment; to torture; to affect with extreme pain or anguish.
Vaunting aloud but racked with deep despair. Milton.
3. To stretch or strain, in a figurative sense; hence, to harass, or
oppress by extortion.
The landlords there shamefully rack their tenants. Spenser.
They [landlords] rack a Scripture simile beyond the true intent
thereof. Fuller.
Try what my credit can in Venice do; That shall be racked even to
the uttermost. Shak.
4. (Mining) To wash on a rack, as metals or ore.
5. (Naut.) To bind together, as two ropes, with cross turns of yarn,
marline, etc.
To rack one's brains OR wits, to exert them to the utmost for the
purpose of accomplishing something. Syn. -- To torture; torment; rend;
tear.
Rackabones
Rack"a*bones` (?), n. A very lean animal, esp. a horse. [Colloq. U.
S.]
Racker
Rack"er (?), n.
1. One who racks.
2. A horse that has a racking gait.
Racket
Rack"et (?), n. [F. raquette; cf. Sp. raquets, It. racchetta, which is
perhaps for retichetta, and fr. L. rete a net (cf. Reticule); or perh.
from the Arabic; cf. Ar. r\'beha the palm of the hand (used at first
to strike the ball), and OF. rachette, rasquette, carpus, tarsus.]
[Written also racquet.]
1. A thin strip of wood, having the ends brought together, forming a
somewhat elliptical hoop, across which a network of catgut or cord is
stretched. It is furnished with a handle, and is used for catching or
striking a ball in tennis and similar games.
Each one [of the Indians] has a bat curved like a crosier, and
ending in a racket. Bancroft.
2. A variety of the game of tennis played with peculiar long-handled
rackets; -- chiefly in the plural. Chaucer.
3. A snowshoe formed of cords stretched across a long and narrow frame
of light wood. [Canada]
4. A broad wooden shoe or patten for a man horse, to enable him to
step on marshy or soft ground.
Racket court, a court for playing the game of rackets.
Racket
Rack"et, v. t. To strike with, or as with, a racket.
Poor man [is] racketed from one temptation to another. Hewyt.
Racket
Rack"et, n. [Gael. racaid a noise, disturbance.]
1. confused, clattering noise; din; noisy talk or sport.
2. A carouse; any reckless dissipation. [Slang]
Racket
Rack"et, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Racketed; p. pr. & vb. n. Racketing.]
1. To make a confused noise or racket.
2. To engage in noisy sport; to frolic. Sterne.
3. To carouse or engage in dissipation. [Slang]
Racketer
Rack"et*er (?), n. One who makes, or engages in, a racket.
Rackett
Rack"ett (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Mus.) An old wind instrument of
the double bassoon kind, having ventages but not keys.
Racket-tall
Rack"et-tall (?) n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of humming
birds of the genus Steganura, having two of the tail feathers very
long and racket-shaped.
Racket-talled
Rack"et-talled` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having long and spatulate, or
racket-shaped, tail feathers.
Rackety
Rack"et*y (?), a. Making a tumultuous noise.
Racking
Rack"ing, n. (Naut.) Spun yarn used in racking ropes.
Rack-rent
Rack"-rent` (?), n. A rent of the full annual value of the tenement,
or near it; an excessive or unreasonably high rent. Blackstone.
Rack-rent
Rack"-rent`, v. t. To subject to rack-rent, as a farm or tenant.
Rack-renter
Rack"-rent`er (?), n.
1. One who is subjected to playing rack-rent.
2. One who exacts rack-rent.
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Racktail
Rack"tail` (?), n. (Horol.) An arm attached to a swinging notched arc
or rack, to let off the striking mechanism of a repeating clock.
Rackwork
Rack"work` (?), n. Any mechanism having a rack, as a rack and pinion.
Racle
Ra"cle (?), a. See Rakel. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Racleness
Ra"cle*ness, n. See Rakelness. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Raconteur
Ra`con`teur" (?), n. [F.] A relater; a storyteller.
Racoonda
Ra*coon"da (?), n. [From a native name.] (Zo\'94l.) The coypu.
Racovian
Ra*co"vi*an (?), n. [From Racow.] (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect of
Socinians or Unitarians in Poland.
Racquet
Rac"quet (?), n. See Racket.
Racy
Ra"cy (?), a. [Compar. Racier (?); superl. Raciest.] [From Race a
tribe, family.]
1. Having a strong flavor indicating origin; of distinct
characteristic taste; tasting of the soil; hence, fresh; rich.
The racy wine, Late from the mellowing cask restored to light.
Pope.
2. Hence: Exciting to the mental taste by a strong or distinctive
character of thought or language; peculiar and piquant; fresh and
lively.
Our raciest, most idiomatic popular word. M. Arnold.
Burn's English, though not so racy as his Scotch, is generally
correct. H. Coleridge.
The rich and racy humor of a natural converser fresh from the plow.
Prof. Wilson.
Syn. -- Spicy; spirited; lively; smart; piquant. -- Racy, Spicy. Racy
refers primarily to that peculiar flavor which certain wines are
supposed to derive from the soil in which the grapes were grown; and
hence we call a style or production racy when it "smacks of the soil,"
or has an uncommon degree of natural freshness and distinctiveness of
thought and language. Spicy, when applied, has reference to a spirit
and pungency added by art, seasoning the matter like a condiment. It
does not, like racy, suggest native peculiarity. A spicy article in a
magazine; a spicy retort. Racy in conversation; a racy remark.
Rich, racy verses, in which we The soil from which they come,
taste, smell, and see. Cowley.
Rad
Rad (?), obs. imp. & p. p. of Read, Rede. Spenser.
Radde
Rad"de (?), obs. imp. of Read, Rede. Chaucer.
Raddle
Rad"dle (?), n. [Cf. G. r\'84der, r\'84del, sieve, or perhaps E.
reed.]
1. A long, flexible stick, rod, or branch, which is interwoven with
others, between upright posts or stakes, in making a kind of hedge or
fence.
2. A hedge or fence made with raddles; -- called also raddle hedge.
Todd.
3. An instrument consisting of a woodmen bar, with a row of upright
pegs set in it, used by domestic weavers to keep the warp of a proper
width, and prevent tangling when it is wound upon the beam of the
loom.
Raddle
Rad"dle, v. t. To interweave or twist together.
Raddling or working it up like basket work. De Foe.
Raddle
Rad"dle, n. [Cf. Ruddle.] A red pigment used in marking sheep, and in
some mechanical processes; ruddle. "A ruddle of rouge." Thackeray.
Raddle
Rad"dle, v. t. To mark or paint with, or as with, raddle. "Whitened
and raddled old women." Thackeray.
Raddock
Rad"dock (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The ruddock. [Prov. Eng.]
Rade
Rade (?), n. A raid. [Scot.]
Radeau
Ra`deau" (?), n. [F.] A float; a raft.
Three vessels under sail, and one at anchor, above Split Rock, and
behind it the radeau Thunderer. W. Irving.
Radial
Ra"di*al (?), a. [Cf. F. radial. See Radius.] Of or pertaining to a
radius or ray; consisting of, or like, radii or rays; radiated; as,
(Bot.) radial projections; (Zo\'94l.) radial vessels or canals;
(Anat.) the radial artery. Radial symmetry. (Biol.) See under
Symmetry.
Radiale
Ra`di*a"le (?), n.; pl. Radialia (#). [NL. See Radial.]
1. (Anat.) The bone or cartilage of the carpus which articulates with
the radius and corresponds to the scaphoid bone in man.
2. pl. (Zo\'94l.) Radial plates in the calyx of a crinoid.
Radially
Ra"di*al*ly (?), adv. In a radial manner.
Radian
Ra"di*an (?), n. [From Radius.] (Math.) An arc of a circle which is
equal to the radius, or the angle measured by such an arc.
Radiance, Radiancy
Ra"di*ance (?), Ra"di*an*cy (?), n. The quality of being radiant;
brilliancy; effulgence; vivid brightness; as, the radiance of the sun.
Girt with omnipotence, with radiance crowned. Milton.
What radiancy of glory, What light beyond compare ! Neale.
Syn. -- Luster; brilliancy; splendor; glare; glitter.
Radiant
Ra"di*ant (?), a. [L. radians, -antis, p. pr. of radiare to emit rays
or beams, fr. radius ray: cf. F. radiant. See Radius, Ray a divergent
line.]
1. Emitting or proceeding as from a center; [U.S.] rays; radiating;
radiate.
2. Especially, emitting or darting rays of light or heat; issuing in
beams or rays; beaming with brightness; emitting a vivid light or
splendor; as, the radiant sun.
Mark what radiant state she spreads. Milton.
3. Beaming with vivacity and happiness; as, a radiant face.
4. (Her.) Giving off rays; -- said of a bearing; as, the sun radiant;
a crown radiant.
5. (Bot.) Having a raylike appearance, as the large marginal flowers
of certain umbelliferous plants; -- said also of the cluster which has
such marginal flowers.
Radiant energy (Physics), energy given out or transmitted by
radiation, as in the case of light and radiant heat. -- Radiant heat,
proceeding in right lines, or directly from the heated body, after the
manner of light, in distinction from heat conducted or carried by
intervening media. -- Radiant point. (Astron.) See Radiant, n., 3.
Radiant
Ra"di*ant, n.
1. (Opt.) The luminous point or object from which light emanates;
also, a body radiating light brightly.
2. (Geom.) A straight line proceeding from a given point, or fixed
pole, about which it is conceived to revolve.
3. (Astron.) The point in the heavens at which the apparent paths of
shooting stars meet, when traced backward, or whence they appear to
radiate.
Radiantly
Ra"di*ant*ly (?), adv. In a radiant manner; with glittering splendor.
Radiary
Ra"di*a*ry (?), n. [Cf. F. radiaire.] (Zo\'94l.) A radiate. [Obs.]
Radiata
Ra`di*a"ta (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. radiatus, p. p. See Radiate.]
(Zo\'94l.) An extensive artificial group of invertebrates, having all
the parts arranged radially around the vertical axis of the body, and
the various organs repeated symmetrically in each ray or spheromere.
NOTE: &hand; It in cludes the c&oe;lenterates and the echinoderms.
Formerly, the group was supposed to be a natural one, and was
considered one of the grand divisions of the animal kingdom.
Radiate
Ra"di*ate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Radiated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Radiating.] [L. radiatus, p. p. of radiare to furnish with spokes or
rays, to radiate, fr. radius. See Radius, Ray a divergent line.]
1. To emit rays; to be radiant; to shine.
Virtues shine more clear In them [kings], and radiant like the sun
at noon. Howell.
2. To proceed in direct lines from a point or surface; to issue in
rays, as light or heat.
Light radiates from luminous bodies directly to our eyes. Locke.
Radiate
Ra"di*ate, v. t.
1. To emit or send out in direct lines from a point or points; as, to
radiate heat.
2. To enlighten; to illuminate; to shed light or brightness on; to
irradiate. [R.]
Radiate
Ra"di*ate (?), a. [L. radiatus, p. p.]
1. Having rays or parts diverging from a center; radiated; as, a
radiate crystal.
2. (Bot.) Having in a capitulum large ray florets which are unlike the
disk florets, as in the aster, daisy, etc.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Radiata.
Radiate
Ra"di*ate, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Radiata.
Radiated
Ra"di*a`ted (?), a.
1. Emitted, or sent forth, in rays or direct lines; as, radiated heat.
2. Formed of, or arranged like, rays or radii; having parts or
markings diverging, like radii, from a common center or axis; as, a
radiated structure; a radiated group of crystals.
3. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Radiata.
Radiately
Ra"di*ate*ly (?), adv. In a radiate manner; with radiation or
divergence from a center.
Radi-ate-veined
Ra"di-ate-veined` (?), a. (Bot.) Having the principal veins radiating,
or diverging, from the apex of the petiole; -- said of such leaves as
those of the grapevine, most maples, and the castor-oil plant.
Radiatiform
Ra`di*at"i*form (?), a. (Bot.) Having the marginal florets enlarged
and radiating but not ligulate, as in the capitula or heads of the
cornflower, Gray.
Radiation
Ra`di*a"tion (?), n. [L. radiatio: cf. F. radiation.]
1. The act of radiating, or the state of being radiated; emission and
diffusion of rays of light; beamy brightness.
2. The shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like the
diverging rays of light; as, the radiation of heat.
Radiative
Ra"di*a*tive (?), a. Capable of radiating; acting by radiation.
Tyndall.
Radiator
Ra"di*a`tor (?), n. That which radiates or emits rays, whether of
light or heat; especially, that part of a heating apparatus from which
the heat is radiated or diffused; as, a stream radiator.
Radical
Rad"i*cal (?), a. [F., fr. L. radicalis having roots, fr. radix,
-icis, a root. See Radix.]
1. Of or pertaining to the root; proceeding directly from the root.
2. Hence: Of or pertaining to the root or origin; reaching to the
center, to the foundation to the ultimate sources to the principles,
or the like: original; fundamental; thorough-going; unsparing;
extreme; as, radical evils; radical reform; a radical party.
The most determined exertions of that authority, against them, only
showed their radical independence. Burke.
3. (Bot.) (a) Belonging to, or proceeding from, the root of a plant;
as, radical tubers or hairs. (b) Proceeding from a rootlike stem, or
one which does not rise above the ground; as, the radical leaves of
the dandelion and the sidesaddle flower.
4. (Philol.) Relating, or belonging, to the root, or ultimate source
of derivation; as, a radical verbal form.
5. (Math.) Of or pertaining to a radix or root; as, a radical
quantity; a radical sign. See below.
Radical axis of two circles. (Geom.) See under Axis. -- Radical pitch,
the pitch or tone with which the utterance of a syllable begins. Rush.
-- Radical quantity (Alg.), a quantity to which the radical sign is
prefixed; specifically, a quantity which is not a perfect power of the
degree indicated by the radical sign; a surd. -- Radical sign (Math.),
the sign &root; (originally the letter r, the initial of radix, root),
placed before any quantity, denoting that its root is to be extracted;
thus, &root;a, or &root;(a + b). To indicate any other than the square
root, a corresponding figure is placed over the sign; thus
&cuberoot;a, indicates the third or cube root of a. -- Radical stress
(Elocution), force of utterance falling on the initial part of a
syllable or sound. -- Radical vessels (Anat.), minute vessels which
originate in the substance of the tissues. Syn. -- Primitive;
original; natural; underived; fundamental; entire. -- Radical, Entire.
These words are frequently employed as interchangeable in describing
some marked alternation in the condition of things. There is, however,
an obvious difference between them. A radical cure, reform, etc., is
one which goes to the root of the thing in question; and it is entire,
in the sense that, by affecting the root, it affects in a appropriate
degree the entire body nourished by the root; but it may not be entire
in the sense of making a change complete in its nature, as well as in
its extent. Hence, we speak of a radical change; a radical
improvement; radical differences of opinion; while an entire change,
an entire improvement, an entire difference of opinion, might indicate
more than was actually intended. A certain change may be both radical
and entire, in every sense.
Radical
Rad"i*cal (?), n.
1. (Philol.) (a) A primitive word; a radix, root, or simple,
underived, uncompounded word; an etymon. (b) A primitive letter; a
letter that belongs to the radix.
The words we at present make use of, and understand only by common
agreement, assume a new air and life in the understanding, when you
trace them to their radicals, where you find every word strongly
stamped with nature; full of energy, meaning, character, painting,
and poetry. Cleland.
2. (Politics) One who advocates radical changes in government or
social institutions, especially such changes as are intended to level
class inequalities; -- opposed to conservative.
In politics they [the Independents] were, to use phrase of their
own time. "Root-and-Branch men," or, to use the kindred phrase of
our own, Radicals. Macaulay.
3. (Chem.) (a) A characteristic, essential, and fundamental
constituent of any compound; hence, sometimes, an atom.
As a general rule, the metallic atoms are basic radicals, while the
nonmetallic atoms are acid radicals. J. P. Cooke.
(b) Specifically, a group of two or more atoms, not completely
saturated, which are so linked that their union implies certain
properties, and are conveniently regarded as playing the part of a
single atom; a residue; -- called also a compound radical. Cf.
Residue.
4. (Alg.) A radical quantity. See under Radical, a.
An indicated root of a perfect power of the degree indicated is not
a radical but a rational quantity under a radical form. Davies &
Peck (Math. Dict. )
5. (Anat.) A radical vessel. See under Radical, a.
Radicalism
Rad"i*cal*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. radicalisme.] The quality or state of
being radical; specifically, the doctrines or principles of radicals
in politics or social reform.
Radicalism means root work; the uprooting of all falsehoods and
abuses. F. W. Robertson.
Radicality
Rad`i*cal"i*ty (?), n.
1. Germinal principle; source; origination. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
2. Radicalness; relation to root in essential to a root in essential
nature or principle.
Radically
Rad"i*cal*ly (?), adv.
1. In a radical manner; at, or from, the origin or root;
fundamentally; as, a scheme or system radically wrong or defective.
2. Without derivation; primitively; essentially. [R.]
These great orbs thus radically bright. Prior.
Radicalness
Rad"i*cal*ness, n. Quality or state of being radical.
Radicant
Rad"i*cant (?), a. [L. radicans, p. pr.: cf. F. radicant. See
Radicate, a.] (Bot.) Taking root on, or above, the ground; rooting
from the stem, as the trumpet creeper and the ivy.
Radicate
Rad"i*cate (?), a. [L. radicatus, p. p. of radicari to take root, fr.
radix. See Radix.] Radicated.
Radicate
Rad"i*cate (?), v. i. To take root; to become rooted. Evelyn.
Radicate
Rad"i*cate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Radicated (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Radicating.] To cause to take root; to plant deeply and firmly; to
root.
Time should . . . rather confirm and radicate in us the remembrance
of God's goodness. Barrow.
Radicated
Rad"i*ca`ted (?), a. Rooted; specifically: (a) (Bot.) Having roots, or
possessing a well-developed root. (b) (Zo\'94l.) Having rootlike
organs for attachment.
Radication
Rad`i*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. radication.]
1. The process of taking root, or state of being rooted; as, the
radication of habits.
2. (Bot.) The disposition of the roots of a plant.
Radicel
Rad"i*cel (?), n. [Dim. of radix.] (Bot.) A small branch of a root; a
rootlet.
Radiciflorous
Ra*dic`i*flo"rous (?), a. [L. radix, -icis, root + flos, floris, a
flower.] (Bot.) Rhizanthous.
Radiciform
Ra*dic"i*form (?), a. (Bot.) Having the nature or appearance of a
radix or root.
Radicle
Rad"i*cle (?), n. [L. radicula, dim. of radix, -icis, root: cf. F.
radicule. See Radix.] (Bot.) (a) The rudimentary stem of a plant which
supports the cotyledons in the seed, and from which the root is
developed downward; the stem of the embryo; the caulicle. (b) A
rootlet; a radicel.
Radicular
Ra*dic"u*lar (?), a. Of or performance to roots, or the root of a
plant.
Radicule
Rad"i*cule (?), n. A radicle.
Radiculose
Ra*dic"u*lose` (?), a. (Bot.) Producing numerous radicles, or
rootlets.
Radii
Ra"di*i (?), n., pl. of Radius.
Radio-
Ra"di*o- (?). A combining form indicating connection with, or relation
to, a radius or ray; specifically (Anat.), with the radius of the
forearm; as, radio-ulnar, radiomuscular, radiocarpal.
Radio-flagellata
Ra`di*o-flag`el*la"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Radiate, and Flagellata.]
(Zo\'94l.) A group of Protozoa having both flagella and pseudopodia.
Radiograph
Ra"di*o*graph (?), n. [Radio- + -graph.] (Phys.) A picture produced by
the R\'94ntgen rays upon a sensitive surface, photographic or
fluorescent, especially a picture of opaque objects traversed by the
rays.<-- also X-ray photo or X-ray -->
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1184
Radiolaria
Ra`di*o*la"ri*a (?), n. pl. [NL. See Radioli.] (Zo\'94l.) Order of
rhizopods, usually having a siliceous skeleton, or shell, and
sometimes radiating spicules. The pseudopodia project from the body
like rays. It includes the polycystines. See Polycystina.
Radiolarian
Ra`di*o*la"ri*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the
Radiolaria. -- n. One of the Radiolaria.
Radioli
Ra*di"o*li (?), n. pl.; sing. Radiolus (. [NL., dim. of L. radius
radius: cf. L. radiolus a feeble sunbeam.] (Zo\'94l.) The barbs of the
radii of a feather; barbules.
Radiolite
Ra"di*o*lite (?), n. [L. radius ray + -lite: cf. F. radiolithe.]
(Paleon.) A hippurite.
Radiometer
Ra`di*om"e*ter (?), n. [L. radius radius + -meter: cf. F.
radiom\'8atre.]
1. (Naut.) A forestaff.
2. (Physics) An instrument designed for measuring the mechanical
effect of radiant energy.
NOTE: &hand; It co nsists of a number of light discs, blackened on
one side, placed at the ends of extended arms, supported on an a
pivot in an exhausted glass vessel. When exposed to rays of light
or heat, the arms rotate.
Radiomicrometer
Ra`di*o*mi*crom"e*ter (?), n. [Radio- + micrometer.] (Physics) A very
sensitive modification or application of the thermopile, used for
indicating minute changes of radiant heat, or temperature.
Radiophone
Ra"di*o*phone (?), [Radio- + Gr. (Physics) An apparatus for the
production of sound by the action of luminous or thermal rays. It is
essentially the same as the photophone. <-- 2. a telephone using radio
waves -->
Radiophony
Ra`di*oph"o*ny (?), n. (Physics) The art or practice of using the
radiophone.
Radious
Ra"di*ous (?), a. [L. radiosus.]
1. Consisting of rays, and light. [R.] Berkeley.
2. Radiating; radiant. [Obs.] G. Fletcher.
Radish
Rad"ish (?), n. [F. radis; cf. It. radice, Pr. raditz: all fr. L.
radix, -icis, a root, an edible root, especially a radish, akin to E.
wort. See Wort, and cf. Eradicate, Race a root, Radix.] (Bot.) The
pungent fleshy root of a well-known cruciferous plant (Paphanus
sativus); also, the whole plant. Radish fly (Zo\'94l.), a small
two-winged fly (Anthomyia raphani) whose larv\'91 burrow in radishes.
It resembles the onion fly. -- Rat-tailed radish (Bot.), an herb
(Raphanus caudatus) having a long, slender pod, which is sometimes
eaten. -- Wild radish (Bot.), the jointed charlock.
Radius
Ra"di*us (?), n.; pl. L. Radii (#); E. Radiuses (#). [L., a staff,
rod, spoke of a wheel, radius, ray. See Ray a divergent line.]
1. (Geom.) A right line drawn or extending from the center of a circle
to the periphery; the semidiameter of a circle or sphere.
2. (Anat.) The preaxial bone of the forearm, or brachium,
corresponding to the tibia of the hind limb. See Illust. of
Artiodactyla.
NOTE: &hand; Th e ra dius is on th e same side of the limb as the
thumb, or pollex, and in man it so articulated that its lower end
is capable of partial rotation about the ulna.
3. (Bot.) A ray, or outer floret, of the capitulum of such plants as
the sunflower and the daisy. See Ray, 2.
4. pl. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The barbs of a perfect. (b) Radiating organs, or
color-markings, of the radiates.
5. The movable limb of a sextant or other angular instrument. Knight.
Radius bar (Math.), a bar pivoted at one end, about which it swings,
and having its other end attached to a piece which it causes to move
in a circular arc. -- Radius of curvature. See under Curvature.
Radius vector
Ra"di*us vec"tor (?).
1. (Math.) A straight line (or the length of such line) connecting any
point, as of a curve, with a fixed point, or pole, round which the
straight line turns, and to which it serves to refer the successive
points of a curve, in a system of polar co\'94rdinates. See
Co\'94rdinate, n.
2. (Astron.) An ideal straight line joining the center of an
attracting body with that of a body describing an orbit around it, as
a line joining the sun and a planet or comet, or a planet and its
satellite.
Radix
Ra"dix (?), n.; pl. Radices (#), E. Radixes (#). [L. radix, -icis,
root. See Radish.]
1. (Philol.) A primitive, from which spring other words; a radical; a
root; an etymon.
2. (Math.) (a) A number or quantity which is arbitrarily made the
fundamental number of any system; a base. Thus, 10 is the radix, or
base, of the common system of logarithms, and also of the decimal
system of numeration. (b) (Alg.) A finite expression, from which a
series is derived. [R.] Hutton.
3. (Bot.) The root of a plant.
Radula
Rad"u*la (?), n.; pl. Radul\'91 (#). [L., a scraper, fr. radere to
scrape.] (Zo\'94l.) The chitinous ribbon bearing the teeth of
mollusks; -- called also lingual ribbon, and tongue. See Odontophore.
Raduliform
Ra*du"li*form (?), a. [L. radula a scraper + -form.] Rasplike; as,
raduliform teeth.
Raff
Raff (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Raffing.]
[OF. raffer, of German origin; cf. G. raffen; akin to E. rap to
snatch. See Rap, and cf. Riffraff, Rip to tear.] To sweep, snatch,
draw, or huddle together; to take by a promiscuous sweep. [Obs.]
Causes and effects which I thus raff up together. Carew.
Raff
Raff, n.
1. A promiscuous heap; a jumble; a large quantity; lumber; refuse. "A
raff of errors." Barrow.
2. The sweepings of society; the rabble; the mob; -- chiefly used in
the compound or duplicate, riffraff.
3. A low fellow; a churl.
Raff merchant, a dealer in lumber and odd refuse. [Prov. Eng.]
Raffaelesque
Raf`fa*el*esque" (?), a. Raphaelesque.
Raffia
Raf"fi*a (?), n. (Bot.) A fibrous material used for tying plants, said
to come from the leaves of a palm tree of the genus Raphia. J. Smith
(Dict. Econ. Plants).
Raffinose
Raf"fi*nose` (?), n. [F. raffiner to refine.] (Chem.) A colorless
crystalline slightly sweet substance obtained from the molasses of the
sugar beet.
Raffish
Raff"ish (?), a. Resembling, or having the character of, raff, or a
raff; worthless; low.
A sad, raffish, disreputable character. Thackeray.
Raffle
Raf"fle (?), n. [F. rafle; faire rafle to sweep stakes, fr. rafter to
carry or sweep away, rafler tout to sweep stakes; of German origin;
cf. G. raffeln to snatch up, to rake. See Raff, v.]
1. A kind of lottery, in which several persons pay, in shares, the
value of something put up as a stake, and then determine by chance (as
by casting dice) which one of them shall become the sole possessor.
2. A game of dice in which he who threw three alike won all the
stakes. [Obs.] Cotgrave.
Raffle
Raf"fle, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Raffled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Raffling
(?).] To engage in a raffle; as, to raffle for a watch.
Raffle
Raf"fle, v. t. To dispose of by means of a raffle; -- often followed
by off; as, to raffle off a horse.
Raffler
Raf"fler (?), n. One who raffles.
Rafflesia
Raf*fle"si*a (?), n. [NL. Named from its discoverer, Sir S. Raffle.]
(Bot.) A genus of stemless, leafless plants, living parasitically upon
the roots and stems of grapevines in Malaysia. The flowers have a
carrionlike odor, and are very large, in one species (Rafflesia
Arnoldi) having a diameter of two or three feet.
Raft
Raft (?), obs. imp. & p. p. of Reave. Spenser.
Raft
Raft, n. [Originally, a rafter, spar, and fr. Icel. raptr a rafter;
akin to Dan. raft, Prov. G. raff a rafter, spar; cf. OHG. r\'befo,
r\'bevo, a beam, rafter, Icel. r\'bef roof. Cf. Rafter, n.]
1. A collection of logs, boards, pieces of timber, or the like,
fastened, together, either for their own collective conveyance on the
water, or to serve as a support in conveying other things; a float.
2. A collection of logs, fallen trees, etc. (such as is formed in some
Western rivers of the United States), which obstructs navigation.
[U.S.]
3. [Perhaps akin to raff a heap.] A large collection of people or
things taken indiscriminately. [Slang, U. S.] "A whole raft of folks."
W. D. Howells.
Raft bridge. (a) A bridge whose points of support are rafts. (b) A
bridge that consists of floating timbers fastened together. -- Raft
duck. [The name alludes to its swimming in dense flocks.] (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The bluebill, or greater scaup duck; -- called also flock duck.
See Scaup. (b) The redhead. -- Raft port (Naut.), a large, square port
in a vessel's side for loading or unloading timber or other bulky
articles; a timber or lumber port.
Raft
Raft, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rafted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rafting.] To
transport on a raft, or in the form of a raft; to make into a raft;
as, to raft timber.
Rafte
Raf"te (?), obs. imp. of Reave. Chaucer.
Rafter
Raft"er (?), n. A raftsman.
Rafter
Raft"er, n. [AS. r\'91fter; akin to E. raft, n. See Raft.] (Arch.)
Originally, any rough and somewhat heavy piece of timber. Now,
commonly, one of the timbers of a roof which are put on sloping,
according to the inclination of the roof. See Illust. of Queen-post.
[Courtesy] oft is sooner found in lowly sheds, With smoky rafters,
than in tapestry halls. Milton.
Rafter
Raft"er, v. t.
1. To make into rafters, as timber.
2. To furnish with rafters, as a house.
3. (Agric.) To plow so as to turn the grass side of each furrow upon
an unplowed ridge; to ridge. [Eng.]
Rafting
Raft"ing, n. The business of making or managing rafts.
Raftsman
Rafts"man (?), n.; pl. Raftsmen (. A man engaged in rafting.
Rafty
Raf"ty (?), a. [Perhaps akin to G. reif hoarfrost.] Damp; musty.
[Prov. Eng.]
Rag
Rag (?), v. t. [Cf. Icel. r\'91gja to calumniate, OHG, ruogen to
accuse, G. r\'81gen to censure, AS. wr&emac;gan, Goth. wr&omac;hjan to
accuse.] To scold or rail at; to rate; to tease; to torment; to
banter. [Prov. Eng.] Pegge.
Rag
Rag, n. [OE. ragge, probably of Scand, origin; cf. Icel. r\'94gg rough
hair. Cf. Rug, n.]
1. A piece of cloth torn off; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred; a
tatter; a fragment.
Cowls, hoods, and habits, with their wearers, tossed, And fluttered
into rags. Milton.
Not having otherwise any rag of legality to cover the shame of
their cruelty. Fuller.
2. pl. Hence, mean or tattered attire; worn-out dress.
And virtue, though in rags, will keep me warm. Dryden.
3. A shabby, beggarly fellow; a ragamuffin.
The other zealous rag is the compositor. B. Jonson.
Upon the proclamation, they all came in, both tag and rag. Spenser.
4. (Geol.) A coarse kind of rock, somewhat cellular in texture.
5. (Metal Working) A ragged edge.
6. A sail, or any piece of canvas. [Nautical Slang]
Our ship was a clipper with every rag set. Lowell.
Rag bolt, an iron pin with barbs on its shank to retain it in place.
-- Rag carpet, a carpet of which the weft consists of narrow of cloth
sewed together, end to end. -- Rag dust, fine particles of ground-up
rags, used in making papier-mach\'82 and wall papers. -- Rag wheel.
(a) A chain wheel; a sprocket wheel. (b) A polishing wheel made of
disks of cloth clamped together on a mandrel. -- Rag wool, wool
obtained by tearing woolen rags into fine bits, shoddy.
Rag
Rag (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ragged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ragging (?).]
To become tattered. [Obs.]
Rag
Rag, v. t.
1. To break (ore) into lumps for sorting.
2. To cut or dress roughly, as a grindstone.
Ragabash, Ragabrash
Rag"a*bash` (?), Rag"a*brash` (?), n. An idle, ragged person. Nares.
Grose.
Ragamuffin
Rag`a*muf"fin (?), n. [Cf. Ragamofin, the name of a demon in some of
the old mysteries.]
1. A paltry or disreputable fellow; a mean which. Dryden.
2. A person who wears ragged clothing. [Colloq.]
3. (Zo\'94l.) The long-tailed titmouse. [Prov. Eng.]
Rage
Rage (?), n. [F., fr. L. rabies, fr. rabere to rave; cf. Skr. rabh to
seize, rabhas violence. Cf. Rabid, Rabies, Rave.]
1. Violent excitement; eager passion; extreme vehemence of desire,
emotion, or suffering, mastering the will. "In great rage of pain."
Bacon.
He appeased the rage of hunger with some scraps of broken meat.
Macaulay.
Convulsed with a rage of grief. Hawthorne.
2. Especially, anger accompanied with raving; overmastering wrath;
violent anger; fury.
torment, and loud lament, and furious rage. Milton.
3. A violent or raging wind. [Obs.] Chaucer.
4. The subject of eager desire; that which is sought after, or
prosecuted, with unreasonable or excessive passion; as, to be all the
rage. Syn. -- Anger; vehemence; excitement; passion; fury. See Anger.
Rage
Rage, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Raged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Raging (?).] [OF.
ragier. See Rage, n.]
1. To be furious with anger; to be exasperated to fury; to be
violently agitated with passion. "Whereat he inly raged." Milton.
When one so great begins to rage, he a hunted Even to falling.
Shak.
2. To be violent and tumultuous; to be violently driven or agitated;
to act or move furiously; as, the raging sea or winds.
Why do the heathen rage ? Ps. ii. 1.
The madding wheels Of brazen chariots raged; dire was the noise.
Milton.
3. To ravage; to prevail without restraint, or with destruction or
fatal effect; as, the plague raged in Cairo.
4. To toy or act wantonly; to sport. [Obs.] Chaucer. Syn. -- To storm;
fret; chafe; fume.
Rage
Rage, v. t. To enrage. [Obs.] Shak.
Rageful
Rage"ful (?), a. Full of rage; expressing rage. [Obs.] "Rageful eyes."
Sir P. Sidney.
Ragery
Ra"ger*y (?), n. Wantonness. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Ragged
Rag"ged (?), a. [From Rag, n.]
1. Rent or worn into tatters, or till the texture is broken; as, a
ragged coat; a ragged sail.
2. Broken with rough edges; having jags; uneven; rough; jagged; as,
ragged rocks.
3. Hence, harsh and disagreeable to the ear; dissonant. [R.] "A ragged
noise of mirth." Herbert.
4. Wearing tattered clothes; as, a ragged fellow.
5. Rough; shaggy; rugged.
What shepherd owns those ragged sheep ? Dryden.
Ragged lady (Bot.), the fennel flower (Nigella Damascena). -- Ragged
robin (Bot.), a plant of the genus Lychnis (L. Flos-cuculi),
cultivated for its handsome flowers, which have the petals cut into
narrow lobes. -- Ragged sailor (Bot.), prince's feather (Polygonum
orientale). -- Ragged school, a free school for poor children, where
they are taught and in part fed; -- a name given at first because they
came in their common clothing. [Eng.] -- Rag"ged*ly, adv. --
Rag"ged*ness, n.
Raggie, OR Raggy
Rag"gie (?), OR Rag"gy, a. Ragged; rough. [Obs.] "A stony and raggie
hill." Holland.
Raghuvansa
Ragh`u*van"sa (?), n. [Skr. Raguva&msdot;&cced;a.] A celebrated
Sanskrit poem having for its subject the Raghu dynasty.
Raging
Ra"ging (?), a. & n. from Rage, v. i. -- Ra"*ging*ly, adv.
Ragious
Ra"gious (?), a. Raging; furious; rageful. [Obs.] -- Ra"gious*ness, n.
[Obs.]
Raglan
Rag"lan (?), n. A loose overcoat with large sleeves; -- named from
Lord Raglan, an English general.
Ragman
Rag"man (?), n.; pl. Ragmen (. A man who collects, or deals in, rags.
Ragman
Rag"man, n. [See Ragman's roll.] A document having many names or
numerous seals, as a papal bull. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
Ragman's roll
Rag"man's roll` (?). [For ragman roll a long list of names, the
devil's roll or list; where ragman is of Scand. origin; cf. Icel.
ragmenni a craven person, Sw. raggen the devil. Icel. ragmenni is fr.
ragr cowardly (another form of argr, akin to AS. earg cowardly, vile,
G. arg bad) + menni (in comp.) man, akin to E. man. See Roll, and cf.
Rigmarole.] The rolls of deeds on parchment in which the Scottish
nobility and gentry subscribed allegiance to Edward I. of England, A.
D. 1296. [Also written ragman-roll.]
Ragout
Ra*gout" (?), n. [F. rago\'96t, fr. rago\'96ter to restore one's
appetite, fr. L. pref. re- re- + ad to + gustare to taste, gustus
taste. See Gust relish.] A dish made of pieces of meat, stewed, and
highly seasoned; as, a ragout of mutton.
Ragpicker
Rag"pick`er (?), n. One who gets a living by picking up rags and
refuse things in the streets.
Raguled, Ragguled
Ra*guled" (?), Rag*guled" (?), a. [Cf. F. raguer to chafe, fret, rub,
or E. rag.] (Her.) Notched in regular diagonal breaks; -- said of a
line, or a bearing having such an edge.
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Page 1185
Ragweed
Rag"weed (?), n. (Bot.) A common American composite weed (Ambrosia
artemisi\'91folia) with finely divided leaves; hogweed. Great ragweed,
a coarse American herb (Ambrosia trifida), with rough three-lobed
opposite leaves.
Ragwork
Rag"work` (?), n. (Masonry) A kind of rubblework. In the United
States, any rubblework of thin and small stones.
Ragwort
Rag"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A name given to several species of the
composite genus Senecio.
NOTE: &hand; Se necio au reus is th e golden ragwort of the United
States: S. elegans is the purple ragwort of South Africa.
Raia
Ra"ia (?), n. [L., a ray. Cf. Ray the fish.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of
rays which includes the skates. See Skate.
Rai\'91
Ra"i\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL. See Raia.] (Zo\'94l.) The order of
elasmobranch fishes which includes the sawfishes, skates, and rays; --
called also Raj\'91, and Rajii.
Raid
Raid (?), n. [Icel. rei&edh; a riding, raid; akin to E. road. See Road
a way.]
1. A hostile or predatory incursion; an inroad or incursion of mounted
men; a sudden and rapid invasion by a cavalry force; a foray.
Marauding chief! his sole delight. The moonlight raid, the morning
fight. Sir W. Scott.
There are permanent conquests, temporary occupation, and occasional
raids. H. Spenser.
NOTE: &hand; A Sc ottish wo rd wh ich ca me into common use in the
United States during the Civil War, and was soon extended in its
application.
2. An attack or invasion for the purpose of making arrests, seizing
property, or plundering; as, a raid of the police upon a gambling
house; a raid of contractors on the public treasury. [Colloq. U. S.]
Raid
Raid, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raided; p. pr. & vb. n. Raiding.] To make a
raid upon or into; as, two regiments raided the border counties.
Raider
Raid"er (?), n. One who engages in a raid. [U.S.]
Rail
Rail (?), n. [OE. reil, re\'f4el, AS. hr\'91gel, hr\'91gl a garment;
akin to OHG. hregil, OFries. hreil.] An outer cloak or covering; a
neckerchief for women. Fairholt.
Rail
Rail, v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.] To flow forth; to roll out; to
course. [Obs.]
Streams of tears from her fair eyes forth railing. Spenser.
Rail
Rail, n. [Akin to LG. & Sw. regel bar, bolt, G. riegel a rail, bar, or
bolt, OHG, rigil, rigel, bar, bolt, and possibly to E. row a line.]
1. A bar of timber or metal, usually horizontal or nearly so,
extending from one post or support to another, as in fences,
balustrades, staircases, etc.
2. (Arch.) A horizontal piece in a frame or paneling. See Illust. of
Style.
3. (Railroad) A bar of steel or iron, forming part of the track on
which the wheels roll. It is usually shaped with reference to vertical
strength, and is held in place by chairs, splices, etc.
4. (Naut.) (a) The stout, narrow plank that forms the top of the
bulwarks. (b) The light, fencelike structures of wood or metal at the
break of the deck, and elsewhere where such protection is needed.
Rail fence. See under Fence. -- Rail guard. (a) A device attached to
the front of a locomotive on each side for clearing the rail
obstructions. (b) A guard rail. See under Guard. -- Rail joint
(Railroad), a splice connecting the adjacent ends of rails, in
distinction from a chair, which is merely a seat. The two devices are
sometimes united. Among several hundred varieties, the fish joint is
standard. See Fish joint, under Fish. -- Rail train (Iron & Steel
Manuf.), a train of rolls in a rolling mill, for making rails for
railroads from blooms or billets.
Rail
Rail, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Railed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Railing.]
1. To inclose with rails or a railing.
It ought to be fenced in and railed. Ayliffe.
2. To range in a line. [Obs.]
They were brought to London all railed in ropes, like a team of
horses in a cart. Bacon.
Rail
Rail, n. [F. r\'83le, fr. r\'83ler to have a rattling in the throat;
of German origin, and akin to E. rattle. See Rattle, v.] (Zo\'94l.)
Any one of numerous species of limicoline birds of the family
Rallid\'91, especially those of the genus Rallus, and of closely
allied genera. They are prized as game birds.
NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon European water rail (Rallus aquaticus) is
called also bilcock, skitty coot, and brook runner. The best known
American species are the clapper rail, or salt-marsh hen (Rallus
lonqirostris, var. crepitans); the king, or red-breasted, rail (R.
elegans) (called also fresh-water marshhen); the lesser clapper, or
Virginia, rail (R. Virginianus); and the Carolina, or sora, rail
(Porzana Carolina). See Sora.
Land rail (Zo\'94l.), the corncrake.
Rail
Rail, v. i. [F. railler; cf. Sp. rallar to grate, scrape, molest;
perhaps fr. (assumed) LL. radiculare, fr. L. radere to scrape, grate.
Cf. Rally to banter, Rase.] To use insolent and reproachful language;
to utter reproaches; to scoff; followed by at or against, formerly by
on. Shak.
And rail at arts he did not understand. Dryden.
Lesbia forever on me rails. Swift.
Rail
Rail (?), v. t.
1. To rail at. [Obs.] Feltham.
2. To move or influence by railing. [R.]
Rail the seal from off my bond. Shak.
Railer
Rail"er (?), n. One who rails; one who scoffs, insults, censures, or
reproaches with opprobrious language.
Railing
Rail"ing, a. Expressing reproach; insulting.
Angels which are greater in power and might, bring not railing
accusation against them. 2 Pet. ii. 11.
Railing
Rail"ing, n.
1. A barrier made of a rail or of rails.
2. Rails in general; also, material for making rails.
Railingly
Rail"ing*ly, adv. With scoffing or insulting language.
Railery
Rail"er*y (?; 277), n. [F. raillerie, fr. railler. See Rail to scoff.]
Pleasantry or slight satire; banter; jesting language; satirical
merriment.
Let raillery be without malice or heat. B. Jonson.
Studies employed on low objects; the very naming of them is
sufficient to turn them into raillery. Addison.
Railleur
Rail`leur" (?), n. [F.] A banterer; a jester; a mocker. [R.]
Wycherley.
Railroad, Railway
Rail"road` (?), Rail"way` (?), n.
1. A road or way consisting of one or more parallel series of iron or
steel rails, patterned and adjusted to be tracks for the wheels of
vehicles, and suitably supported on a bed or substructure.
NOTE: &hand; The modern railroad is a development and adaptation of
the older tramway.
2. The road, track, etc., with al the lands, buildings, rolling stock,
franchises, etc., pertaining to them and constituting one property;
as, certain railroad has been put into the hands of a receiver.
NOTE: &hand; Ra ilway is the commoner word in England; railroad the
commoner word in the United States.
NOTE: &hand; In th e fo llowing an d si milar phrases railroad and
railway are used interchangeably: --
Atmospheric railway, Elevated railway, etc. See under Atmospheric,
Elevated, etc. -- Cable railway. See Cable road, under Cable. -- Perry
railway, a submerged track on which an elevated platform runs, fro
carrying a train of cars across a water course. -- Gravity railway, a
railway, in a hilly country, on which the cars run by gravity down
gentle slopes for long distances after having been hauled up steep
inclines to an elevated point by stationary engines. -- Railway brake,
a brake used in stopping railway cars or locomotives. -- Railway car,
a large, heavy vehicle with flanged wheels fitted for running on a
railway. [U.S.] -- Railway carriage, a railway passenger car. [Eng.]
-- Railway scale, a platform scale bearing a track which forms part of
the line of a railway, for weighing loaded cars. -- Railway slide. See
Transfer table, under Transfer. -- Railway spine (Med.), an abnormal
condition due to severe concussion of the spinal cord, such as occurs
in railroad accidents. It is characterized by ataxia and other
disturbances of muscular function, sensory disorders, pain in the
back, impairment of general health, and cerebral disturbance, -- the
symptoms often not developing till some months after the injury. --
Underground railroad OR railway. (a) A railroad or railway running
through a tunnel, as beneath the streets of a city. (b) Formerly, a
system of co\'94peration among certain active antislavery people in
the United States, by which fugitive slaves were secretly helped to
reach Canada.
NOTE: [In the latter sense railroad, and not railway, was used.]
"Their house was a principal entrep\'93t of the underground railroad."
W. D. Howells.
Railroading
Rail"road`ing, n. The construction of a railroad; the business of
managing or operating a railroad. [Colloq. U. S.]
Raiment
Rai"ment (?), n. [Abbrev. fr. arraiment. See Array.]
1. Clothing in general; vesture; garments; -- usually singular in
form, with a collective sense.
Living, both food and raiment she supplies. Dryden.
2. An article of dress. [R. or Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.
Rain
Rain (?), n. & v. Reign. [Obs.] Spenser.
Rain
Rain (?), n. [OF. rein, AS. regen; akin to OFries. rein, D. & G.
regen, OS. & OHG. regan, Icel., Dan., & Sw. regn, Goth. rign, and
prob. to L. rigare to water, to wet; cf. Gr. Water falling in drops
from the clouds; the descent of water from the clouds in drops.
Rain is water by the heat of the sun divided into very small parts
ascending in the air, till, encountering the cold, it be condensed
into clouds, and descends in drops. Ray.
Fair days have oft contracted wind and rain. Milton.
NOTE: &hand; Ra in is di stinguished fr om mist by the size of the
drops, which are distinctly visible. When water falls in very small
drops or particles, it is called mist; and fog is composed of
particles so fine as to be not only individually indistinguishable,
but to float or be suspended in the air. See Fog, and Mist.
Rain band (Meteorol.), a dark band in the yellow portion of the solar
spectrum near the sodium line, caused by the presence of watery vapor
in the atmosphere, and hence sometimes used in weather predictions. --
Rain bird (Zo\'94l.), the yaffle, or green woodpecker. [Prov. Eng.]
The name is also applied to various other birds, as to Saurothera
vetula of the West Indies. -- Rain fowl (Zo\'94l.), the channel-bill
cuckoo (Scythrops Nov\'91-Hollandi\'91) of Australia. -- Rain gauge,
an instrument of various forms measuring the quantity of rain that
falls at any given place in a given time; a pluviometer; an
ombrometer. -- Rain goose (Zo\'94l.), the red-throated diver, or loon.
[Prov. Eng.] -- Rain prints (Geol.), markings on the surfaces of
stratified rocks, presenting an appearance similar to those made by
rain on mud and sand, and believed to have been so produced. -- Rain
quail. (Zo\'94l.) See Quail, n., 1. -- Rain water, water that has
fallen from the clouds in rain.
Rain
Rain, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Raining.] [AS.
regnian, akin to G. regnen, Goth. rignjan. See Rain, n.]
1. To fall in drops from the clouds, as water; used mostly with it for
a nominative; as, it rains.
The rain it raineth every day. Shak.
2. To fall or drop like water from the clouds; as, tears rained from
their eyes.
Rain
Rain (?), v. t.
1. To pour or shower down from above, like rain from the clouds.
Then said the Lord unto Moses, Behold, I will rain bread from
heaven for you. Ex. xvi. 4.
2. To bestow in a profuse or abundant manner; as, to rain favors upon
a person.
Rainbow
Rain"bow` (?), n. [AS. regenboga, akin to G. regenbogen. See Rain, and
Bow anything bent,] A bow or arch exhibiting, in concentric bands, the
several colors of the spectrum, and formed in the part of the
hemisphere opposite to the sun by the refraction and reflection of the
sun's rays in drops of falling rain.
NOTE: &hand; Besides the ordinary bow, called also primary rainbow,
which is formed by two refractions and one reflection, there is
also another often seen exterior to it, called the secondary
rainbow, concentric with the first, and separated from it by a
small interval. It is formed by two refractions and two
reflections, is much fainter than the primary bow, and has its
colors arranged in the reverse order from those of the latter.
Lunar rainbow, a fainter arch or rainbow, formed by the moon. --
Marine rainbow, OR Sea bow, a similar bow seen in the spray of waves
at sea. -- Rainbow trout (Zo\'94l.), a bright-colored trout
(Salmoirideus), native of the mountains of California, but now
extensively introduced into the Eastern States. Japan, and other
countries; -- called also brook trout, mountain trout, and golden
trout. -- Rainbow wrasse. (Zo\'94l.) See under Wrasse. --
Supernumerary rainbow, a smaller bow, usually of red and green colors
only, sometimes seen within the primary or without the secondary
rainbow, and in contact with them.
Rainbowed
Rain"bowed` (?), a. Formed with or like a rainbow.
Raindeer
Rain"deer` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Reindeer. [Obs.]
Raindrop
Rain"drop` (?), n. A drop of rain.
Rainfall
Rain"fall` (?), n. A fall or descent of rain; the water, or amount of
water, that falls in rain; as, the average annual rainfall of a
region.
Supplied by the rainfall of the outer ranges of Sinchul and
Singaleleh. Hooker.
Raininess
Rain"i*ness (?), n. The state of being rainy.
Rainless
Rain"less, a. Destitute of rain; as, a rainless region.
Rain-tight
Rain"-tight` (?), a. So tight as to exclude rain as, a rain-tight
roof.
Rainy
Rain"y (?), a. [AS. regenig.] Abounding with rain; wet; showery; as,
rainy day or season.
Raip
Raip (?), n. [Cf. Icel. reip rope. Cf. Rope.] A rope; also, a measure
equal to a rod. [Scot.]
Rais
Rais (?), n. Same as 2d Reis.
Raisable
Rais"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being raised.
Raise
Raise (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raised (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Raising.]
[OE. reisen, Icel. reisa, causative of r\'c6sa to rise. See Rise, and
cf. Rear to raise.]
1. To cause to rise; to bring from a lower to a higher place; to lift
upward; to elevate; to heave; as, to raise a stone or weight. Hence,
figuratively: -- (a) To bring to a higher condition or situation; to
elevate in rank, dignity, and the like; to increase the value or
estimation of; to promote; to exalt; to advance; to enhance; as, to
raise from a low estate; to raise to office; to raise the price, and
the like.
This gentleman came to be raised to great titles. Clarendon.
The plate pieces of eight were raised three pence in the piece. Sir
W. Temple.
(b) To increase the strength, vigor, or vehemence of; to excite; to
intensify; to invigorate; to heighten; as, to raise the pulse; to
raise the voice; to raise the spirits or the courage; to raise the
heat of a furnace. (c) To elevate in degree according to some scale;
as, to raise the pitch of the voice; to raise the temperature of a
room.
2. To cause to rise up, or assume an erect position or posture; to set
up; to make upright; as, to raise a mast or flagstaff. Hence: -- (a)
To cause to spring up from recumbent position, from a state of quiet,
or the like; to awaken; to arouse.
They shall not awake, nor be raised out of their sleep. Job xiv.
12.
(b) To rouse to action; to stir up; to incite to tumult, struggle, or
war; to excite.
He commandeth, and raiseth the stormy wind. Ps. cvii. 25.
\'92neas . . . employs his pains, In parts remote, to raise the
Tuscan swains. Dryden.
(c) To bring up from the lower world; to call up, as a spirit from the
world of spirits; to recall from death; to give life to.
Why should it be thought a thing incredible with you, that God
should raise the dead ? Acts xxvi. 8.
3. To cause to arise, grow up, or come into being or to appear; to
give to; to originate, produce, cause, effect, or the like. Hence,
specifically: -- (a) To form by the accumulation of materials or
constituent parts; to build up; to erect; as, to raise a lofty
structure, a wall, a heap of stones.
I will raise forts against thee. Isa. xxxix. 3.
(b) To bring together; to collect; to levy; to get together or obtain
for use or service; as, to raise money, troops, and the like. "To
raise up a rent." Chaucer. (c) To cause to grow; to procure to be
produced, bred, or propagated; to grow; as, to raise corn, barley,
hops, etc.; toraise cattle. "He raised sheep." "He raised wheat where
none grew before." Johnson's Dict.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1186
NOTE: &hand; In so me pa rts of the United States, notably in the
Southern States, raise in also commonly applied to the rearing or
bringing up of children.
I was raised, as they say in Virginia, among the mountains of the
North. Paulding.
(d) To bring into being; to produce; to cause to arise, come forth, or
appear; -- often with up.
I will raise them up a prophet from among their brethren, like unto
thee. Deut. xviii. 18.
God vouchsafes to raise another world From him [Noah], and all his
anger to forget. Milton.
(e) To give rise to; to set agoing; to occasion; to start; to
originate; as, to raise a smile or a blush.
Thou shalt not raise a false report. Ex. xxiii. 1.
(f) To give vent or utterance to; to utter; to strike up.
Soon as the prince appears, they raise a cry. Dryden.
(g) To bring to notice; to submit for consideration; as, to raise a
point of order; to raise an objection.
4. To cause to rise, as by the effect of leaven; to make light and
spongy, as bread.
Miss Liddy can dance a jig, and raise paste. Spectator.
5. (Naut.) (a) To cause (the land or any other object) to seem higher
by drawing nearer to it; as, to raise Sandy Hook light. (b) To let go;
as in the command, Raise tacks and sheets, i. e., Let go tacks and
sheets.
6. (Law) To create or constitute; as, to raise a use that is, to
create it. Burrill.
To raise a blockade (Mil.), to remove or break up a blockade, either
by withdrawing the ships or forces employed in enforcing it, or by
driving them away or dispersing them. -- To raise a check, note, bill
of exchange, etc., to increase fraudulently its nominal value by
changing the writing, figures, or printing in which the sum payable is
specified.<-- or money order --> -- To raise a siege, to relinquish an
attempt to take a place by besieging it, or to cause the attempt to be
relinquished. -- To raise steam, to produce steam of a required
pressure. -- To raise the wind, to procure ready money by some
temporary expedient. [Colloq.] -- To raise Cain, OR To raise the
devil, to cause a great disturbance; to make great trouble. [Slang]
Syn. -- To lift; exalt; elevate; erect; originate; cause; produce;
grow; heighten; aggravate; excite.
Raised
Raised (?), a.
1. Lifted up; showing above the surroundings; as, raised or embossed
metal work.
2. Leavened; made with leaven, or yeast; -- used of bread, cake, etc.,
as distinguished from that made with cream of tartar, soda, etc. See
Raise, v. t., 4.
Raised beach. See under Beach, n.
Raiser
Rais"er (?), n. One who, or that which, raises (in various senses of
the verb).
Raisin
Rai"sin (?), n. [F. raisin grape, raisin, L. racemus cluster of grapes
or berries; cf. Gr. Raceme.]
1. A grape, or a bunch of grapes. [Obs.] Cotgrave.
2. A grape dried in the sun or by artificial heat.
Raisin tree (Bot.), the common red currant, whose fruit resembles the
small raisins of Corinth called currants. [Eng.] Dp. Prior.
Raising
Rais"ing (?), n.
1. The act of lifting, setting up, elevating, exalting, producing, or
restoring to life.
2. Specifically, the operation or work of setting up the frame of a
building; as, to help at a raising. [U.S.]<-- e.g., barn raising -->
3. The operation of embossing sheet metal, or of forming it into
cup-shaped or hollow articles, by hammering, stamping, or spinning.
Raising bee, a bee for raising the frame of a building. See Bee, n.,
2. [U.S.] W. Irving. -- Raising hammer, a hammer with a rounded face,
used in raising sheet metal. -- Raising plate (Carp.), the plate, or
longitudinal timber, on which a roof is raised and rests.
Raisonn\'82
Rai`son`n\'82" (?), a. [F. raisonn\'82. p. p. of raisonner to reason.]
Arranged systematically, or according to classes or subjects; as, a
catalogue raisonn\'82. See under Catalogue.
Raivel
Rai"vel (?), n. (Weaving) A separator. [Scot.]
Raj
Raj (?), n. [See Rajah.] Reign; rule. [India]
Raja
Ra"ja (?), n. Same as Rajah.
Rajah
Ra"jah (?), n. [Hind. r\'bej\'be, Skr. r\'bejan, akin to L. rex,
regis. See Regal, a.] A native prince or king; also, a landholder or
person of importance in the agricultural districts. [India]
Rajahship
Ra"jah*ship, n. The office or dignity of a rajah.
Rajpoot, Rajput
Raj`poot", Raj`put" (?), n. [Hind. r\'bej-p&umac;t, Skr. r\'beja-putra
king's son.] A Hindoo of the second, or royal and military, caste; a
Kshatriya; especially, an inhabitant of the country of Rajpootana, in
northern central India.
Rake
Rake (?), n. [AS. race; akin to OD. rake, D. reek, OHG, rehho, G.
rechen, Icel, reka a shovel, and to Goth. rikan to heap up, collect,
and perhaps to Gr. rack to stretch. Cf. Reckon.]
1. An implement consisting of a headpiece having teeth, and a long
handle at right angles to it, -- used for collecting hay, or other
light things which are spread over a large surface, or for breaking
and smoothing the earth.
2. A toothed machine drawn by a horse, -- used for collecting hay or
grain; a horserake.
3. [Perhaps a different word.] (Mining) A fissure or mineral vein
traversing the strata vertically, or nearly so; -- called also
rake-vein.
Gill rakes. (Anat.) See under 1st Gill.
Rake
Rake, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raked; p. pr. & vb. n. Raking.] [AS. racian.
See 1st Rake.]
1. To collect with a rake; as, to rake hay; -- often with up; as, he
raked up the fallen leaves.
2. Hence: To collect or draw together with laborious industry; to
gather from a wide space; to scrape together; as, to rake together
wealth; to rake together slanderous tales; to rake together the rabble
of a town.
3. To pass a rake over; to scrape or scratch with a rake for the
purpose of collecting and clearing off something, or for stirring up
the soil; as, to rake a lawn; to rake a flower bed.
4. To search through; to scour; to ransack.
The statesman rakes the town to find a plot. Swift.
5. To scrape or scratch across; to pass over quickly and lightly, as a
rake does.
Like clouds that rake the mountain summits. Wordsworth.
6. (Mil.) To enfilade; to fire in a direction with the length of; in
naval engagements, to cannonade, as a ship, on the stern or head so
that the balls range the whole length of the deck.
To rake up. (a) To collect together, as the fire (live coals), and
cover with ashes. (b) To bring up; to search out an bring to notice
again; as, to rake up old scandals.
Rake
Rake (?), v. i.
1. To use a rake, as for searching or for collecting; to scrape; to
search minutely.
One is for raking in Chaucer for antiquated words. Dryden.
2. To pass with violence or rapidity; to scrape along.
Pas could not stay, but over him did rake. Sir P. Sidney.
Rake
Rake, n. [Cf. dial. Sw. raka to reach, and E. reach.] To inclination
of anything from a perpendicular direction; as, the rake of a roof, a
staircase, etc.; especially (Naut., the inclination of a mast or
tunnel, or, in general, of any part of a vessel not perpendicular to
the keel.
Rake
Rake, v. i. To incline from a perpendicular direction; as, a mast
rakes aft. Raking course (Bricklaying), a course of bricks laid
diagonally between the face courses in a thick wall, to strengthen.
Rake
Rake, n. [OE. rakel rash; cf. Icel. reikall wandering, unsettled,
reika to wander.] A loose, disorderly, vicious man; a person addicted
to lewdness and other scandalous vices; a debauchee; a rou\'82.
Am illiterate and frivolous old rake. Macaulay.
Rake
Rake, v. i.
1. [Icel. reika. Cf. Rake a debauchee.] To walk about; to gad or
ramble idly. [Prov. Eng.]
2. [See Rake a debauchee.] To act the rake; to lead a dissolute,
debauched life. Shenstone.
To rake out (Falconry), to fly too far and wide from its master while
hovering above waiting till the game is sprung; -- said of the hawk.
Encyc. Brit.
Rakehell
Rake"hell` (?), n. [See Rakel.] A lewd, dissolute fellow; a debauchee;
a rake.
It seldom doth happen, in any way of life, that a sluggard and a
rakehell do not go together. Barrow.
Rakehell, Rakehelly
Rake"hell`, Rake"hell`y, a. Dissolute; wild; lewd; rakish. [Obs.]
Spenser. B. Jonson.
Rakel
Ra"kel (?), a. [OE. See Rake a debauchee.] Hasty; reckless; rash.
[Obs.] Chaucer. -- Ra"kel*ness, n. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Raker
Rak"er (?), n. [See 1st Rake.]
1. One who, or that which, rakes; as: (a) A person who uses a rake.
(b) A machine for raking grain or hay by horse or other power. (c) A
gun so placed as to rake an enemy's ship.
2. (Zo\'94l.) See Gill rakers, under 1st Gill.
Rakery
Rak"er*y (?), n. Debauchery; lewdness.
The rakery and intrigues of the lewd town. R. North.
Rakeshame
Rake"shame` (?), n. [Cf. Rakehell, Ragabash.] A vile, dissolute
wretch. [Obs.] Milton.
Rakestale
Rake"stale` (?), n. [Rake the instrument + stale a handle.] The handle
of a rake.
That tale is not worth a rakestele. Chaucer.
Rake-vein
Rake"-vein` (?), n. See Rake, a mineral vein.
Raking
Rak"ing (?), n.
1. The act or process of using a rake; the going over a space with a
rake.
2. A space gone over with a rake; also, the work done, or the quantity
of hay, grain, etc., collected, by going once over a space with a
rake.
Rakish
Rak"ish, a. Dissolute; lewd; debauched.
The arduous task of converting a rakish lover. Macaulay.
Rakish
Rak"ish, a. (Naut.) Having a saucy appearance indicative of speed and
dash. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Rakishly
Rak"ish*ly, adv. In a rakish manner.
Rakishness
Rak"ish*ness, n. The quality or state of being rakish.
Raku ware
Ra"ku ware` (?). A kind of earthenware made in Japan, resembling
Satsuma ware, but having a paler color.
R\'83le
R\'83le (?), n. [F. r\'83le. Cf. Rail the bird.] (Med.) An
adventitious sound, usually of morbid origin, accompanying the normal
respiratory sounds. See Rhonchus.
NOTE: &hand; Va rious ki nds ar e di stinguished by pa thologists;
differing in intensity, as loud and small; in quality, as moist,
dry, clicking, and sonorous; and in origin, as tracheal, pulmonary,
and pleural.
Rallentando
Ral"len*tan"do (?), a. [It.] (Mus.) Slackening; -- a direction to
perform a passage with a gradual decrease in time and force;
ritardando.
Ralliance
Ral"li*ance (?), n. [Cf. OF. raliance. See Rally to reunite.] The act
of rallying.
Raillier
Rail"li*er (?), n. One who rallies.
Ralline
Ral"line (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the rails.
Rally
Ral"ly (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rallied (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rallying.] [OF. ralier, F. rallier, fr. L. pref. re- + ad + ligare to
bind. See Ra-, and 1st Ally.] To collect, and reduce to order, as
troops dispersed or thrown into confusion; to gather again; to
reunite.
Rally
Ral"ly, v. i.
1. To come into orderly arrangement; to renew order, or united effort,
as troops scattered or put to flight; to assemble; to unite.
The Grecians rally, and their powers unite. Dryden.
Innumerable parts of matter chanced just then to rally together,
and to form themselves into this new world. Tillotson.
2. To collect one's vital powers or forces; to regain health or
consciousness; to recuperate.
3. To recover strength after a decline in prices; -- said of the
market, stocks, etc.
Rally
Ral"ly, n.; pl. Rallies (.
1. The act or process of rallying (in any of the senses of that word).
2. A political mass meeting. [Colloq. U. S.]
Rally
Ral"ly, v. t. [F. railler. See Rail to scoff.] To attack with
raillery, either in good humor and pleasantry, or with slight contempt
or satire.
Honeycomb . . . raillies me upon a country life. Addison.
Strephon had long confessed his amorous pain. Which gay Corinna
rallied with disdain. Gay.
Syn. -- To banter; ridicule; satirize; deride; mock.
Rally
Ral"ly (?), v. i. To use pleasantry, or satirical merriment.
Rally
Ral"ly, n. Good-humored raillery.
Ralph
Ralph (?), n. A name sometimes given to the raven.
Ralstonite
Ral"ston*ite (?), n. [So named after J. G. Ralston of Norristown,
Penn.] (Min.) A fluoride of alumina and soda occurring with the
Greenland cryolite in octahedral crystals.
Ram
Ram (?), n. [AS. ramm, ram; akin to OHG. & D. ram, Prov. G. ramm, and
perh. to Icel. ramr strong.]
1. The male of the sheep and allied animals. In some parts of England
a ram is called a tup.
2. (Astron.) (a) Aries, the sign of the zodiac which the sun enters
about the 21st of March. (b) The constellation Aries, which does not
now, as formerly, occupy the sign of the same name.
3. An engine of war used for butting or battering. Specifically: (a)
In ancient warfare, a long beam suspended by slings in a framework,
and used for battering the walls of cities; a battering-ram. (b) A
heavy steel or iron beak attached to the prow of a steam war vessel
for piercing or cutting down the vessel of an enemy; also, a vessel
carrying such a beak.
4. A hydraulic ram. See under Hydraulic.
5. The weight which strikes the blow, in a pile driver, steam hammer,
stamp mill, or the like.
6. The plunger of a hydraulic press.
Ram's horn. (a) (Fort.) A low semicircular work situated in and
commanding a ditch. [Written also ramshorn.] Farrow. (b) (Paleon.) An
ammonite.
Ram
Ram, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rammed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ramming.]
1. To butt or strike against; to drive a ram against or through; to
thrust or drive with violence; to force in; to drive together; to
cram; as, to ram an enemy's vessel; to ram piles, cartridges, etc.
[They] rammed me in with foul shirts, and smocks, socks, foul
stockings, greasy napkins. Shak.
2. To fill or compact by pounding or driving.
A ditch . . . was filled with some sound materials, and rammed to
make the foundation solid. Arbuthnot.
Ramadan
Ram`a*dan" (?), n. [Ar. ramad\'ben, or ramaz\'ben, properly, the hot
month.] [Written also Ramadhan, Ramadzan, and Rhamadan.]
1. The ninth Mohammedan month.
2. The great annual fast of the Mohammedans, kept during daylight
through the ninth month.
Ramage
Ram"age (?; 48), n. [F., fr. L. ramus a branch.]
1. Boughs or branches. [Obs.] Crabb.
2. Warbling of birds in trees. [Obs.] Drummond.
Ramage
Ra*mage" (?), a. Wild; untamed. [Obs.]
Ramagious
Ra*ma"gi*ous (?), a. Wild; not tame. [Obs.]
Now is he tame that was so ramagious. Remedy of Love.
Ramal
Ra"mal (?), a. [L. ramus branch.] Of or pertaining to a ramus, or
branch; rameal.
Ramayana
Ra*ma"ya*na (?), n. [Skr. R\'bem\'beyana.] The more ancient of the two
great epic poems in Sanskrit. The hero and heroine are Rama and his
wife Sita.
Ramberge
Ram"berge (?), n. [F., fr. rame oar + barge barge.] Formerly, a kind
of large war galley.
Ramble
Ram"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rambled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rambling
(?).] [For rammle, fr. Prov. E. rame to roam. Cf. Roam.]
1. To walk, ride, or sail, from place to place, without any
determinate object in view; to roam carelessly or irregularly; to
rove; to wander; as, to ramble about the city; to ramble over the
world.
He that is at liberty to ramble in perfect darkness, what is his
liberty better than if driven up and down as a bubble by the wind?
Locke.
2. To talk or write in a discursive, aimless way.
3. To extend or grow at random. Thomson. Syn. -- To rove; roam;
wander; range; stroll.
Ramble
Ram"ble, n.
1. A going or moving from place to place without any determinate
business or object; an excursion or stroll merely for recreation.
Coming home, after a short Christians ramble. Swift.
2. [Cf. Rammel.] (Coal Mining) A bed of shale over the seam. Raymond.
<-- 3. A section of woods suitable for liesurely walking. muskrat
ramble -- a dance -->
Rambler
Ram"bler (?), n. One who rambles; a rover; a wanderer.
Rambling
Ram"bling (?), a. Roving; wandering; discursive; as, a rambling
fellow, talk, or building.
Ramblingly
Ram"bling*ly, adv. In a rambling manner.
Rambooze
Ram"booze (?), n. A beverage made of wine, ale (or milk), sugar, etc.
[Obs.] Blount.
Rambutan
Ram*bu"tan (?), n. [Malay ramb&umac;tan, fr. rambut hair of the head.]
(Bot.) A Malayan fruit produced by the tree Nephelium lappaceum, and
closely related to the litchi nut. It is bright red, oval in shape,
covered with coarse hairs (whence the name), and contains a pleasant
acid pulp. Called also ramboostan.
Rameal
Ra"me*al (?), a. Same as Ramal. Gray.
Ramean
Ra"me*an (?), n. A Ramist. Shipley.
Ramed
Ramed (?), a. Having the frames, stem, and sternpost adjusted; -- said
of a ship on the stocks.
Ramee
Ram"ee (?), n. (Bot.) See Ramie.
Ramekin
Ram"e*kin (?), n. See Ramequin. [Obs.]
Rament
Ram"ent (?), n. [L. ramenta, pl.]
1. A scraping; a shaving. [Obs.]
Ramenta
Ra*men"ta (?), n. pl. [L., scrapings.] (Bot.) Thin brownish chaffy
scales upon the leaves or young shoots of some plants, especially upon
the petioles and leaves of ferns. Gray.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1187
Ramentaceous
Ram`en*ta"ceous (?), a (Bot.) Covered with ramenta.
Rameous
Ra"me*ous (?), a [L. rameus, from ramus branch, bough.] (Bot.) Ramal.
Ramequin
Ram"e*quin (?), n. [F.] (Cookery) A mixture of cheese, eggs, etc.,
formed in a mold, or served on bread. [Written also ramekin.]
Ramie
Ram"ie (?), n. [From Malay.] (Bot.) The grasscloth plant (B&oe;hmeria
nivea); also, its fiber, which is very fine and exceedingly strong; --
called also China grass, and rhea. See Grass-cloth plant, under Grass.
Ramification
Ram`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. ramification. See Ramify.]
1. The process of branching, or the development or offshoots from a
stem; also, the mode of their arrangement.
2. A small branch or offshoot proceeding from a main stock or channel;
as, the ramifications of an artery, vein, or nerve.
3. A division into principal and subordinate classes, heads, or
departments; also, one of the subordinate parts; as, the ramifications
a subject or scheme.
4. The production of branchlike figures. Crabb.
Ramiflorous
Ram`i*flo"rous (?), a. [L. ramus branch + flos, floris, flower.]
(Bot.) Flowering on the branches.
Ramiform
Ram"i*form, a. [L. ramus branch + -form.] (Bot.) Having the form of a
branch.
Ramify
Ram"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ramified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ramifying (?).] [F. ramifier, LL. ramificare, fr. L. ramus a branch +
-ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] To divide into branches or
subdivisions; as, to ramify an art, subject, scheme.
Ramify
Ram"i*fy, v. i.
1. To shoot, or divide, into branches or subdivisions, as the stem of
a plant.
When they [asparagus plants] . . . begin to ramify. Arbuthnot.
2. To be divided or subdivided, as a main subject.
Ramigerous
Ra*mig"er*ous (?), a. [L. ramus a branch + -gerous.] (Bot.) Bearing
branches; branched.
Ramiparous
Ra*mip"a*rous (?), a. [L. ramus + parere to bear.] (Bot.) Producing
branches; ramigerous.
Ramist
Ra"mist (?), n. A follower of Pierre Ram\'82, better known as Ramus, a
celebrated French scholar, who was professor of rhetoric and
philosophy at Paris in the reign of Henry II., and opposed the
Aristotelians.
Ramline
Ram"line (?), n. A line used to get a straight middle line, as on a
spar, or from stem to stern in building a vessel.
Rammel
Ram"mel (?), n. Refuse matter. [Obs.]
Filled with any rubbish, rammel and broken stones. Holland.
Rammer
Ram"mer (?), n. One who, or that which, rams or drives. Specifically:
(a) An instrument for driving anything force; as, a rammer for driving
stones or piles, or for beating the earth to more solidity. (b) A rod
for forcing down the charge of a gun; a ramrod. (c) (Founding) An
implement for pounding the sand of a mold to render it compact.
Rammish
Ram"mish (?), a. Like a ram; hence, rank; lascivious. "Their savor is
so rammish." Chaucer.
Rammishness
Ram"mish*ness, n. The quality of being rammish.
Rammy
Ram"my (?), a. Like a ram; rammish. Burton.
Ramollescence
Ram`ol*les"cence (?), n. [F. ramollir to make soft, to soften; pref.
re- re- + amollir to soften; a (L. ad) + mollir to soften, L. mollire,
fr. mollis soft.] A softening or mollifying. [R.]
Ramoon
Ra*moon" (?), n. (Bot.) A small West Indian tree (Trophis Americana)
of the Mulberry family, whose leaves and twigs are used as fodder for
cattle.
Ramose
Ra*mose" (?), a. [L. ramosus, from ramus a branch.] Branched, as the
stem or root of a plant; having lateral divisions; consisting of, or
having, branches; full of branches; ramifying; branching; branchy.
Ramous
Ra"mous (?), a. Ramose.
Ramp
Ramp (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ramped (?; 215); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ramping.] [F. ramper to creep, OF., to climb; of German origin; cf. G.
raffen to snatch, LG. & D. rapen. See Rap to snatch, and cf. Romp.]
1. To spring; to leap; to bound; to rear; to prance; to become
rampant; hence, to frolic; to romp.
2. To move by leaps, or by leaps; hence, to move swiftly or with
violence.
Their bridles they would champ,
And trampling the fine element would fiercely ramp. Spenser.
3. To climb, as a plant; to creep up.
With claspers and tendrils, they [plants] catch hold, . . . and so
ramping upon trees, they mount up to a great height. Ray.
Ramp
Ramp, n.
1. A leap; a spring; a hostile advance.
The bold Ascalonite Fled from his lion ramp. Milton.
2. A highwayman; a robber. [Prov. Eng.]
3. A romping woman; a prostitute. [Obs.] Lyly.
4. [F. rampe.] (Arch.) (a) Any sloping member, other than a purely
constructional one, such as a continuous parapet to a staircase.
(b) A short bend, slope, or curve, where a hand rail or cap changes
its direction.
5. [F. rampe.] (Fort.) An inclined plane serving as a communication
between different interior levels.
Rampacious
Ram*pa"cious (?), a. High-spirited; rampageous. [Slang] Dickens.
Rampage
Ramp"age (?), n. [See Ramp, v.] Violent or riotous behavior; a
state of excitement, passion, or debauchery; as, to be on the
rampage. [Prov. or Low.] Dickens.
Rampage
Ramp"age, v. i. To leap or prance about, as an animal; to be
violent; to rage. [Prov. or Low]
Rampageous
Ram*pa"geous (?), a. Characterized by violence and passion; unruly;
rampant. [Prov. or Low]
In the primitive ages of a rampageous antiquity. Galt.
Rampallian
Ram*pal"lian (?), n. [Cf. ramp a prostitute, or rabble.] A mean
wretch. [Obs.] Shak.
Rampancy
Ramp"an*cy (?), n. The quality or state of being rampant; excessive
action or development; exuberance; extravagance. "They are come to
this height and rampancy of vice." South.
Rampant
Ramp"ant (?), a. [F., p. pr. of ramper to creep. See Ramp, v.]
1. Ramping; leaping; springing; rearing upon the hind legs; hence,
raging; furious.
The fierce lion in his kind Which goeth rampant after his prey.
Gower.
[The] lion . . . rampant shakes his brinded mane. Milton.
2. Ascending; climbing; rank in growth; exuberant.
The rampant stalk is of unusual altitude. I. Taylor.
3. (Her.) Rising with fore paws in the air as if attacking; -- said
of a beast of prey, especially a lion. The right fore leg and right
hind leg should be raised higher than the left.
Rampant arch. (a) An arch which has one abutment higher than the
other. (b) Same as Rampant vault, below. -- Rampant gardant (Her.),
rampant, but with the face turned to the front. -- Rampant regardant,
rampant, but looking backward. -- Rampant vault (Arch.), a continuous
wagon vault, or cradle vault, whose two abutments are located on an
inclined planed plane, such as the vault supporting a stairway, or
forming the ceiling of a stairway.
Rampantly
Ramp"ant*ly, adv. In a rampant manner.
Rampart
Ram"part (?), n. [F. rempart, OF. rempar, fr. remparer to fortify, se
remparer to fence or intrench one's self; re- re- pref. + pref. en-
(L. in) + parer to defend, parry, prepare, L. parare to prepape. See
Pare.]
1. That which fortifies and defends from assault; that which secures
safety; a defense or bulwark.
2. (Fort.) A broad embankment of earth round a place, upon which the
parapet is raised. It forms the substratum of every permanent
fortification. Mahan. Syn. -- Bulwark; fence; security; guard. --
Rampart, Bulwark. These words were formerly interchanged; but in
modern usage a distinction has sprung up between them. The rampart of
a fortified place is the enceinte or main embankment or wall which
surrounds it. The term bulwark is now applied to peculiarly strong
outworks which project for the defense of the rampart, or main work. A
single bastion is a bulwark. In using these words figuratively,
rampart is properly applied to that which protects by walling out;
bulwark to that which stands in the forefront of danger, to meet and
repel it. Hence, we speak of a distinguished individual as the
bulwark, not the rampart, of the state. This distinction, however, is
often disregarded.
Rampart
Ram"part, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ramparted; p. pr. & vb. n. Ramparting.]
To surround or protect with, or as with, a rampart or ramparts.
Those grassy hills, those glittering dells, Proudly ramparted with
rocks. Coleridge.
Rampart gun (Fort.), a cannon or large gun for use on a rampart and
not as a fieldpiece.
Rampe
Rampe (?), n. [In allusion to its supposed aphrodisiac qualities. See
Ramp.] (Bot.) The cuckoopint.
Rampier
Ram"pier (?), n. See Rampart. [Obs.]
Rampion
Ram"pi*on (?), n. [Cf. F. raiponce, Sp. ruiponce, reponche, L.
raperonzo, NL. rapuntium, fr. L. rapum, rapa, a turnip, rape. Cf. Rape
a plant.] (Bot.) A plant (Campanula Rapunculus) of the Bellflower
family, with a tuberous esculent root; -- also called ramps.
NOTE: &hand; Th e na me is so metimes given to plants of the genus
Phyteuma, herds of the Bellflower family, and to the American
evening primrose (Enothera biennis), which has run wild in some
parts of Europe.
Rampire
Ram"pire (?), n. A rampart. [Archaic]
The Trojans round the place a rampire cast. Dryden.
Rampire
Ram"pire, v. t. To fortify with a rampire; to form into a rampire.
[Archaic] Chapman. "Rampired walls of gold." R. Browning.
Rampler
Ram"pler (?), n. A rambler.
Rampler
Ram"pler, a. Roving; rambling. [Scot.]
Ramrod
Ram"rod` (?), n. The rod used in ramming home the charge in a
muzzle-loading firearm.
Ramshackle
Ram"shac*kle (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Loose; disjointed; falling
to pieces; out of repair.
There came . . . my lord the cardinal, in his ramshackle coach.
Thackeray.
Ramshackle
Ram"shac*kle, v. t. To search or ransack; to rummage. [Prov. Eng.]
Ramson
Ram"son (?), n. [AS. hramsan, pl., akin to G. rams, Sw. rams,
ramsl\'94k; cf. Gr. (Bot.) A broad-leaved species of garlic (Allium
ursinum), common in European gardens; -- called also buckram.
Ramsted
Ram"sted (?), n. (Bot.) A yellow-flowered weed; -- so named from a Mr.
Ramsted who introduced it into Pennsylvania. See Toad flax. Called
also Ramsted weed.
Ramulose
Ram"u*lose` (?), a. [L. ramulosus, fr. ramulus, dim. of ramus a
branch.] (Nat. Hist.) Having many small branches, or ramuli.
Ramulous
Ram"u*lous (?), a. (Nat. Hist.) Ramulose.
Ramulus
Ram"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Ramuli (. (Zo\'94l.) A small branch, or
branchlet, of corals, hydroids, and similar organisms.
Ramus
Ra"mus (?), n.; pl. Rami (. (Nat. Hist.) A branch; a projecting part
or prominent process; a ramification.
Ramuscule
Ra*mus"cule (?), n. [L. ramusculus.] (Nat. Hist.) A small ramus, or
branch.
Ran
Ran (?), imp. of Run.
Ran
Ran, n. [As. r\'ben.] Open robbery. [Obs.] Lambarde.
Ran
Ran, n. (Naut.) Yarns coiled on a spun-yarn winch.
Rana
Ra"na (?), n. [L., a frog.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of anurous batrachians,
including the common frogs.
Ranal
Ra"nal (?), a. (Bot.) Having a general affinity to ranunculaceous
plants. Ranal alliance (Bot.), a name proposed by Lindley for a group
of natural orders, including Ranunculace\'91, Magnoliace\'91,
Papaverace\'91, and others related to them.
Rance
Rance (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.]
1. A prop or shore. [Scot.]
2. A round between the legs of a chair.<-- = spreader -->
Rancescent
Ran*ces"cent (?), a. [L. rancescens, p. pr. of rancescere, v. incho.
from rancere to be rancid.] Becoming rancid or sour.
Ranch
Ranch (?), v. t. [Written also raunch.] [Cf. Wrench.] To wrench; to
tear; to sprain; to injure by violent straining or contortion. [R.]
Dryden. "Hasting to raunch the arrow out." Spenser.
Ranch
Ranch, n. [See Rancho.] A tract of land used for grazing and rearing
of horses, cattle, or sheep. See Rancho, 2. [Western U. S.]
Ranchero
Ran*che"ro (?), n.; pl. Rancheros (#). [Sp.] [Mexico & Western U. S.]
1. A herdsman; a peasant employed on a ranch or rancho.
2. The owner and occupant of a ranch or rancho.
Ranchman
Ranch"man (?), n.; pl. Ranchmen (#) An owner or occupant of, or
laborer on, a ranch; a herdsman. [Western U. S.]
Rancho
Ran"cho (?), n.; pl. Ranchos (#). [Sp., properly, a mess, mess room.
Cf. 2d Ranch.]
1. A rude hut, as of posts, covered with branches or thatch, where
herdsmen or farm laborers may live or lodge at night.
2. A large grazing farm where horses and cattle are raised; --
distinguished from hacienda, a cultivated farm or plantation. [Mexico
& California] Bartlett.
Rancid
Ran"cid (?), a. [L. rancidus, fr. rancere to be rancid or rank.]
Having a rank smell or taste, from chemical change or decomposition;
musty; as, rancid oil or butter.
Rancidity
Ran*cid"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. rancidit\'82.] The quality or state of
being rancid; a rancid scent or flavor, as of old oil. Ure.
Rancidly
Ran"cid*ly (?), adv. In a rancid manner.
Rancidness
Ran"cid*ness, n. The quality of being rancid.
Rancor
Ran"cor (?), n. [Written also rancour.] [OE. rancour, OF. rancor,
rancur, F. rancune, fr. L. rancor rancidity, rankness; tropically, an
old grudge, rancor, fr. rancere to be rank or rancid.] The deepest
malignity or spite; deep-seated enmity or malice; inveterate hatred.
"To stint rancour and dissencioun." Chaucer.
It would not be easy to conceive the passion, rancor, and malice of
their tongues and hearts. Burke.
Syn. -- Enmity; hatred; ill will; malice; spite; grudge; animosity;
malignity. -- Rancor, Enmity. Enmity and rancor both describe hostile
feelings; but enmity may be generous and open, while rancor implies
personal malice of the worst and most enduring nature, and is the
strongest word in our language to express hostile feelings.
Rancor will out; proud prelate, in thy face I see thy fury. Shak.
Rancor is that degree of malice which preys upon the possessor.
Cogan.
Rancorous
Ran"cor*ous (?), a. [OF. rancuros.] Full of rancor; evincing, or
caused by, rancor; deeply malignant; implacably spiteful or malicious;
intensely virulent.
So flamed his eyes with rage and rancorous ire. Spenser.
Rancorously
Ran"cor*ous*ly, adv. In a rancorous manner.
Rand
Rand (?), n. [AS. rand, rond; akin to D., Dan., Sw., & G. rand, Icel.
r\'94nd, and probably to E. rind.]
1. A border; edge; margin. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
2. A long, fleshy piece, as of beef, cut from the flank or leg; a sort
of steak. Beau. & Fl.
3. A thin inner sole for a shoe; also, a leveling slip of leather
applied to the sole before attaching the heel.
Rand
Rand, v. i. [See Rant.] To rant; to storm. [Obs.]
I wept, . . . and raved, randed, and railed. J. Webster.
Randall grass
Ran"dall grass` (?). (Bot.) The meadow fescue (Festuca elatior). See
under Grass.
Randan
Ran"dan (?), n. The product of a second sifting of meal; the finest
part of the bran. [Prov. Eng.]
Randan
Ran"dan, n. A boat propelled by three rowers with four oars, the
middle rower pulling two.
Randing
Rand"ing (?), n.
1. (Shoemaking) The act or process of making and applying rands for
shoes.
2. (Mil.) A kind of basket work used in gabions.
Random
Ran"dom (?), n. [OE. randon, OF. randon force, violence, rapidity, a
randon, de randon, violently, suddenly, rapidly, prob. of German
origin; cf. G. rand edge, border, OHG. rant shield, edge of a shield,
akin to E. rand, n. See Rand, n.]
1. Force; violence. [Obs.]
For courageously the two kings newly fought with great random and
force. E. Hall.
2. A roving motion; course without definite direction; want of
direction, rule, or method; hazard; chance; -- commonly used in the
phrase at random, that is, without a settled point of direction; at
hazard.
Counsels, when they fly At random, sometimes hit most happily.
Herrick.
O, many a shaft, at random sent, Finds mark the archer little meant
! Sir W. Scott.
3. Distance to which a missile is cast; range; reach; as, the random
of a rifle ball. Sir K. Digby.
4. (Mining) The direction of a rake-vein. Raymond.
Random
Ran"dom, a. Going at random or by chance; done or made at hazard, or
without settled direction, aim, or purpose; hazarded without previous
calculation; left to chance; haphazard; as, a random guess.
Some random truths he can impart. Wordsworth.
So sharp a spur to the lazy, and so strong a bridle to the random.
H. Spencer.
Random courses (Masonry), courses of unequal thickness. -- Random
shot, a shot not directed or aimed toward any particular object, or a
shot with the muzzle of the gun much elevated. -- Random work
(Masonry), stonework consisting of stones of unequal sizes fitted
together, but not in courses nor always with flat beds.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1188
Randomly
Ran"dom*ly (?), adv. In a random manner.
Randon
Ran"don (?), n. Random. [Obs.] Spenser.
Randon
Ran"don, v. i. To go or stray at random. [Obs.]
Ranedeer
Rane"deer` (?), n. See Reindeer. [Obs.]
Ranee
Ra"nee (?), n. Same as Rani.
Ranforce
Ran"force` (?), n. [Cf. F. renforcer.] See Re&eum;nforce. [Obs.]
Bailey.
Rang
Rang (?), imp. of Ring, v. t. & i.
Range
Range (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ranged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ranging
(?).] [OE. rengen, OF. rengier, F. ranger, OF. renc row, rank, F.
rang; of German origin. See Rane, n.]
1. To set in a row, or in rows; to place in a regular line or lines,
or in ranks; to dispose in the proper order; to rank; as, to range
soldiers in line.
Maccabeus ranged his army by hands. 2 Macc. xii. 20.
2. To place (as a single individual) among others in a line, row, or
order, as in the ranks of an army; -- usually, reflexively and
figuratively, (in the sense) to espouse a cause, to join a party, etc.
It would be absurd in me to range myself on the side of the Duke of
Bedford and the corresponding society. Burke.
3. To separate into parts; to sift. [Obs.] Holland.
4. To dispose in a classified or in systematic order; to arrange
regularly; as, to range plants and animals in genera and species.
5. To rove over or through; as, to range the fields.
Teach him to range the ditch, and force the brake. Gay.
6. To sail or pass in a direction parallel to or near; as, to range
the coast.
NOTE: &hand; Co mpare the last two senses (5 and 6) with the French
ranger une c\'93te.
7. (Biol.) To be native to, or to live in; to frequent.
Range
Range, v. i.
1. To rove at large; to wander without restraint or direction; to
roam.
Like a ranging spaniel that barks at every bird he sees. Burton.
2. To have range; to change or differ within limits; to be capable of
projecting, or to admit of being projected, especially as to
horizontal distance; as, the temperature ranged through seventy
degrees Fahrenheit; the gun ranges three miles; the shot ranged four
miles.
3. To be placed in order; to be ranked; to admit of arrangement or
classification; to rank.
And range with humble livers in content. Shak.
4. To have a certain direction; to correspond in direction; to be or
keep in a corresponding line; to trend or run; -- often followed by
with; as, the front of a house ranges with the street; to range along
the coast.
Which way the forests range. Dryden.
5. (Biol.) To be native to, or live in, a certain district or region;
as, the peba ranges from Texas to Paraguay. Syn. -- To rove; roam;
ramble; wander; stroll.
Range
Range, n. [From Range, v.: cf. F. rang\'82e.]
1. A series of things in a line; a row; a rank; as, a range of
buildings; a range of mountains.
2. An aggregate of individuals in one rank or degree; an order; a
class.
The next range of beings above him are the immaterial
intelligences. Sir M. Hale.
3. The step of a ladder; a rung. Clarendon.
4. A kitchen grate. [Obs.]
He was bid at his first coming to take off the range, and let down
the cinders. L'Estrange.
5. Am extended cooking apparatus of cast iron, set in brickwork, and
affording conveniences for various ways
6. A bolting sieve to sift meal. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
7. A wandering or roving; a going to and fro; an excursion; a ramble;
an expedition.
He may take a range all the world over. South.
8. That which may be ranged over; place or room for excursion;
especially, a region of country in which cattle or sheep may wander
and pasture.
9. Extent or space taken in by anything excursive; compass or extent
of excursion; reach; scope; discursive; as, the range of one's voice,
or authority.
Far as creation's ample range extends. Pope.
The range and compass of Hammond's knowledge filled the whole
circle of the arts. Bp. Fell.
A man has not enough range of thought. Addison.
10. (Biol.) The region within which a plant or animal naturally lives.
11. (Gun.) (a) The horizontal distance to which a shot or other
projectile is carried. (b) Sometimes, less properly, the trajectory of
a shot or projectile. (c) A place where shooting, as with cannons or
rifles, is practiced.
12. In the public land system of the United States, a row or line of
townships lying between two succession meridian lines six miles apart.
NOTE: &hand; Th e me ridians in cluded in ea ch gr eat su rvey are
numbered in order east and west from the "principal meridian" of
that survey, and the townships in the range are numbered north and
south from the "base line," which runs east and west; as, township
No. 6, N., range 7, W., from the fifth principal meridian.
13. (Naut.) See Range of cable, below.
Range of accommodation (Optics), the distance between the near point
and the far point of distinct vision, -- usually measured and
designated by the strength of the lens which if added to the
refracting media of the eye would cause the rays from the near point
to appear as if they came from the far point. -- Range finder
(Gunnery), an instrument, or apparatus, variously constructed, for
ascertaining the distance of an inaccessible object, -- used to
determine what elevation must be given to a gun in order to hit the
object; a position finder. -- Range of cable (Naut.), a certain length
of slack cable ranged along the deck preparatory to letting go the
anchor. -- Range work (Masonry), masonry of squared stones laid in
courses each of which is of even height throughout the length of the
wall; -- distinguished from broken range work, which consists of
squared stones laid in courses not continuously of even height. -- To
get the range of (an object) (Gun.), to find the angle at which the
piece must be raised to reach (the object) without carrying beyond.
Rangement
Range"ment (?), n. [Cf. F. rangement.] Arrangement. [Obs.] Waterland.
Ranger
Ran"ger (?), n.
1. One who ranges; a rover; sometimes, one who ranges for plunder; a
roving robber.
2. That which separates or arranges; specifically, a sieve. [Obs.]
"The tamis ranger." Holland.
3. A dog that beats the ground in search of game.
4. One of a body of mounted troops, formerly armed with short muskets,
who range over the country, and often fight on foot.
5. The keeper of a public park or forest; formerly, a sworn officer of
a forest, appointed by the king's letters patent, whose business was
to walk through the forest, recover beasts that had strayed beyond its
limits, watch the deer, present trespasses to the next court held for
the forest, etc. [Eng.]<-- similar function for U.S. national parksand
antional monuments. -->
Rangership
Ran"ger*ship, n. The office of the keeper of a forest or park. [Eng.]
Rangle
Ran"gle (?), v. i. To range about in an irregular manner. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
Rani
Ra"ni (?), n. [Hind. r\'ben\'c6, Skr. r\'bejn\'c6. See Rajah.] A queen
or princess; the wife of a rajah. [Written also ranee.] [India]
Ranine
Ra"nine (?), a. [L. rana a frog.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the frogs and toads.
2. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or designating, a swelling under the tongue;
also, pertaining to the region where the swelling occurs; -- applied
especially to branches of the lingual artery and lingual vein.
Rank
Rank (?), a. [Compar. Ranker (?); superl. Rankest.] [AS. ranc strong,
proud; cf. D. rank slender, Dan. rank upright, erect, Prov. G. rank
slender, Icel. rakkr slender, bold. The meaning seems to have been
influenced by L. rancidus, E. rancid.]
1. Luxuriant in growth; of vigorous growth; exuberant; grown to
immoderate height; as, rank grass; rank weeds.
And, behold, seven ears of corn came up upon one stalk, rank and
good. Gen. xli. 5.
2. Raised to a high degree; violent; extreme; gross; utter; as, rank
heresy. "Rank nonsense." Hare. "I do forgive thy rankest fault." Shak.
3. Causing vigorous growth; producing luxuriantly; very rich and
fertile; as, rank land. Mortimer.
4. Strong-scented; rancid; musty; as, oil of a rank smell;
rank-smelling rue. Spenser.
5. Strong to the taste. "Divers sea fowls taste rank of the fish on
which they feed." Boyle.
6. Inflamed with venereal appetite. [Obs.] Shak.
Rank modus (Law), an excessive and unreasonable modus. See Modus, 3.
-- To set (the iron of a plane, etc.) rank, to set so as to take off a
thick shaving. Moxon.
Rank
Rank, adv. Rankly; stoutly; violently. [Obs.]
That rides so rank and bends his lance so fell. Fairfax.
Rank
Rank, n. [OE. renk, reng, OF. renc, F. rang, fr. OHG. hring a circle,
a circular row, G. ring. See Ring, and cf. Range, n. & v.]
1. A row or line; a range; an order; a tier; as, a rank of osiers.
Many a mountain nigh Rising in lofty ranks, and loftier still.
Byron.
2. (Mil.) A line of soldiers ranged side by side; -- opposed to file.
See 1st File, 1 (a).
Fierce, fiery warriors fought upon the clouds, In ranks and
squadrons and right form of war. Shak.
3. Grade of official standing, as in the army, navy, or nobility; as,
the rank of general; the rank of admiral.
4. An aggregate of individuals classed together; a permanent social
class; an order; a division; as, ranks and orders of men; the highest
and the lowest ranks of men, or of other intelligent beings.
5. Degree of dignity, eminence, or excellence; position in civil or
social life; station; degree; grade; as, a writer of the first rank; a
lawyer of high rank.
These all are virtues of a meaner rank. Addison.
6. Elevated grade or standing; high degree; high social position;
distinction; eminence; as, a man of rank.
Rank and file. (a) (Mil.) The whole body of common soldiers, including
also corporals. In a more extended sense, it includes sergeants also,
excepting the noncommissioned staff.<-- analogously, the lowest
ranking members of any organization --> (b) See under 1st File. -- The
ranks, the order or grade of common soldiers; as, to reduce a
noncommissioned officer to the ranks. -- To fill the ranks, to supply
the whole number, or a competent number. -- To take rank of, to have
precedence over, or to have the right of taking a higher place
than.<-- pull rank, to insist on one's own prerogative or plan of
action, by right of a higher rank than that of one suggesting a
different plan -->
Rank
Rank, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ranked (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ranking,]
1. To place abreast, or in a line.
2. To range in a particular class, order, or division; to class; also,
to dispose methodically; to place in suitable classes or order; to
classify.
Ranking all things under general and special heads. I. Watts.
Poets were ranked in the class of philosophers. Broome.
Heresy is ranked with idolatry and witchcraft. Dr. H. More.
3. To take rank of; to outrank. [U.S.]
Rank
Rank, v. i.
1. To be ranged; to be set or disposed, an in a particular degree,
class, order, or division.
Let that one article rank with the rest. Shak.
2. To have a certain grade or degree of elevation in the orders of
civil or military life; to have a certain degree of esteem or
consideration; as, he ranks with the first class of poets; he ranks
high in public estimation.
Ranker
Rank"er (?), n. One who ranks, or disposes in ranks; one who arranges.
Rankle
Ran"kle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rankled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rankling
(?).] [From Rank, a.]
1. To become, or be, rank; to grow rank or strong; to be inflamed; to
fester; -- used literally and figuratively.
A malady that burns and rankles inward. Rowe.
This would have left a rankling wound in the hearts of the people.
Burke.
2. To produce a festering or inflamed effect; to cause a sore; -- used
literally and figuratively; as, a splinter rankles in the flesh; the
words rankled in his bosom.
Rankle
Ran"kle (?), v. t. To cause to fester; to make sore; to inflame. [R.]
Beau. & Fl.
Rankly
Rank"ly (?), adv. With rank or vigorous growth; luxuriantly; hence,
coarsely; grossly; as, weeds grow rankly.
Rankness
Rank"ness, n. [AS. rancness pride.] The condition or quality of being
rank.
Rannel
Ran"nel (?), n. A prostitute. [Obs.]
Ranny
Ran"ny (?), n. [L. araneus mus, a kind of small mouse.] (Zo\'94l.) The
erd shrew. [Scot.]
Ransack
Ran"sack (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ransacked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ransacking.] [OE. ransaken, Icel, rannsaka to explore, examine; rann a
house (akin to Goth. razn house, AS. r\'91sn plank, beam) + the root
of s\'91kja to seek, akin to E. seek. See Seek, and cf. Rest repose.]
1. To search thoroughly; to search every place or part of; as, to
ransack a house.
To ransack every corner of their . . . hearts. South.
2. To plunder; to pillage completely.
Their vow is made To ransack Troy. Shak.
3. To violate; to ravish; to defiour. [Obs.]
Rich spoil of ransacked chastity. Spenser.
Ransack
Ran"sack, v. i. To make a thorough search.
To ransack in the tas [heap] of bodies dead. Chaucer.
Ransack
Ran"sack, n. The act of ransacking, or state of being ransacked;
pillage. [R.]
Even your father's house Shall not be free fromransack. J. Webster.
Ransom
Ran"som (?), n. [OE. raunson, raunsoun, OF. ran&cced;on, raen&cced;on,
raan&cced;on, F. ran&cced;on, fr. L. redemptio, fr. redimere to
redeem. See Redeem, and cf. Redemption.]
1. The release of a captive, or of captive, or of captured property,
by payment of a consideration; redemption; as, prisoners hopeless of
ransom. Dryden.
2. The money or price paid for the redemption of a prisoner, or for
goods captured by an enemy; payment for freedom from restraint,
penalty, or forfeit.
Thy ransom paid, which man from death redeems. Milton.
His captivity in Austria, and the heavy ransom he paid for his
liberty. Sir J. Davies/.
3. (O. Eng. Law) A sum paid for the pardon of some great offense and
the discharge of the offender; also, a fine paid in lieu of corporal
punishment. Blackstone.
Ransom bill (Law), a war contract, valid by the law of nations, for
the ransom of property captured at sea and its safe conduct into port.
Kent.
Ransom
Ran"som, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ransomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ransoming.]
[Cf. F. ran&cced;onner. See Ransom, n.]
1. To redeem from captivity, servitude, punishment, or forfeit, by
paying a price; to buy out of servitude or penalty; to rescue; to
deliver; as, to ransom prisoners from an enemy.
2. To exact a ransom for, or a payment on. [R.]
Such lands as he had rule of he ransomed them so grievously, and
would tax the men two or three times in a year. Berners.
Ransomable
Ran"som*a*ble (?), a. Such as can be ransomed.
Ransomer
Ran"som*er (?), n. One who ransoms or redeems.
Ransomless
Ran"som*less, a. Incapable of being ransomed; without ransom. Shak.
Rant
Rant (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ranted; p. pr. & vb. n. Ranting.] [OD.
ranten, randen, to dote, to be enraged.] To rave in violent,
high-sounding, or extravagant language, without dignity of thought; to
be noisy, boisterous, and bombastic in talk or declamation; as, a
ranting preacher.
Look where my ranting host of the Garter comes! Shak.
Rant
Rant, n. High-sounding language, without importance or dignity of
thought; boisterous, empty declamation; bombast; as, the rant of
fanatics.
This is a stoical rant, without any foundation in the nature of man
or reason of things. Atterbury.
Ranter
Rant"er (?), n.
1. A noisy talker; a raving declaimer.
2. (Eccl. Hist.) (a) One of a religious sect which sprung up in 1645;
-- called also Seekers. See Seeker. (b) One of the Primitive
Methodists, who seceded from the Wesleyan Methodists on the ground of
their deficiency in fervor and zeal; -- so called in contempt.
Ranterism
Rant"er*ism (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) The practice or tenets of the
Ranters.
Rantingly
Rant"ing*ly, adv. In a ranting manner.
Rantipole
Rant"i*pole (?), n. [Ranty + pole, poll, head.] A wild, romping young
person. [Low] Marrya
Rantipole
Rant"i*pole, a. Wild; roving; rakish. [Low]
Rantipole
Rant"i*pole, v. i. To act like a rantipole. [Low]
She used to rantipole about the house. Arbuthnot.
Rantism
Rant"ism (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) Ranterism.
Ranty
Rant"y (?), a. Wild; noisy; boisterous.
Ranula
Ran"u*la (?), n. [L., a little frog, a little swelling on the tongue
of cattle, dim. of rana a frog.] (Med.) A cyst formed under the tongue
by obstruction of the duct of the submaxillary gland.
Ranunculaceous
Ra*nun`cu*la"ceous (?), a. [See Ranunculus.] (Bot.) Of or pertaining
to a natural order of plants (Ranunculace\'91), of which the buttercup
is the type, and which includes also the virgin's bower, the
monkshood, larkspur, anemone, meadow rue, and peony.
Ranunculus
Ra*nun`cu*lus (?), n.; pl. E. Ranunculuses (#), L. Ranunculi (#). [L.,
a little frog, a medicinal plant, perhaps crowfoot, dim. of rana a
frog; cf. raccare to roar.] (Bot.) A genus of herbs, mostly with
yellow flowers, including crowfoot, buttercups, and the cultivated
ranunculi (R. Asiaticus, R. aconitifolius, etc.) in which the flowers
are double and of various colors.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1189
Ranz des vaches
Ranz" des` vaches" (?). [F., the ranks or rows of cows, the name being
given from the fact that the cattle, when answering the musical call
of their keeper, move towards him in a row, preceded by those wearing
bells.] The name for numerous simple, but very irregular, melodies of
the Swiss mountaineers, blown on a long tube called the Alpine horn,
and sometimes sung.
Rap
Rap (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A lay or skein containing 120 yards
of yarn. Knight.
Rap
Rap, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rapped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rapping.] [Akin
to Sw. rappa to strike, rapp stroke, Dan. rap, perhaps of imitative
origin.] To strike with a quick, sharp blow; to knock; as, to rap on
the door.
Rap
Rap, v. t.
1. To strike with a quick blow; to knock on.
With one great peal they rap the door. Prior.
2. (Founding) To free (a pattern) in a mold by light blows on the
pattern, so as to facilitate its removal.
Rap
Rap, n. A quick, smart blow; a knock.
Rap
Rap, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rapped (?), usually written Rapt; p. pr. &
vb. n. Rapping.] [OE. rapen; akin to LG. & D. rapen to snatch, G.
raffen, Sw. rappa; cf. Dan. rappe sig to make haste, and Icel. hrapa
to fall, to rush, hurry. The word has been confused with L. rapere to
seize. Cf. Rape robbery, Rapture, Raff, v., Ramp, v.]
1. To snatch away; to seize and hurry off.
And through the Greeks and Ilians they rapt The whirring chariot.
Chapman.
From Oxford I was rapt by my nephew, Sir Edmund Bacon, to Redgrove.
Sir H. Wotton.
2. To hasten. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
3. To seize and bear away, as the mind or thoughts; to transport out
of one's self; to affect with ecstasy or rapture; as, rapt into
admiration.
I'm rapt with joy to see my Marcia's tears. Addison.
Rapt into future times, the bard begun. Pope.
4. To exchange; to truck. [Obs. & Law]
To rap and ren, To rap and rend. [Perhaps fr. Icel. hrapa to hurry and
r\'91na plunder, fr. r\'ben plunder, E. ran.] To seize and plunder; to
snatch by violence. Dryden. "[Ye] waste all that ye may rape and
renne." Chaucer.
All they could rap and rend pilfer. Hudibras.
-- To rap out, to utter with sudden violence, as an oath.
A judge who rapped out a great oath. Addison.
<-- 5. To engage in a discussion, converse; (b) (ca. 1985) to perform
a type of rhythmic talking, often with accompanying rhythm
instruments. -->
Rap
Rap, n. [Perhaps contr. fr. raparee.] A popular name for any of the
tokens that passed current for a half-penny in Ireland in the early
part of the eighteenth century; any coin of trifling value.
Many counterfeits passed about under the name of raps. Swift.
Tie it [her money] up so tight that you can't touch a rap,
save with her consent. Mrs. Alexander.
<-- 5. conversation, also rapping; (b) (ca. 1985) a type of
rhythmic talking, often with accompanying rhythm instruments; rap
music. -->
Not to care a rap, to care nothing. -- Not worth a rap, worth nothing.
Rapaces
Ra*pa"ces (?), n. pl. [NL. See Rapacious.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Accipitres.
Rapacious
Rapa"cious (?), a. [L. rapax, -acis, from rapere to seize and carry
off, to snatch away. See Rapid.]
1. Given to plunder; disposed or accustomed to seize by violence;
seizing by force. " The downfall of the rapacious and licentious
Knights Templar." Motley.
2. Accustomed to seize food; subsisting on prey, or animals seized by
violence,; as, a tiger is a rapacious animal; a rapacious bird.
3. Avaricious; grasping; extortionate; also, greedy; ravenous;
voracious; as, rapacious usurers; a rapacious appetite.
[Thy Lord] redeem thee from Death's rapacious claim Milton
. Syn. -- Greedy; grasping; ravenous; voracious. -- Ra*pa"cious*ly,
adv. -- Ra*pa"cious*ness, n.
Rapacity
Ra*pac"i*ty (?), n. [L. rapacitas: cf. F. rapacite. See Rapacious.]
1. The quality of being rapacious; rapaciousness; ravenousness; as,
the rapacity of pirates; the rapacity of wolves.
2. The act or practice of extorting or exacting by oppressive
injustice; exorbitant greediness of gain. "The rapacity of some ages."
Sprat.
Raparee
Rap`a*ree" (?), n. See Rapparee.
Rape
Rape (r&amac;p), n. [F. r\'83pe a grape stalk.]
1. Fruit, as grapes, plucked from the cluster. Ray.
2. The refuse stems and skins of grapes or raisins from which the must
has been expressed in wine making.
3. A filter containing the above refuse, used in clarifying and
perfecting malt, vinegar, etc.
Rape wine, a poor, thin wine made from the last dregs of pressed
grapes.
Rape
Rape, n. [Akin to rap to snatch, but confused with L. rapere. See Rap
to snatch.]
1. The act of seizing and carrying away by force; violent seizure;
robbery.<-- [Rare] -->
And ruined orphans of thy rapes complain. Sandys.
2. (Law) Sexual connection with a woman without her consent. See Age
of consent, under Consent, n. <-- (b) Any sexual intercourse forced on
a person, whether male or female (also called forcible rape, or sexual
assault, and sometimes, as a euphemism, criminal assault); Any sexual
intercourse performed with a person who is under the age of consent,
whether male or female, is statutory rape. -->
3. That which is snatched away. [Obs.]
Where now are all my hopes? O, never more. Shall they revive! nor
death her rapes restore. Sandys.
4. Movement, as in snatching; haste; hurry. [Obs.] <-- 5. (Fig.,
Colloq.) An action causing results harmful to a person or thing; as,
the rape of the land by mining companies. -->
Rape
Rape, v. t. To commit rape upon; to ravish. <-- 2. (Fig., Colloq.) To
perform an action causing results harmful or very unpleasant to a
person or thing; as, women raped first by their assailant, and then by
the Justice system. Corresponds to 2nd rape, n. 5. --> To rape and
ren. See under Rap, v. t., to snatch.
Rape
Rape, v. i. To rob; to pillage. [Obs.] Heywood.
Rape
Rape, n. [Icel. hreppr village, district; cf. Icel. hreppa to catch,
obtain, AS. hrepian, hreppan, to touch.] One of six divisions of the
county of Sussex, England, intermediate between a hundred and a shire.
Rape
Rape, n. [L. rapa, rapum, akin to Gr. r\'81be.] (Bot.) A name given to
a variety or to varieties of a plant of the turnip kind, grown for
seeds and herbage. The seeds are used for the production of rape oil,
and to a limited extent for the food of cage birds.
NOTE: &hand; Th ese pl ants, wi th th e ed ible tu rnip, ha ve been
variously named, but are all now believed to be derived from the
Brassica campestris of Europe, which by some is not considered
distinct from the wild stock (B. oleracea) of the cabbage. See
Cole.
Broom rape. (Bot.) See Broom rape, in the Vocabulary. -- Rape cake,
the refuse remaining after the oil has been expressed from the seed.
-- Rape root. Same as Rape. -- Summer rape. (Bot.) See Colza.
Rapeful
Rape"ful (?), a.
1. Violent. [Obs.]
2. Given to the commission of rape. Byron.
Rapfully
Rap"ful*ly (?), adv. Violently. [Obs.]
Raphaelesque
Raph`a*el*esque" (?), a. Like Raphael's works; in Raphael's manner of
painting.
Raphaelism
Raph"a*el*ism (?), n. The principles of painting introduced by
Raphael, the Italian painter.
Raphaelite
Raph"a*el*ite (?), n. One who advocates or adopts the principles of
Raphaelism.
Raphany
Raph"a*ny (?), n. [Cf. F. raphanie.] (Med.) A convulsive disease,
attended with ravenous hunger, not uncommon in Sweden and Germany. It
was so called because supposed to be caused by eating corn with which
seeds of jointed charlock (Raphanus raphanistrum) had been mixed, but
the condition is now known to be a form of ergotism.
Raphe
Ra"phe (r&amac;"f&esl;), n. [NL., fr. Gr.
1. (Anat.) A line, ridge, furrow, or band of fibers, especially in the
median line; as, the raphe of the tongue.
2. (Bot.) Same as Rhaph.
Raphides
Raph"i*des (?), n. pl. [F. raphide.] (Bot.) See Rhaphides.
Rapid
Rap"id (?), a. [L. rapidus, fr. rapere to seize and carry off, to
snatch or hurry away; perhaps akin to Gr. rapide. Cf. Harpy, Ravish.]
1. Very swift or quick; moving with celerity; fast; as, a rapid
stream; a rapid flight; a rapid motion.
Ascend my chariot; guide the rapid wheels. Milton.
2. Advancing with haste or speed; speedy in progression; in quick
sequence; as, rapid growth; rapid improvement; rapid recurrence; rapid
succession.
3. Quick in execution; as, a rapid penman.
Rapid
Rap"id, n. [Cf. F. rapide. See Rapid, a.] The part of a river where
the current moves with great swiftness, but without actual waterfall
or cascade; -- usually in the plural; as, the Lachine rapids in the
St. Lawrence.<-- sometimes called whitewater -->
Row, brothers, row the stream runs fast, The rapids are near, and
the daylight's past. Moore.
Rapidity
Ra*pid"i*ty (?), n. [L. rapiditas: cf. F. rapidit\'82.] The quality or
state of being rapid; swiftness; celerity; velocity; as, the rapidity
of growth or improvement. Syn. -- -- Rapidness; haste; speed;
celerity; velocity; swiftness; fleetness; quickness; agility.
Rapidly
Rap"id*ly (?), adv. In a rapid manner.
Rapidness
Rap"id*ness, n. Quality of being rapid; rapidity.
Rapier
Ra"pi*er (?), n. [F. rapi\'8are, perhaps for raspi\'8are, and
ultimately of German origin, akin to E. rasp, v.] A straight sword,
with a narrow and finely pointed blade, used only for thrusting.
Rapier fish (Zo\'94l.), the swordfish. [Obs.] Grew.
Rapiered
Ra"pi*ered (?), a. Wearing a rapier. "Scarletcoated, rapiered
figures." Lowell.
Rapilli
Ra*pil"li (?), n. pl. [It.] (Min.) Lapilli.
Rapine
Rap"ine (?), n. [F. rapine; cf. Pr. & It. rapina; all fr. L. rapina,
fr. rapere to seize and carry off by force. See Rapid, and cf. Raven
rapine.]
1. The act of plundering; the seizing and carrying away of things by
force; spoliation; pillage; plunder.
Men who were impelled to war quite as much by the desire of rapine
as by the desire of glory. Macaulay.
2. Ravishment; rape. [Obs.] Shak.
Rapine
Rap"ine, v. t. To plunder. Sir G. Buck.
Rapinous
Rap"i*nous (?), a. Given to rapine. [Obs.]
Rappage
Rap"page (?), n. (Founding) The enlargement of a molt caused by
rapping the pattern.
Rapparee
Rap`pa*ree" (?), n. A wild Irish plunderer, esp. one of the 17th
century; -- so called from his carrying a half-pike, called a rapary.
[Written also raparee.]
Rapped
Rapped (r&acr;pt), imp. & p. p. of Rap, to strike.
Rapped
Rapped, imp. & p. p. of Rap, to snatch away.
Rappee
Rap*pee" (?), n. [F. r\'83p\'82, fr. r\'83per to grate, to rasp. See
Rasp, v.] A pungent kind of snuff made from the darker and ranker
kinds of tobacco leaves.
Rappel
Rap"pel (?), n. [F. Cf. Repeal.] (Mil.) The beat of the drum to call
soldiers to arms.
Rapper
Rap"per (?), n. [From Rap.]
1. One who, or that which, raps or knocks; specifically, the knocker
of a door. Sterne.
2. A forcible oath or lie. [Slang] Bp. Parker. <-- 3. A musician
specializing in rap music. -->
Rapport
Rap*port" (?), n. [F., fr. rapporter to bring again or back, to refer;
pref. re- re- + apporter to bring, L. apporter to bring, L. apportare.
Cf. Report.] Relation; proportion; conformity; correspondence; accord.
'T is obvious what rapport there is between the conceptions and
languages in every country. Sir W. Temple.
En` rap`port" ( [F.], in accord, harmony, or sympathy; having a
mutual, especially a private, understanding; in mesmerism, in that
relation of sympathy which permits influence or communication.
Rapscallion
Rap*scal"lion (?), n. [See Rascallion.] A rascal; a good-for-nothing
fellow. [Colloq.] Howitt.
Rapt
Rapt (?), imp. & p. p. of Rap, to snatch away.
Rapt
Rapt, a.
1. Snatched away; hurried away or along.
Waters rapt with whirling away. Spenser.
2. Transported with love, admiration, delight, etc.; enraptured. "The
rapt musician." Longfellow.
3. Wholly absorbed or engrossed, as in work or meditation. "Rapt in
secret studies." Shak.
Rapt
Rapt, n. [From F. rapt abduction, rape, L. raptus, fr. rapere to seize
and carry off, to transport; or fr. E. rapt, a. See Rapt, a., and
Rapid.]
1. An ecstasy; a trance. [Obs.] Bp. Morton.
2. Rapidity. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Rapt
Rapt, v. i.
1. To transport or ravish. [Obs.] Drayton.
2. To carry away by force. [Obs.] Daniel.
Rapter
Rap"ter (?), n. A raptor. [Obs.] Drayton.
Raptor
Rap"tor (?), n. [L. raptor, from rapere to ravish. See Rapid.] A
ravisher; a plunderer. [Obs.]
Raptores
Rap*to"res (?), n. pl. [NL. See Raptor.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as
Accipitres. Called also Raptatores.
Raptorial
Rap*to"ri*al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Rapacious; living upon prey; --
said especially of certain birds. (b) Adapted for seizing prey; --
said of the legs, claws, etc., of insects, birds, and other animals.
(c) Of or pertaining to the Raptores. See Illust. (f) of Aves.
Raptorious
Rap*to"ri*ous (?), a. [L. raptorius.] (Zo\'94l.) Raptorial.
Rapture
Rap"ture (?), n. [L. rapere, raptum, to carry off by force. See
Rapid.]
1. A seizing by violence; a hurrying along; rapidity with violence.
[Obs.]
That 'gainst a rock, or flat, her keel did dash With headlong
rapture. Chapman.
2. The state or condition of being rapt, or carried away from one's
self by agreeable excitement; violence of a pleasing passion; extreme
joy or pleasure; ecstasy.
Music, when thus applied, raises in the mind of the hearer great
conceptions; it strengthens devotion, and advances praise into
rapture. Addison.
You grow correct that once with rapture writ. Pope.
3. A spasm; a fit; a syncope; delirium. [Obs.] Shak. Syn. -- Bliss;
ecstasy; transport; delight; exultation.
Rapture
Rap"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raptured (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rapturing.] To transport with excitement; to enrapture. [Poetic]
Thomson.
Rapturist
Rap"tur*ist, n. An enthusiast. [Obs.] J. Spencer.
Rapturize
Rap"tur*ize (?), v. i. & i. To put, or be put, in a state of rapture.
[R.]
Rapturous
Rap"tur*ous (?), a. Ecstatic; transporting; ravishing; feeling,
expressing, or manifesting rapture; as, rapturous joy, pleasure, or
delight; rapturous applause.
Rapturously
Rap"tur*ous*ly, adv. In a rapturous manner.
Rare
Rare (?), a. [Cf. Rather, Rath.] Early. [Obs.]
Rude mechanicals that rare and late Work in the market place.
Chapman.
Rare
Rare, a. [Compar. Rarer; superl. Rarest.] [Cf. AS. hr&emac;r, or E.
rare early.] Nearly raw; partially cooked; not thoroughly cooked;
underdone; as, rare beef or mutton.
New-laid eggs, which Baucis' busy care Turned by a gentle fire, and
roasted rare. Dryden.
NOTE: &hand; Th is wo rd is in common use in the United States, but
in England its synonym underdone is preferred.
Rare
Rare, a. [Compar. Rarer (?); superl. Rarest.] [F., fr. L. rarus thin,
rare.]
1. Not frequent; seldom met with or occurring; unusual; as, a rare
event.
2. Of an uncommon nature; unusually excellent; valuable to a degree
seldom found.
Rare work, all filled with terror and delight. Cowley.
Above the rest I judge one beauty rare. Dryden.
3. Thinly scattered; dispersed.
Those rare and solitary, three in flocks. Milton.
4. Characterized by wide separation of parts; of loose texture; not
thick or dense; thin; as, a rare atmosphere at high elevations.
Water is nineteen times lighter, and by consequence nineteen times
rarer, than gold. Sir I. Newton.
Syn. -- Scarce; infrequent; unusual; uncommon; singular;
extraordinary; incomparable. -- Rare, Scarce. We call a thing rare
when but few examples, specimens, or instances of it are ever to be
met with; as, a rare plant. We speak of a thing as scarce, which,
though usually abundant, is for the time being to be had only in
diminished quantities; as, a bad harvest makes corn scarce.
A perfect union of wit and judgment is one of the rarest things in
the world. Burke.
When any particular piece of money grew very scarce, it was often
recoined by a succeeding emperor. Addison.
Rarebit
Rare"bit (?), n. A dainty morsel; a Welsh rabbit. See Welsh rabbit,
under Rabbit.
Raree-show
Rar"ee-show` (?), n. [Contr. fr. rarity-show.] A show carried about in
a box; a peep show. Pope.
Rarefaction
Rar`e*fac"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. rar\'82faction. See Rarefy.] The act or
process of rarefying; the state of being rarefied; -- opposed to
condensation; as, the rarefaction of air.
Rarefiable
Rar"e*fi`a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. rar\'82fiable.] Capable of being
rarefied. Boyle.
Rarefy
Rar"e*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rarefied (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rarefying (?).] [F. rar\'82fier; L. rarus rare + -ficare (in comp.) to
make; cf. L. rarefacere. See -fy.] To make rare, thin, porous, or less
dense; to expand or enlarge without adding any new portion of matter
to; -- opposed to condense.
Rarefy
Rar"e*fy, v. i. To become less dense; to become thin and porous.
"Earth rarefies to dew." Dryden.
Rarely
Rare"ly (?), adv.
1. In a rare manner or degree; seldom; not often; as, things rarely
seen.
2. Finely; excellently; with rare skill. See 3d Rare, 2.
The person who played so rarely on the flageolet. Sir W. Scott.
The rest of the spartments are rarely gilded. Evelyn.
Rareness
Rare"ness, n. The state or quality of being rare.
And let the rareness the small gift commend. Dryden.
Rareripe
Rare"ripe` (?), a. [Rare early + ripe. Cf. Rathripe.] Early ripe; ripe
before others, or before the usual season.
Rareripe
Rare"ripe`, n. An early ripening fruit, especially a kind of freestone
peach.
Rarification
Rar`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. See Rarefaction. [R.] Am. Chem. Journal.
Rarity
Rar"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Rarities (#). [L. raritas: cf. F. raret\'82. See
Rare.]
1. The quality or state of being rare; rareness; thinness; as, the
rarity (contrasted with the density) of gases.
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2. That which is rare; an uncommon thing; a thing valued for its
scarcity.
I saw three rarities of different kinds, which pleased me more than
any other shows in the place. Addison.
Ras
Ras (?), n. See 2d Reis.
Rasante
Ra`sante" (?), a. [F., p. pr. of raser to graze.] (Fort.) Sweeping;
grazing; -- applied to a style of fortification in which the command
of the works over each other, and over the country, is kept very low,
in order that the shot may more effectually sweep or graze the ground
before them. H. L. Scott.
Rascal
Ras"cal (?), n. [OE. rascaille rabble, probably from an OF. racaille,
F. racaille the rabble, rubbish, probably akin to F. racler to scrape,
(assumed) LL. rasiculare, rasicare, fr. L. radere, rasum. See Rase,
v.]
1. One of the rabble; a low, common sort of person or creature;
collectively, the rabble; the common herd; also, a lean,
ill-conditioned beast, esp. a deer. [Obs.]
He smote of the people seventy men, and fifty thousand of the
rascal. Wyclif (1 Kings [1 Samuel] vi. 19).
Poor men alone? No, no; the noblest deer hath them [horns] as huge
as the rascal. Shak.
2. A mean, trickish fellow; a base, dishonest person; a rogue; a
scoundrel; a trickster.
For I have sense to serve my turn in store, And he's a rascal who
pretends to more. Dryden.
Rascal
Ras`cal, a. Of or pertaining to the common herd or common people; low;
mean; base. "The rascal many." Spencer. "The rascal people." Shak.
While she called me rascal fiddler. Shak.
Rascaldom
Ras"cal*dom (?), n. State of being a rascal; rascality; domain of
rascals; rascals, collectively. Emerson.
Rascaless
Ras"cal*ess, n. A female rascal. [Humorous]
Rascality
Ras*cal`i*ty (?), n.; pl. Rascalities (
1. The quality or state of being rascally, or a rascal; mean
trickishness or dishonesty; base fraud.
2. The poorer and lower classes of people.[Obs.]
The chief heads of their clans with their several rascalities T.
Jackson.
Rascallion
Ras*cal"lion (?), n. [From Rascal] A low, mean wretch [Written also
rascalion.]<-- now rapscalion -->
Rascally
Ras"cal*ly (?), a. Like a rascal; trickish or dishonest; base;
worthless; -- often in humorous disparagement, without implication of
dishonesty.
Our rascally porter is fallen fast asleep. Swift.
Rase
Rase (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rasing.] [F.
raser, LL. rasare to scrape often, v. freq. fr. L. radere, rasum, to
scrape, shave; cf. Skr. rad to scratch, gnaw, L. rodere to gnaw. Cf.
Raze, Razee, Razor, Rodent.]
1. To rub along the surface of; to graze.[Obsoles.]
Was he not in the . . . neighborhood to death? and might not the
bullet which rased his cheek have gone into his head? South.
Sometimes his feet rased the surface of water, and at others the
skylight almost flattened his nose. Beckford.
2. To rub or scratch out; to erase. [Obsoles.]
Except we rase the faculty of memory, root and branch, out of our
mind. Fuller.
3. To level with the ground; to overthrow; to destroy; to raze. [In
this sense rase is generally used.]
Till Troy were by their brave hands rased, They would not turn
home. Chapman.
NOTE: &hand; This word, rase, may be considered as nearly obsolete;
graze, erase, and raze, having superseded it.
Rasing iron, a tool for removing old oakum and pitch from the seams of
a vessel. Syn. -- To erase; efface; obliterate; expunge; cancel;
level; prostrate; overthrow; subvert; destroy; demolish; ruin.
Rase
Rase, v. i. To be leveled with the ground; to fall; to suffer
overthrow. [Obs.]
Rase
Rase, n.
1. A scratching out, or erasure. [Obs.]
2. A slight wound; a scratch. [Obs.] Hooker.
3. (O. Eng. Law) A way of measuring in which the commodity measured
was made even with the top of the measuring vessel by rasing, or
striking off, all that was above it. Burrill.
Rash
Rash (?), v. t. [For arace]
1. To pull off or pluck violently. [Obs.]
2. To slash; to hack; to slice. [Obs.]
Rushing of helms and riving plates asunder. Spenser.
Rash
Rash, n. [OF. rashe an eruption, scurf, F. rache; fr. (assumed) LL.
rasicare to scratch, fr. L. radere, rasum, to scrape, scratch, shave.
See Rase, and cf. Rascal.] (Med.) A fine eruption or efflorescence on
the body, with little or no elevation. Canker rash. See in the
Vocabulary. -- Nettle rash. See Urticaria. -- Rose rash. See Roseola.
-- Tooth rash. See Red-gum.
Rash
Rash, n. [Cf. F. ras short-nap cloth, It. & Sp. raso satin (cf. Rase);
or cf. It. rascia serge, G. rasch, probably fr. Arras in France (cf.
Arras).] An inferior kind of silk, or mixture of silk and worsted.
[Obs.] Donne.
Rash
Rash, a. [Compar. Rasher (?); superl. Rashest.] [Probably of Scand.
origin; cf. Dan. & Sw. rask quick, brisk, rash, Icel. r\'94skr
vigorous, brave, akin to D. & G. rasch quick, of uncertain origin.]
1. Sudden in action; quick; hasty. [Obs.] "Strong as aconitum or rash
gunpowder." Shak.
2. Requiring sudden action; pressing; urgent. [Obs.]
I scarce have leisure to salute you, My matter is so rash. Shak.
3. Esp., overhasty in counsel or action; precipitate; resolving or
entering on a project or measure without due deliberation and caution;
opposed to prudent; said of persons; as, a rash statesman or
commander.
4. Uttered or undertaken with too much haste or too little reflection;
as, rash words; rash measures.
5. So dry as to fall out of the ear with handling, as corn. [Prov.
Eng.] Syn. -- Precipitate; headlong; headstrong; foolhardy; hasty;
indiscreet; heedless; thoughtless; incautious; careless;
inconsiderate; unwary. -- Rash, Adventurous, Foolhardy. A man is
adventurous who incurs risk or hazard from a love of the arduous and
the bold. A man is rash who does it from the mere impulse of his
feelings, without counting the cost. A man is foolhardy who throws
himself into danger in disregard or defiance of the consequences.
Was never known a more adventurous knight. Dryden.
Her rush hand in evil hour Forth reaching to the fruit, she
plucked, she eat. Milton.
If any yet to be foolhardy To expose themselves to vain jeopardy;
If they come wounded off, and lame, No honors got by such a maim.
Hudibras.
Rash
Rash (?), v. t. To prepare with haste. [Obs.] Foxe.
Rasher
Rash"er (?), n. [In sense 1, probably fr. rash, a., as being hastily
cooked.]
1. A thin slice of bacon.
2. (Zo\'94l.) A California rockfish (Sebastichthys miniatus).
Rashful
Rash"ful (?), a. Rash; hasty; precipitate. [Obs.]
Rashling
Rash"ling (?), n. A rash person. [Obs.]
Rashly
Rash"ly, adv. In a rush manner; with precipitation.
He that doth anything rashly, must do it willingly; for he was free
to deliberate or not. L'Estrange.
Rashness
Rash"ness, n. The quality of state of being rash.
We offend . . . by rashness, which is an affirming or denying,
before we have sufficiently informed ourselves. South.
Syn. -- Temerity; foolhardiness; precipitancy; precipitation;
hastiness; indiscretion; heedlessness; inconsideration; carelessness.
See Temerity.
Raskolnik
Ras*kol"nik (?), n. [Russ. rascolenik' schismatic, heretic.] (Eccl.)
One of the separatists or dissenters from the established or Greek
church in Russia. [Written also rascolnik.]
Rasores
Ra*so`res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. radere, rasum, to scratch. See
Rase, v. t.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of birds; the Gallin\'91.
NOTE: &hand; Fo rmely, th e word Rasores was used in a wider sense,
so as to include other birds now widely separated in
classification.
Rasorial
Ra*so"ri*al (?; 277), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Rasores,
or gallinaceous birds, as the peacock, domestic fowl, patridge, and
the like.
Rasour
Ra"sour (?), n. Rasor. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Rasp
Rasp (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rasped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rasping.]
[OF. rasper, F. r\'83per, to scrape, grate, rasp, fr. OHG. rasp&omac;n
to scrape together, to collect, probably akin to E. rap. Cf. Rap to
snatch.]
1. To rub or file with a rasp; to rub or grate with a rough file; as,
to rasp wood to make it smooth; to rasp bones to powder.
2. Hence, figuratively: To grate harshly upon; to offend by coarse or
rough treatment or language; as, some sounds rasp the ear; his insults
rasped my temper.
Rasp
Rasp, n. [OE. raspe, OF. raspe, F. r\'83pe. See Rasp, v.]
1. A coarse file, on which the cutting prominences are distinct points
raised by the oblique stroke of a sharp punch, instead of lines raised
by a chisel, as on the true file.
2. The raspberry. [Obs.] "Set sorrel amongst rasps, and the rasps will
be smaller." Bacon.
Rasp palm (Bot.), a Brazilian palm tree (Iriartea exorhiza) which has
strong a\'89rial roots like a screw pine. The roots have a hard, rough
surface, and are used by the natives for graters and rasps, whence the
common name.
Raspatorium
Ras`pa*to"ri*um (?), n. [LL.] See Raspatory.
Raspatory
Rasp"a*to*ry (?), n. [LL. raspatorium: cf. F. raspatoir. See Rasp, v.]
A surgeon's rasp. Wiseman.
Raspberry
Rasp"ber*ry (?; 277), n, [From E. rasp, in allusion to the apparent
roughness of the fruit.] (Bot.) (a) The thimble-shaped fruit of the
Rubus Id\'91us and other similar brambles; as, the black, the red and
the white raspberry. (b) The shrub bearing this fruit.
NOTE: &hand; Te chnically, ra spberries are those brambles in which
the fruit separates readily from the core or receptacle, in this
differing from the blackberries, in which the fruit is firmly
attached to the receptacle.
Rasper
Rasp"er (?), n. One who, or which, rasps; a scraper.
Raspis
Ras"pis (?), n. The raspberry. [Obs.] Langham.
Raspy
Rasp"y (?), a. Like a rasp, or the sound made by a rasp; grating. R.
D. Blackmore.
Rasse
Rasse (?), n. [Cf. Malay r\'besa taste, sensation.] (Zo\'94l.) A
carnivore (Viverricula Mallaccensis) allied to the civet but smaller,
native of China and the East Indies. It furnishes a perfume resembling
that of the civet, which is highly prized by the Javanese. Called also
Malacca weasel, and lesser civet.
Rasure
Ra"sure (?; 135), n. [L. rasura, fr. radere, rasum, to scrape, to
shave. See Rase, v.]
1. The act of rasing, scraping, or erasing; erasure; obliteration.
2. A mark by which a letter, word, or any part of a writing or print,
is erased, effaced, or obliterated; an erasure. Ayliffe.
Rat
Rat (?), n. [AS. r\'91t; akin to D. rat, OHG. rato, ratta, G. ratte,
ratze, OLG. ratta, LG. & Dan. rotte, Sw. r\'86tta, F. rat, Ir. & Gael
radan, Armor. raz, of unknown origin. Cf. Raccoon.]
1. (Zo\'94l.) One of the several species of small rodents of the genus
Mus and allied genera, larger than mice, that infest houses, stores,
and ships, especially the Norway, or brown, rat (M. Alexandrinus).
These were introduced into Anerica from the Old World.
2. A round and tapering mass of hair, or similar material, used by
women to support the puffs and rolls of their natural hair. [Local,
U.S.]
3. One who deserts his party or associates; hence, in the trades, one
who works for lower wages than those prescribed by a trades union.
[Cant]
NOTE: &hand; "I t so chanced that, not long after the accession of
the house of Hanover, some of the brown, that is the German or
Norway, rats, were first brought over to this country (in some
timber as is said); and being much stronger than the black, or,
till then, the common, rats, they in many places quite extirpated
the latter. The word (both the noun and the verb to rat) was first,
as we have seen, leveled at the converts to the government of
George the First, but has by degrees obtained a wide meaning, and
come to be applied to any sudden and mercenary change in politics."
Lord Mahon.
Bamboo rat (Zo\'94l.), any Indian rodent of the genus Rhizomys. --
Beaver rat, Coast rat. (Zo\'94l.) See under Beaver and Coast. -- Blind
rat (Zo\'94l.), the mole rat. -- Cotton rat (Zo\'94l.), a long-haired
rat (Sigmodon hispidus), native of the Southern United States and
Mexico. It makes its nest of cotton and is often injurious to the
crop. -- Ground rat. See Ground Pig, under Ground. -- Hedgehog rat.
See under Hedgehog. -- Kangaroo rat (Zo\'94l.), the potoroo. -- Norway
rat (Zo\'94l.), the common brown rat. See Rat. -- Pouched rat.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) See Pocket Gopher, under Pocket. (b) Any African rodent
of the genus Cricetomys. Rat Indians (Ethnol.), a tribe of Indians
dwelling near Fort Ukon, Alaska. They belong to Athabascan stock. --
Rat mole. (Zo\'94l.) See Mole rat, under Mole. -- Rat pit, an inclosed
space into which rats are put to be killed by a dog for sport. -- Rat
snake (Zo\'94l.), a large colubrine snake (Ptyas mucosus) very common
in India and Ceylon. It enters dwellings, and destroys rats, chickens,
etc. -- Spiny rat (Zo\'94l.), any South America rodent of the genus
Echinomys. -- To smell a rat. See under Smell. -- Wood rat (Zo\'94l.),
any American rat of the genus Neotoma, especially N. Floridana, common
in the Southern United States. Its feet and belly are white.
Rat
Rat, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Ratted; p. pr. & vb. n. Ratting.]
1. In English politics, to desert one's party from interested motives;
to forsake one's associates for one's own advantage; in the trades, to
work for less wages, or on other conditions, than those established by
a trades union.
Coleridge . . . incurred the reproach of having ratted, solely by
his inability to follow the friends of his early days. De Quincey.
2. To catch or kill rats. <-- rat on (someone), to inform on an
associate,to squeal. -->
Rata
Ra"ta (?), n. [Maori.] (Bot.) A New Zealand forest tree (Metrosideros
robusta), also, its hard dark red wood, used by the Maoris for paddles
and war clubs.
Ratability
Rat`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or state of being ratable.
Ratable
Rat"a*ble (?), a.
1. Capable of being rated, or set at a certain value.
Twenty or\'91 were ratable to [at] two marks of silver. Camden.
2. Liable to, or subjected by law to, taxation; as, ratable estate.
3. Made at a proportionate rate; as, ratable payments. --
Rat"a*ble*ness, n. -- Rat"a*bly, adv.
Ratafia
Rat`a*fi"a (?), n. [F., fr. Malay arak arrack + t\'bef\'c6a a spirit
distilled from molasses.] A spirituous liquor flavored with the
kernels of cherries, apricots, peaches, or other fruit, spiced, and
sweetened with sugar; -- a term applied to the liqueurs called noyau,
cura&cced;ao, etc. [Written also ratifia and ratafee.]
Ratan
Ra*tan" (?), n. See Rattan.
Ratany
Rat"a*ny (?), n. (Bot.) Same as Rhatany.
Rataplan
Ra`ta`plan" (?), n. [F.] The iterative sound of beating a drum, or of
a galloping horse.
Ratch
Ratch (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Rotche.
Ratch
Ratch (?), n. [See Rack the instrument, Ratchet.] A ratchet wheel, or
notched bar, with which a pawl or chick works.
Ratchel
Ratch"el (?), n. Gravelly stone. [Prov. Eng.]
Ratchet
Ratch"et (?), n. [Properly a diminutive from the same word as rack:
cf. F. rochet. See 2d Ratch, Rack the instrument.]
1. A pawl, click, or detent, for holding or propelling a ratchet
wheel, or ratch, etc.
2. A mechanism composed of a ratchet wheel, or ratch, and pawl. See
Ratchet wheel, below, and 2d Ratch.
Ratchet brace (Mech.), a boring brace, having a ratchet wheel and pawl
for rotating the tool by back and forth movements of the brace handle.
-- Ratchet drill, a portable machine for working a drill by hand,
consisting of a hand lever carrying at one end a drill holder which is
revolved by means of a ratchet wheel and pawl, by swinging the lever
back and forth. -- Ratchet wheel (Mach.), a circular wheel having
teeth, usually angular, with which a reciprocating pawl engages to
turn the wheel forward, or a stationary pawl to hold it from turning
backward. <-- illustr. Ratchet wheel and ilustr. of ratchet drill -->
NOTE: &hand; In the cut, the moving pawl c slides over the teeth in
one direction, but in returning, draws the wheel with it, while the
pawl d prevents it from turning in the contrary direction.
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Page 1191
Rate
Rate (?), v. t. & i. [Perh. fr. E. rate, v. t., to value at a certain
rate, to estimate, but more prob. fr. Sw. rata to find fault, to
blame, to despise, to hold cheap; cf. Icel. hrat refuse, hrati
rubbish.] To chide with vehemence; to scold; to censure violently.
Spencer.
Go, rate thy minions, proud, insulting boy! Shak.
Conscience is a check to beginners in sin, reclaiming them from it,
and rating them for it. Barrow.
Rate
Rate (?), n. [OF., fr. L. rata (sc. pars), fr. ratus reckoned, fixed
by calculation, p. p. of reri to reckon, to calculate. Cf. Reason.]
1. Established portion or measure; fixed allowance.
The one right feeble through the evil rate, Of food which in her
duress she had found. Spenser.
2. That which is established as a measure or criterion; degree;
standard; rank; proportion; ratio; as, a slow rate of movement; rate
of interest is the ratio of the interest to the principal, per annum.
Heretofore the rate and standard of wit was different from what it
is nowadays. South.
In this did his holiness and godliness appear above the rate and
pitch of other men's, in that he was so . . . merciful. Calamy.
Many of the horse could not march at that rate, nor come up soon
enough. Clarendon.
3. Variation; prise fixed with relation to a standard; cost; charge;
as, high or low rates of transportation.
They come at dear rates from Japan. Locke.
4. A tax or sum assessed by authority on property for public use,
according to its income or value; esp., in England, a local tax; as,
parish rates; town rates.
5. Order; arrangement. [Obs.]
Thus sat they all around in seemly rate. Spenser.
6. Ratification; approval. [R.] Chapman.
7. (Horol.) The gain or loss of a timepiece in a unit of time; as,
daily rate; hourly rate; etc.
8. (Naut.) (a) The order or class to which a war vessel belongs,
determined according to its size, armament, etc.; as, first rate,
second rate, etc. (b) The class of a merchant vessel for marine
insurance, determined by its relative safety as a risk, as A1, A2,
etc.
Rate
Rate, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rated; p. pr. & vb. n. Rating.]
1. To set a certain estimate on; to value at a certain price or
degree.
To rate a man by the nature of his companions is a rule frequent
indeed, but not infallible. South.
You seem not high enough your joys to rate. Dryden.
2. To assess for the payment of a rate or tax.
3. To settle the relative scale, rank, position, amount, value, or
quality of; as, to rate a ship; to rate a seaman; to rate a pension.
4. To ratify. [Obs.] "To rate the truce." Chapman.
To rate a chronometer, to ascertain the exact rate of its gain or loss
as compared with true time, so as to make an allowance or computation
depended thereon. Syn. -- To value; appraise; estimate; reckon.
Rate
Rate, v. i.
1. To be set or considered in a class; to have rank; as, the ship
rates as a ship of the line.
2. To make an estimate.
Rateable
Rate"a*ble (?), a. See Ratable.
Ratel
Ra"tel (?), n. [F.] (Zo\'94l.) Any carnivore of the genus Mellivora,
allied to the weasels and the skunks; -- called also honey badger.
NOTE: &hand; Se veral sp ecies ar e kn own in Africa and India. The
Cape ratel (M. Capensis) and the Indian ratel (M. Indica) are the
best known. The back is gray; the lower parts, face, and tail are
black. They are fond of honey, and rob the nests of wild bees.
Ratepayer
Rate"pay`er (?), n. One who pays rates or taxes.
Rater
Rat"er (?), n. One who rates or estimates.
Rater
Rat"er, n. One who rates or scolds.
Ratfish
Rat"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Rat-tail.
Rath
Rath (?), n. [Ir. rath.]
1. A hill or mound. [Ireland] Spencer.
2. A kind of ancient fortification found in Ireland.
Rath, Rathe
Rath, Rathe (?), a. [AS. hr\'91\'eb, hr\'91d, quick, akin to OHG.
hrad, Icel. hra\'ebr.] Coming before others, or before the usual time;
early. [Obs. or Poetic]
Bring the rathe primrose that forsaken dies. Milton.
Rath, Rathe
Rath, Rathe, adv. Early; soon; betimes. [Obs. or Poetic]
Why rise ye up so rathe? Chaucer.
Too rathe cut off by practice criminal. Spencer.
Rather
Rath"er (?), a. [Compar. of Rath, a.] Prior; earlier; former. [Obs.]
Now no man dwelleth at the rather town. Sir J. Mandeville.
Rather
Rath"er (?), adv. [AS. hra\'ebor, compar. of hra\'ebe, hr\'91\'ebe,
quickly, immediately. See Rath, a.]
1. Earlier; sooner; before. [Obs.]
Thou shalt, quod he, be rather false than I. Chaucer.
A good mean to come the rather to grace. Foxe.
2. More readily or willingly; preferably.
My soul chooseth . . . death rather than my life. Job vii. 15.
3. On the other hand; to the contrary of what was said or suggested;
instead.
Was nothing bettered, but rather grew worse. Mark v. 26.
4. Of two alternatives conceived of, by preference to, or as more
likely than, the other; somewhat.
He sought throughout the world, but sought in vain, And nowhere
finding, rather feared her slain. Dryden.
5. More properly; more correctly speaking.
This is an art Which does mend nature, change it rather, but The
art itself is nature. Shak.
6. In some degree; somewhat; as, the day is rather warm; the house is
rather damp.
The rather, the more so; especially; for better reason; for particular
cause.
You are come to me in happy time, The rather for I have some sport
in hand. Shak.
-- Had rather, OR Would rather, prefer to; prefers to; as, he had, OR
would, rather go than stay. "I had rather speak five words with my
understanding than ten thousands words in an unknown tongue." 1 Cor.
xiv. 19. See Had rather, under Had.
Rathripe
Rath"ripe` (?), a. Rareripe, or early ripe. -- n. A rareripe. [Obs. or
Prov. Eng.]
Such who delight in rathripe fruits. Fuller.
Ratification
Rat`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. ratification.] The act of ratifying;
the state of being ratified; confirmation; sanction; as, the
ratification of a treaty.
Ratifier
Rat"i*fi`er (?), n. One who, or that which, ratifies; a confirmer.
Shak.
Ratify
Rat"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ratified (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ratifying (?).] [F. ratifier, fr. L. ratus fixed by calculation, firm,
valid + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Rate, n., and -fy.] To approve
and sanction; to make valid; to establish; to settle; especially, to
give sanction to, as something done by an agent or servant; as, to
ratify an agreement, treaty, or contract; to ratify a nomination.
It is impossible for the divine power to set a seal to a lie by
ratifying an imposture with such a miracle. South.
Ratihabition
Rat`i*ha*bi"tion (?), n. [L. ratihabitio; ratus fixed, valid + habere
to hold.] Confirmation or approbation, as of an act or contract.
[Obs.] Jer. Tailor.
Ratio
Ra"ti*o (?), n. [L., fr. reri, ratus, to reckon, believe, think,
judge. See Reason.]
1. (Math.) The relation which one quantity or magnitude has to another
of the same kind. It is expressed by the quotient of the division of
the first by the second; thus, the ratio of 3 to 6 is expressed by or
; of a to b by a/b; or (less commonly) the second is made the
dividend; as, a:b = b/a.
NOTE: &hand; So me wr iters co nsider ratio as the quotient itself,
making ratio equivalent to a number. The term ratio is also
sometimes applied to the difference of two quantities as well as to
their quotient, in which case the former is called arithmetical
ratio, the latter, geometrical ratio. The name ratio is sometimes
given to the rule of three in arithmetic. See under Rule.
2. Hence, fixed relation of number, quantity, or degree; rate;
proportion; as, the ratio of representation in Congress.
Compound ratio, Duplicate ratio, Inverse ratio, etc. See under
Compound, Duplicate, etc. -- Ratio of a geometrical progression, the
constant quantity by which each term is multiplied to produce the
succeeding one.
Ratiocinate
Ra`ti*oc"i*nate (?), v. i. [L. ratiocinatus, p. p. of ratiocinari, fr.
ratio reason. See Ratio.] To reason, esp. deductively; to offer reason
or argument.
Ratiocination
Ra`ti*oc"i*na"tion (?), n. [L. ratiocinatio: cf. F. ratiocination.]
The process of reasoning, or deducing conclusions from premises;
deductive reasoning.
Ratiocinative
Ra`ti*oc"i*na*tive (?), a. [L. ratiocinativus.] Characterized by, or
addicted to, ratiocination; consisting in the comparison of
proportions or facts, and the deduction of inferences from the
comparison; argumentative; as, a ratiocinative process.
The ratiocinative meditativeness of his character. Coleridge.
Ratiocinatory
Ra`ti*oc"i*na*to*ry (?), a. Ratiocinative. [R.]
Ration
Ra"tion (?), n. [F., fr. L. ratio a reckoning, calculation, relation,
reference, LL. ratio ration. See Ratio.]
1. A fixed daily allowance of provisions assigned to a soldier in the
army, or a sailor in the navy, for his subsistence.
NOTE: &hand; Of ficers ha ve se veral ra tions, th e number varying
according to their rank or the number of their attendants.
2. Hence, a certain portion or fixed amount dealt out; an allowance;
an allotment.
Ration
Ra"tion, v. t. To supply with rations, as a regiment.
Rational
Ra"tion*al (?), a. [L. rationalis: cf. F. rationnel. See Ratio,
Reason, and cf. Rationale.]
1. Relating to reason; not physical; mental.
Moral philosophy was his chiefest end; for the rational, the
natural, and mathematics . . . were but simple pastimes in
comparison of the other. Sir T. North.
2. Having reason, or the faculty of reasoning; endowed with reason or
understanding; reasoning.
It is our glory and happiness to have a rational nature. Law.
3. Agreeable to reason; not absurd, preposterous, extravagant,
foolish, fanciful, or the like; wise; judicious; as, rational conduct;
a rational man.
4. (Chem.) Expressing the type, structure, relations, and reactions of
a compound; graphic; -- said of formul\'91. See under Formula.
Rational horizon. (Astron.) See Horizon, 2 (b). -- Rational quantity
(Alg. ), one that can be expressed without the use of a radical sign,
or in extract parts of unity; -- opposed to irrational or radical
quantity. -- Rational symptom (Med.), one elicited by the statements
of the patient himself and not as the result of a physical
examination. <-- rational drug design. --> Syn. -- Sane; sound;
intelligent; reasonable; sensible; wise; discreet; judicious. --
Rational, reasonable. Rational has reference to reason as a faculty of
the mind, and is opposed to traditional; as, a rational being, a
rational state of mind, rational views, etc. In these cases the
speculative reason is more particularly, referred to. Reasonable has
reference to the exercise of this faculty for practical purposes, and
means, governed or directed by reason; as, reasonable prospect of
success.
What higher in her society thou find'st Attractive, human,
rational, love still. Milton.
A law may be reasonable in itself, although a man does not allow
it, or does not know the reason of the lawgivers. Swift.
Rational
Ra"tion*al, n. A rational being. Young.
Rationale
Ra`tion*a"le (?), n. [L. rationalis, neut. rationale. See Rational,
a.] An explanation or exposition of the principles of some opinion,
action, hypothesis, phenomenon, or like; also, the principles
themselves.
Rationalism
Ra"tion*al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. rationalisme.]
1. (Theol.) The doctrine or system of those who deduce their religious
opinions from reason or the understanding, as distinct from, or
opposed to, revelation.
2. (Philos.) The system that makes rational power the ultimate test of
truth; -- opposed to sensualism, or sensationalism, and empiricism.
Fleming.
Rationalist
Ra"tion*al*ist, n. [Cf. F. rationaliste.] One who accepts rationalism
as a theory or system; also, disparagingly, a false reasoner. See
Citation under Reasonist.
Rationalistic, Rationalistical
Ra`tion*al*is"tic (?), Ra`tion*al*is"tic*al (?) a. Belonging to, or in
accordance with, the principles of rationalism. --
Ra`tion*al*is"tic*al*ly, adv.
Rationality
Ra`tion*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. -ties (#). [F. rationalit\'82, or L.
rationalitas.] The quality or state of being rational; agreement with
reason; possession of reason; due exercise of reason; reasonableness.
When God has made rationality the common portion of mankind, how
came it to be thy inclosure? Gov. of Tongue.
Well-directed intentions, whose rationalities will never bear a
rigid examination. Sir T. Browne.
Rationalization
Ra`tion*al*i*za"tion (?), n. The act or process of rationalizing.
Rationalize
Ra"tion*al*ize (?), v. t.
1. To make rational; also, to convert to rationalism.
2. To interpret in the manner of a rationalist.
3. To form a rational conception of.
4. (Alg.) To render rational; to free from radical signs or
quantities.
Rationalize
Ra"tion*al*ize, v. i. To use, and rely on, reason in forming a theory,
belief, etc., especially in matters of religion: to accord with the
principles of rationalism.
Theodore . . . is just considered the chief rationalizing doctor of
antiquity. J. H. Newman.
Rationally
Ra"tion*al*ly, adv. In a rational manner.
Rationalness
Ra"tion*al*ness, n. The quality or state of being rational;
rationality.
Ratit\'91
Ra*ti"t\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. ratis a raft; cf. L. ratitus
marked with the figure of a raft.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of birds in
which the wings are small, rudimentary, or absent, and the breastbone
is destitute of a keel. The ostrich, emu, and apteryx are examples.
Ratitate
Rat"i*tate (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Ratit\'91.
Ratite
Rat"ite (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Ratit\'91. -- n.
One of the Ratit\'91.
Ratlines, ratlins
Rat"lines, rat"lins, n. pl. [Of uncertain origin.] (Naut.) The small
transverse ropes attached to the shrouds and forming the steps of a
rope ladder. [Written also ratlings, and rattlings.] Totten.
Raton
Rat"on (?), n. [Cf. Raccoon.] A small rat. [Obs.] Piers Plowman.
Ratoon
Ra*toon" (?), n.
1. Same as Rattoon, n.
2. A rattan cane. [Obs.] Pepys.
Ratoon
Ra*toon", v. i. Same as Rattoon, v. i.
Ratsbane
Rats"bane (?), n. [Rat + bane.] Rat poison; white arsenic.
Ratsbaned
Rats"baned` (?), a. Poisoned by ratsbane.
Rat-tail
Rat"-tail` (?), a. Like a rat's tale in form; as, a rat-tail file,
which is round, slender, and tapering. See Illust. of File.
Rat-tail
Rat"-tail`, n.
1. (Far.) pl. An excrescence growing from the pastern to the middle of
the shank of a horse.
2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The California chim\'91ra. See Chim\'91ra. (b) Any
fish of the genus Macrurus. See Grenadier, 2.
Rat-tailed
Rat"-tailed` (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a long, tapering tail like that
of a rat. Rat-tailed larva (Zo\'94l.), the larva of a fly of the genus
Eristalis. See Eristalis. -- Rat-tailed serpent (Zo\'94l.), the
fer-de-lance. -- Rat-tailed shrew (Zo\'94l.), the musk shrew.
Rattan
Rat*tan" (?), n. [Malay r&omac;tan.] [Written also ratan.] (Bot. ) One
of the long slender flexible stems of several species of palms of the
genus Calamus, mostly East Indian, though some are African and
Australian. They are exceedingly tough, and are used for walking
sticks, wickerwork, chairs and seats of chairs, cords and cordage, and
many other purposes.
Ratteen
Rat*teen" (?), n. [F. ratine.] A thick woolen stuff quilled or
twilled.
Ratten
Rat"ten (?), v. t. [Prov. E. ratten a rat, hence the verb literally
means, to do mischief like a rat.] To deprive feloniously of the tools
used in one's employment (as by breaking or stealing them), for the
purpose of annoying; as, to ratten a mechanic who works during a
strike. [Trades-union Cant] J. McCarthy.
Ratter
Rat"ter (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, rats, as one who deserts his party.
2. Anything which catches rats; esp., a dog trained to catch rats; a
rat terrier. See Terrier.
Rattinet
Rat`ti*net" (?), n. A woolen stuff thinner than ratteen.
Ratting
Rat"ting (?), n.
1. The conduct or practices of one who rats. See Rat, v. i., 1. Sydney
Smith.
2. The low sport of setting a dog upon rats confined in a pit to see
how many he will kill in a given time.
Rattle
Rat"tle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rattled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rattling
(?).] [Akin to D. ratelen, G. rasseln, AS. hr\'91tele a rattle, in
hr\'91telwyrt rattlewort; cf. Gr. Rail a bird.]
1. To make a quick succession of sharp, inharmonious noises, as by the
collision of hard and not very sonorous bodies shaken together; to
clatter.
And the rude hail in rattling tempest forms. Addison.
'T was but the wind, Or the car rattling o'er the stony street.
Byron.
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Page 1192
2. To drive or ride briskly, so as to make a clattering; as, we
rattled along for a couple of miles. [Colloq.]
3. To make a clatter with a voice; to talk rapidly and idly; to
clatter; -- with on or away; as, she rattled on for an hour. [Colloq.]
Rattle
Rat"tle (?), v. t.
1. To cause to make a ratting or clattering sound; as, to rattle a
chain.
2. To assail, annoy, or stun with a ratting noise.
Sound but another [drum], and another shall As loud as thine rattle
the welkin's ear. Shak.
3. Hence, to disconcert; to confuse; as, to rattle one's judgment; to
rattle a player in a game. [Colloq.]
4. To scold; to rail at. L'Estrange.
To rattle off. (a) To tell glibly or noisily; as, to rattle off a
story. (b) To rail at; to scold. "She would sometimes rattle off her
servants sharply." Arbuthnot.
Rattle
Rat"tle, n.
1. A rapid succession of sharp, clattering sounds; as, the rattle of a
drum. Prior.
2. Noisy, rapid talk.
All this ado about the golden age is but an empty rattle and
frivolous conceit. Hakewill.
3. An instrument with which a ratting sound is made; especially, a
child's toy that rattle when shaken.
The rattles of Isis and the cymbals of Brasilea nearly enough
resemble each other. Sir W. Raleigh.
Pleased with a rattle, tickled with a straw. Pope.
4. A noisy, senseless talker; a jabberer.
It may seem strange that a man who wrote with so much perspicuity,
vivacity, and grace, should have been, whenever he took a part in
conversation, an empty, noisy, blundering rattle. Macaulay.
5. A scolding; a sharp rebuke. [Obs.] Heylin.
6. (Zo\'94l.) Any organ of an animal having a structure adapted to
produce a ratting sound.
NOTE: &hand; Th e ra ttle of th e ra ttlesnake is composed of the
hardened terminal scales, loosened in succession, but not cast off,
and so modified in form as to make a series of loose, hollow
joints.
7. The noise in the throat produced by the air in passing through
mucus which the lungs are unable to expel; -- chiefly observable at
the approach of death, when it is called the death rattle. See
R&acir;le.
To spring a rattle, to cause it to sound. -- Yellow rattle (Bot.), a
yellow-flowered herb (Rhinanthus Crista-galli), the ripe seeds of
which rattle in the inflated calyx.
Rattlebox
Rat"tle*box` (?), n.
1. A toy that makes a rattle sound; a rattle.
2. (Bot.) (a) An American herb (Crotalaria sagittalis), the seeds of
which, when ripe, rattle in the inflated pod. (b) Any species of
Crotalaria, a genus of yellow-flowered herbs, with inflated,
many-seeded pods.
Rattle-brained
Rat"tle-brained` (?), a. Giddy; rattle-headed.
Rattlehead
Rat"tle*head` (?), n. An empty, noisy talker.
Rattle-headed
Rat"tle-head`ed, a. Noisy; giddy; unsteady.
Rattlemouse
Rat"tle*mouse` (?), n. A bat. [Obs.] Puttenham.
Rattlepate
Rat"tle*pate` (?), n. A rattlehead. C. Kingsley.
Rattle-pated
Rat"tle-pat`ed, a. Rattle-headed. "A noisy, rattle-pated fellow." W.
Irving.
Rattler
Rat"tler (?), n. One who, or that which, rattles.
Rattlesnake
Rat"tle*snake` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Any one of several species of
venomous American snakes belonging to the genera Crotalus and
Caudisona, or Sistrurus. They have a series of horny interlocking
joints at the end of the tail which make a sharp ratting sound when
shaken. The common rattlesnake of the Northern United States (Crotalus
horridus), and the diamond rattlesnake of the south (C. adamanteus),
are the best known. See Illust. of Fang. <-- also called rattler, and
C. adamateus, and C. atrox are also called the diamondback rattler, or
diamondback. --> Ground rattlesnake (Zo\'94l.), a small rattlesnake
(Caudisona, OR Sistrurus, miliaria) of the Southern United States,
having a small rattle. It has nine large scales on its head. --
Rattlesnake fern (Bot.), a common American fern (Botrychium
Virginianum) having a triangular decompound frond and a long-stalked
panicle of spore cases rising from the middle of the frond. --
Rattlesnake grass (Bot.), a handsome American grass (Glyceria
Canadensis) with an ample panicle of rather large ovate spikelets,
each one composed of imbricated parts and slightly resembling the
rattle of the rattlesnake. Sometimes called quaking grass. --
Rattlesnake plantain (Bot.), See under Plantain. -- Rattlesnake root
(Bot.), a name given to certain American species of the composite
genus Prenanthes (P. alba and P. serpentaria), formerly asserted to
cure the bite of the rattlesnake. Calling also lion's foot, gall of
the earth, and white lettuce. -- Rattlesnake's master (Bot.) (a) A
species of Agave (Agave Virginica) growing in the Southern United
States. (b) An umbelliferous plant (Eryngium yucc\'91folium) with
large bristly-fringed linear leaves. (c) A composite plant, the
blazing star (Liatris squarrosa). -- Rattlesnake weed (Bot.), a plant
of the composite genus Hieracium (H. venosum); -- probably so named
from its spotted leaves. See also Snakeroot.
Rattletrap
Rat"tle*trap` (?), n. Any machine or vehicle that does not run
smoothly. [Colloq.] A. Trollope.
Rattleweed
Rat"tle*weed` (?), n. (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Astragalus. See
Milk vetch.
Rattlewings
Rat"tle*wings` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The golden-eye.
Rattlewort
Rat"tle*wort` (?), n. [AS. hr\'91telwyrt.] (Bot.) Same as Rattlebox.
Rattlings
Rat"tlings (?), n. pl. (Naut.) Ratlines.
Rattoon
Rat*toon" (?), n. [Sp. reto\'a4o.] One of the stems or shoots of sugar
cane of the second year's growth from the root, or later. See
Plant-cane.
Rattoon
Rat*toon", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rattooned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rattooning.] [Cf. Sp. reto\'a4ar.] To sprout or spring up from the
root, as sugar cane of the previous year's planting.
Raucid
Rau"cid (?), a. [L. raucus hoarse; cf. LL. raucidus.] Hoarse; raucous
[R.] Lamb.
Raucity
Rau"ci*ty (?), n. [L. rausitas, from raucus hoarse: cf. F.
raucit\'82.] Harshness of sound; rough utterance; hoarseness; as, the
raucity of a trumpet, or of the human voice.
Raucous
Rau"cous (?), a. [L. raucus.] Hoarse; harsh; rough; as, a raucous,
thick tone. "His voice slightly raucous." Aytoun. -- Rau"cous*ly, adv.
Raught
Raught (?), obs. imp. & p. p. of Reach. Shak.
Raught
Raught, obs. imp. & p. p. of Reck. Chaucer.
Raunch
Raunch (?), v. t. See Ranch. Spenser.
Raunsoun
Raun*soun" (?), n. Ransom. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Ravage
Rav"age (?; 48), n. [F., fr. (assumed) L. rapagium, rapaticum, fr.
rapere to carry off by force, to ravish. See Rapacious, Ravish.]
Desolation by violence; violent ruin or destruction; devastation;
havoc; waste; as, the ravage of a lion; the ravages of fire or
tempest; the ravages of an army, or of time. <-- ravages of time -->
Would one think 't were possible for love To make such ravage in a
noble soul? Addison.
Syn. -- Despoilment; devastation; desolation; pillage; plunder; spoil;
waste; ruin.
Ravage
Rav"age, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ravaged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ravaging
(?).] [F. ravager. See Ravage, n.] To lay waste by force; to desolate
by violence; to commit havoc or devastation upon; to spoil; to
plunder; to consume.
Already C\'91sar Has ravaged more than half the globe. Addison.
His lands were daily ravaged, his cattle driven away. Macaulay.
Syn. -- To despoil; pillage; plunger; sack; spoil; devastate;
desolate; destroy; waste; ruin.
Ravager
Rav"a*ger (?), n. One who, or that which, ravages or lays waste;
spoiler.
Rave
Rave, n. [Prov. E. raves, or rathes, a frame laid on a wagon, for
carrying hay, etc.] One of the upper side pieces of the frame of a
wagon body or a sleigh.
Rave
Rave (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Raved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Raving.] [F.
r\'88ver to rave, to be delirious, to dream; perhaps fr. L. rabere to
rave, rage, be mad or furious. Cf. Rage, Reverie.]
1. To wander in mind or intellect; to be delirious; to talk or act
irrationally; to be wild, furious, or raging, as a madman.
In our madness evermore we rave. Chaucer.
Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast? Addison.
The mingled torrent of redcoats and tartans went raving down the
valley to the gorge of Kiliecrankie. Macaulay.
2. To rush wildly or furiously. Spencer.
3. To talk with unreasonable enthusiasm or excessive passion or
excitement; -- followed by about, of, or on; as, he raved about her
beauty.
The hallowed scene Which others rave on, though they know it not.
Byron.
Rave
Rave, v. t. To utter in madness or frenzy; to say wildly; as, to rave
nonsense. Young.
Ravehook
Rave"hook (?), n. (Shipbuilding) A tool, hooked at the end, for
enlarging or clearing seams for the reception of oakum.
Ravel
Rav"el (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raveled (?) or Ravelled; p. pr. & vb.
n. Raveling or Ravelling.] [. ravelen, D. rafelen, akin to LG. rebeln,
rebbeln, reffeln.]
1. To separate or undo the texture of; to take apart; to untwist; to
unweave or unknit; -- often followed by out; as, to ravel a twist; to
ravel out a sticking.<-- = to unravel? -->
Sleep, that knits up the raveled sleave of care. Shak.
2. To undo the intricacies of; to disentangle.
3. To pull apart, as the threads of a texture, and let them fall into
a tangled mass; hence, to entangle; to make intricate; to involve.
What glory's due to him that could divide Such raveled interests?
has he not untied? Waller.
The faith of very many men seems a duty so weak and indifferent, is
so often untwisted by violence, or raveled and entangled in weak
discourses! Jer. Taylor.
Ravel
Rav"el, v. i.
1. To become untwisted or unwoven; to be disentangled; to be relieved
of intricacy.
2. To fall into perplexity and confusion. [Obs.]
Till, by their own perplexities involved, They ravel more, still
less resolved. Milton.
3. To make investigation or search, as by picking out the threads of a
woven pattern. [Obs.]
The humor of raveling into all these mystical or entangled matters.
Sir W. Temple.
Raveler
Rav"el*er (?), n. [Also raveller.] One who ravels.
Ravelin
Rave"lin (?), n. [F.; cf. Sp. rebellin, It. revellino, rivellino;
perhaps fr. L. re- again + vallum wall.] (Fort.) A detached work with
two embankments with make a salient angle. It is raised before the
curtain on the counterscarp of the place. Formerly called demilune and
half-moon.
Raveling
Rav"el*ing (?), n. [Also ravelling.]
1. The act of untwisting, or of disentangling.
2. That which is raveled out; esp., a thread detached from a texture.
Raven
Ra"ven (?), n. [AS. hr\'91fn; akin to raaf, G. rabe, OHG. hraban,
Icel. hrafn, Dan. ravn, and perhaps to L. corvus, Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A
large black passerine bird (Corvus corax), similar to the crow, but
larger. It is native of the northern part of Europe, Asia and America,
and is noted for its sagacity. Sea raven (Zo\'94l.), the cormorant.
Raven
Ra"ven, a. Of the color of the raven; jet black; as, raven curls;
raven darkness. <-- raven-haired -->
Raven
Rav"en (?), n. [OF. ravine impetuosity, violence, F. ravine ravine.
See Ravine, Rapine.] [Written also ravin, and ravine.]
1. Rapine; rapacity. Ray.
2. Prey; plunder; food obtained by violence.
Raven
Rav"en, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ravened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ravening.]
[Written also ravin, and ravine.]
1. To obtain or seize by violence. Hakewill.
2. To devoir with great eagerness.
Like rats that ravin down their proper bane. Shak.
Raven
Rav"en, v. i. To prey with rapacity; to be greedy; to show rapacity.
[Written also ravin, and ravine.]
Benjamin shall raven as a wolf. Gen. xlix. 27.
Ravenala
Rav`e*na"la (?), n. [Malagasy.] (Bot.) A genus of plants related to
the banana.
NOTE: &hand; Ra venala Ma dagascariensis, the principal species, is
an unbranched tree with immense oarlike leaves growing alternately
from two sides of the stem. The sheathing bases of the leafstalks
collect and retain rain water, which flows freely when they are
pierced with a knife, whence the plant is called traveller's tree.
Ravener
Rav"en*er (?), n.
1. One who, or that which, ravens or plunders. Gower.
2. A bird of prey, as the owl or vulture. [Obs.] Holland.
Ravening
Rav"en*ing, n. Eagerness for plunder; rapacity; extortion. Luke xi.
39.
Ravening
Rav"en*ing, a. Greedily devouring; rapacious; as, ravening wolves. --
Rav"en*ing*ly, adv.
Ravenous
Rav"en*ous (?), a. [From 2d Raven.]
1. Devouring with rapacious eagerness; furiously voracious; hungry
even to rage; as, a ravenous wolf or vulture.
2. Eager for prey or gratification; as, a ravenous appetite or desire.
-- Rav"en*ous*ly, adv. -- Rav"en*ous*ness, n.
Raven's-duck
Ra"ven's-duck` (?), n. [Cf. G. ravenstuch.] A fine quality of
sailcloth. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Raver
Rav"er (?), n. One who raves.
Ravin
Rav"in (?), n. Ravenous. [Obs.] Shak.
Ravin, Ravine
Rav"in, Ravine (?), n. [See 2d Raven.] Food obtained by violence;
plunder; prey; raven. "Fowls of ravyne." Chaucer.
Though Nature, red in tooth and claw With ravine, shrieked against
his creed. Tennyson.
<-- famous quote from In memoriam, 56, st. 4 -->
Ravin, Ravine
Rav"in, Rav"ine, v. t. & i. See Raven, v. t. & i.
Ravine
Ra*vine" (?), n. [F., a place excavated by a torrent, a ravine, fr.
ravir to snatch or tear away, L. rapere; cf. L. rapina rapine. See
Ravish, and cf. Rapine, Raven prey.]
1. A torrent of water. [Obs.] Cotgrave.
2. A deep and narrow hollow, usually worn by a stream or torrent of
water; a gorge; a mountain cleft.
Raving
Rav"ing (?), a. Talking irrationally and wildly; as, a raving lunatic.
-- Rav"ing*ly, adv.
Ravish
Rav"ish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ravished (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Ravishing.] [OE. ravissen, F. ravir, fr. L. rapere to snatch or tear
away, to ravish. See Rapacious, Rapid, and -ish.]
1. To seize and carry away by violence; to snatch by force.
These hairs which thou dost ravish from my chin Will quicken, and
accuse thee. Shak.
This hand shall ravish thy pretended right. Dryden.
2. To transport with joy or delight; to delight to ecstasy. "Ravished
. . . for the joy." Chaucer.
Thou hast ravished my heart. Cant. iv. 9.
3. To have carnal knowledge of (a woman) by force, and against her
consent; to rape. Shak. Syn. -- To transport; entrance; enrapture;
delight; violate; deflour; force. <-- sic. "deflour" is given in this
dict. as the preferred sp. of "deflower" -->
Ravisher
Rav"ish*er (?), n. One who ravishes (in any sense).
Ravishing
Rav"ish*ing, a. Rapturous; transporting.
Ravishingly
Rav"ish*ing*ly, adv. In a ravishing manner.
Ravishment
Rav"ish*ment (?), n. [F. ravissement. See Ravish.]
1. The act of carrying away by force or against consent; abduction;
as, the ravishment of children from their parents, or a ward from his
guardian, or of a wife from her husband. Blackstone.
2. The state of being ravished; rapture; transport of delight;
ecstasy. Spencer.
In whose sight all things joy, with ravishment Attracted by thy
beauty still to gaze. Milton.
3. The act of ravishing a woman; rape.
Ravissant
Rav"is*sant (?), a. [F.] (Her.) In a half-raised position, as if about
to spring on prey.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1193
Raw
Raw (?), a. [Compar Rawer (?); superl. Rawest.] [AS. hre\'a0w; akin to
D. raauw, LG. rau, G. roh, OHG. r&omac;, Icel. hr\'ber, Dan. raa, Sw.
r\'86, L. crudus, Gr. kre`as flesh, Skr. kravis raw flesh. &root;18.
Cf. Crude, Cruel.]
1. Not altered from its natural state; not prepared by the action of
heat; as, raw sienna; specifically, not cooked; not changed by heat to
a state suitable for eating; not done; as, raw meat.
2. Hence: Unprepared for use or enjoyment; immature; unripe;
unseasoned; inexperienced; unpracticed; untried; as, raw soldiers; a
raw recruit.
Approved himself to the raw judgment of the multitude. De Quincey.
3. Not worked in due form; in the natural state; untouched by art;
unwrought. Specifically: (a) Not distilled; as, raw water. [Obs.]
Bacon. (b) Not spun or twisted; as, raw silk or cotton. (c) Not mixed
or diluted; as, raw spirits. (d) Not tried; not melted and strained;
as, raw tallow. (e) Not tanned; as, raw hides. (f) Not trimmed,
covered, or folded under; as, the raw edge of a piece of metal or of
cloth.
4. Not covered; bare. Specifically: (a) Bald. [Obs.] "With scull all
raw." Spencer (b) Deprived of skin; galled; as, a raw sore. (c) Sore,
as if by being galled.
And all his sinews waxen weak and raw Through long imprisonment.
Spenser.
5. Disagreeably damp or cold; chilly; as, a raw wind. "A raw and gusty
day." Shak.
Raw material, material that has not been subjected to a (specified)
process of manufacture; as, ore is the raw material used in smelting;
leather is the raw material of the shoe industry. -- Raw pig, cast
iron as it comes from the smelting furnace.
Raw
Raw, n. A raw, sore, or galled place; a sensitive spot; as, to touch
one on the raw.
Like savage hackney coachmen, they know where there is a raw. De
Quincey.
Rawbone
Raw"bone` (?), a. Rawboned. [Obs.] Spencer.
Rawboned
Raw"boned`, a. Having little flesh on the bones; gaunt. Shak.
Rawhead
Raw"head` (?), n. A specter mentioned to frighten children; as,
rawhead and bloodybones.
Rawhide
Raw"hide` (?), n. A cowhide, or coarse riding whip, made of untanned
(or raw) hide twisted.
Rawish
Raw"ish, a. Somewhat raw. [R.] Marston.
Rawly
Raw"ly, adv.
1. In a raw manner; unskillfully; without experience.
2. Without proper preparation or provision. Shak.
Rawness
Raw"ness, n. The quality or state of being raw.
Ray
Ray (?), v. t. [An aphetic form of array; cf. Beray.]
1. To array. [Obs.] Sir T. More.
2. To mark, stain, or soil; to streak; to defile. [Obs.] "The fifth
that did it ray." Spenser.
Ray
Ray, n. Array; order; arrangement; dress. [Obs.]
And spoiling all her gears and goodly ray. Spenser.
Ray
Ray, n. [OF. rai, F. rais, fr. L. radius a beam or ray, staff, rod,
spoke of a wheel. Cf. Radius.]
1. One of a number of lines or parts diverging from a common point or
center, like the radii of a circle; as, a star of six rays.
2. (Bot.) A radiating part of the flower or plant; the marginal
florets of a compound flower, as an aster or a sunflower; one of the
pedicels of an umbel or other circular flower cluster; radius. See
Radius.
3. (Zo\'94l.) (a) One of the radiating spines, or cartilages,
supporting the fins of fishes. (b) One of the spheromeres of a
radiate, especially one of the arms of a starfish or an ophiuran.
4. (Physics) (a) A line of light or heat proceeding from a radiant or
reflecting point; a single element of light or heat propagated
continuously; as, a solar ray; a polarized ray. (b) One of the
component elements of the total radiation from a body; any definite or
limited portion of the spectrum; as, the red ray; the violet ray. See
Illust. under Light.
5. Sight; perception; vision; -- from an old theory of vision, that
sight was something which proceeded from the eye to the object seen.
All eyes direct their rays On him, and crowds turn coxcombs as they
gaze. Pope.
6. (Geom.) One of a system of diverging lines passing through a point,
and regarded as extending indefinitely in both directions. See
Half-ray.
Bundle of rays. (Geom.) See Pencil of rays, below. -- Extraordinary
ray (Opt.), that one or two parts of a ray divided by double
refraction which does not follow the ordinary law of refraction. --
Ordinary ray (Opt.) that one of the two parts of a ray divided by
double refraction which follows the usual or ordinary law of
refraction. -- Pencil of rays (Geom.), a definite system of rays. --
Ray flower, OR Ray floret (Bot.), one of the marginal flowers of the
capitulum in such composite plants as the aster, goldenrod, daisy, and
sunflower. They have an elongated, strap-shaped corolla, while the
corollas of the disk flowers are tubular and five-lobed. -- Ray point
(Geom.), the common point of a pencil of rays. -- R\'94ntgen ray (
(Phys.), a kind of ray generated in a very highly exhausted vacuum
tube by the electrical discharge. It is capable of passing through
many bodies opaque to light, and producing photographic and
fluorescent effects by which means pictures showing the internal
structure of opaque objects are made, called radiographs, or
sciagraphs<-- or X-ray photographs, radiograms, or X-rays -->. So
called from the discoverer, W. C. R\'94ntgen. -- X ray, the R\'94ntgen
ray; -- so called by its discoverer because of its enigmatical
character, x being an algebraic symbol for an unknown quantity.
Ray
Ray, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rayed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Raying.] [Cf. OF.
raier, raiier, rayer, L. radiare to irradiate. See Ray, n., and cf.
Radiate.]
1. To mark with long lines; to streak. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. [From Ray, n.] To send forth or shoot out; to cause to shine out;
as, to ray smiles. [R.] Thompson.
Ray
Ray, v. t. To shine, as with rays. Mrs. Browning.
Ray
Ray, n. [F. raie, L. raia. Cf. Roach.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any one of
numerous elasmobranch fishes of the order Rai\'91, including the
skates, torpedoes, sawfishes, etc. (b) In a restricted sense, any of
the broad, flat, narrow-tailed species, as the skates and sting rays.
See Skate. Bishop ray, a yellow-spotted, long-tailed eagle ray
(Stoasodon n\'85rinari) of the Southern United States and the West
Indies. -- Butterfly ray, a short-tailed American sting ray
(Pteroplatea Maclura), having very broad pectoral fins. -- Devil ray.
See Sea Devil. -- Eagle ray, any large ray of the family
Myliobatid\'91, or \'92tobatid\'91. The common European species
(Myliobatis aquila) is called also whip ray, and miller. -- Electric
ray, or Cramp ray, a torpedo. -- Starry ray, a common European skate
(Raia radiata). -- Sting ray, any one of numerous species of rays of
the family Trygonid\'91 having one or more large, sharp, barbed dorsal
spines on the whiplike tail. Called also stingaree.
Rayah
Ra"yah (?), n. [Ar. ra'iyah a herd, a subject, fr. ra'a to pasture,
guard.] A person not a Mohammedan, who pays the capitation tax.
[Turkey.]
Ray grass
Ray" grass` (?) [Etymol. of ray is uncertain.] (Bot.) A perennial
European grass (Lolium perenne); -- called also rye grass, and red
darnel. See Darnel, and Grass. Italian ray, OR rye, grass. See Darnel,
and Grass.
Rayless
Ray"less (?), a. Destitute of rays; hence, dark; not illuminated;
blind; as, a rayless sky; rayless eyes.
Rayon
Ray"on (?), n. [F.] Ray; beam. [Obs.] Spenser. <-- Rayon. A synthetic
fiber, consisting of a polyamide -->
Rayonnant
Ray"on*nant (?), a. [F.] (Her.) Darting forth rays, as the sun when it
shines out.
Raze
Raze (?), n. [See Rack.] A Shakespearean word (used once) supposed to
mean the same as race, a root.<-- Obs. -->
Raze
Raze, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Razed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Razing.] [F.
raser. See Rase, v. t.] [Written also rase.]
1. To erase; to efface; to obliterate.
Razing the characters of your renown. Shak.
2. To subvert from the foundation; to lay level with the ground; to
destroy; to demolish.
The royal hand that razed unhappy Troy. Dryden.
Syn. -- To demolish; level; prostrate; overthrow; subvert; destroy;
ruin. See Demolish.
Razed
Razed (?), a. Slashed or striped in patterns. [Obs.] "Two Provincial
roses on my razed shoes." Shak.
Razee
Ra*zee" (?), n. [F. vaisseau ras\'82, fr. raser to rase, to cut down
ships. See Raze, v. t., Rase, v. t.] (Naut.) An armed ship having her
upper deck cut away, and thus reduced to the next inferior rate, as a
seventy-four cut down to a frigate. Totten.
Razoe
Ra*zoe", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Razeed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Razeeing.] To
cut down to a less number of decks, and thus to an inferior rate or
glass, as a ship; hence, to prune or abridge by cutting off or
retrenching parts; as, to razee a book, or an article.
Razor
Ra"zor (?), n. [OE. rasour, OF. rasur, LL. rasor: cf. F. rasoir, LL.
rasorium. See Raze, v. t., Rase, v. t.]
1. A keen-edged knife of peculiar shape, used in shaving the hair from
the face or the head. "Take thee a barber's rasor." <-- also called
straight razor --> Ezek. v. 1. <-- (b) a similar device for shaving,
with a replaceable blade. Also called safety razor. Also a similar
device, made of plastic, in which the blade is neither replaceable nor
can be sharpened, intended to be discarded after the blade dulls --
called a disposable razor. --> -->
2. (Zo\'94l.) A task of a wild boar.
Razor fish. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small Mediterranean fish (Coryph\'91na
novacula), prized for the table. (b) The razor shell. -- Razor grass
(Bot.), a West Indian plant (Scleria scindens), the triangular stem
and the leaves of which are edged with minute sharp teeth. -- Razor
grinder (Zo\'94l.), the European goat-sucker. -- Razor shell
(Zo\'94l.), any marine bivalve shell belonging to Solen and allied
genera, especially Solen, OR Ensatella, ensis, AND Americana, which
have a long, narrow, somewhat curved shell, resembling a razor handle
in shape. Called also rasor clam, razor fish, knife handle. -- Razor
stone. Same as Novaculite. -- Razor strap, OR razor strop, a strap or
strop used in sharpening razors.<-- safety razor; disposable razor;
electric razor -->
Rasorable
Ra"sor*a*ble (?), a. Ready for the razor; fit to be shaved. [R.] Shak.
Razorback
Ra"zor*back" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The rorqual.
Razor-backed
Ra"zor-backed" (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Having a sharp, lean, or thin back;
as, a razor-backed hog, perch, etc.
Razorbill
Ra"zor*bill (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A species of auk (Alca torda)
common in the Arctic seas. See Auk, and Illust. in Appendix. (b) See
Cutwater, 3.
Razure
Ra"zure (?), n. [See Rasure.]
1. The act of erasing or effacing, or the state of being effaced;
obliteration. See Rasure.
2. An erasure; a change made by erasing.
Razzia
Raz"zi*a (?), n. [F., fr. Ar. gh\'bez\'c6a (pron. razia in Algeria).]
A plundering and destructive incursion; a foray; a rai
Re-
Re- (?). [L. re-, older form (retained before vowels) red-: cf. F.
re-, r\'82-.] A prefix signifying back, against, again, anew; as,
recline, to lean back; recall, to call back; recede; remove; reclaim,
to call out against; repugn, to fight against; recognition, a knowing
again; rejoin, to join again; reiterate, reassure. Combinations
containing the prefix re- are readily formed, and are for the most
part of obvious signification.
Re
Re (r&amac;). [It.] (Mus.) A syllable applied in solmization to the
second tone of the diatonic scale of C; in the American system, to the
second tone of any diatonic scale.
Reabsorb
Re`ab*sorb" (?), v. t. To absorb again; to draw in, or imbibe, again
what has been effused, extravasated, or thrown off; to swallow up
again; as, to reabsorb chyle, lymph, etc.; -- used esp. of fluids.
Reabsorption
Re`ab*sorp"tion (?), n. The act or process of rearbsorbing.
Reaccess
Re`ac*cess" (?), n. A second access or approach; a return. Hakewill.
Reaccuse
Re"ac*cuse" (?), v. t. To accuse again. Cheyne.
Reach
Reach, n. An effort to vomit. [R.]
Reach
Reach, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reached (?) (Raught, the old preterit, is
obsolete); p. pr. & vb. n. Reaching.] [OE. rechen, AS. r&aemac;can,
r&aemac;cean, to extend, stretch out; akin to D. reiken, G. reichen,
and possibly to AS. r\'c6ce powerful, rich, E. rich. &root;115.]
1. To extend; to stretch; to thrust out; to put forth, as a limb, a
member, something held, or the like.
Her tresses yellow, and long straughten, Unto her heeles down they
raughten. Rom. of R.
Reach hither thy hand and thrust it into my side. John xx. 27.
Fruit trees, over woody, reached too far Their pampered boughs.
Milton.
2. Hence, to deliver by stretching out a member, especially the hand;
to give with the hand; to pass to another; to hand over; as, to reach
one a book.
He reached me a full cap. 2 Esd. xiv. 39.
3. To attain or obtain by stretching forth the hand; too extend some
part of the body, or something held by one, so as to touch, strike,
grasp, or the like; as, to reach an object with the hand, or with a
spear.
O patron power, . . . thy present aid afford, Than I may reach the
beast. Dryden.
4. To strike, hit, or tough with a missile; as, to reach an object
with an arrow, a bullet, or a shell.
5. Hence, to extend an action, effort, or influence to; to penetrate
to; to pierce, or cut, as far as.
If these examples of grown men reach not the case of children, let
them examine. Locke.
6. To extend to; to stretch out as far as; to touch by virtue of
extent; as, his hand reaches the river.
Thy desire . . . leads to no excess That reaches blame. Milton.
7. To arrive at by effort of any kind; to attain to; to gain; to be
advanced to.
The best account of the appearances of nature which human
penetration can reach, comes short of its reality. Cheyne.
9. To understand; to comprehend. [Obs.]
Do what, sir? I reach you not. Beau. & Fl.
10. To overreach; to deceive. [Obs.] South.
Reach
Reach, v. t.
1. To stretch out the hand.
Goddess humane, reach, then, and freely taste! Milton.
2. To strain after something; to make efforts.
Reaching above our nature does no good. Dryden.
3. To extend in dimension, time, amount, action, influence, etc., so
as to touch, attain to, or be equal to, something.
And behold, a ladder set upon the earth, and the top of it reached
to heaven. Gen. xxviii. 12.
The new world reaches quite across the torrid zone. Boyle.
4. (Naut.) To sail on the wind, as from one point of tacking to
another, or with the ind nearly abeam.
To reach after OR at, to make efforts to attain to or obtain.
He would be in the mind reaching after a positive idea of infinity.
Locke.
Reach
Reach, n.
1. The act of stretching or extending; extension; power of reaching or
touching with the person, or a limb, or something held or thrown; as,
the fruit is beyond my reach; to be within reach of cannon shot.
2. The power of stretching out or extending action, influence, or the
like; power of attainment or management; extent of force or capacity.
Drawn by others who had deeper reaches than themselves to matters
which they least intended. Hayward.
Be sure yourself and your own reach to know. Pope.
3. Extent; stretch; expanse; hence, application; influence; result;
scope.
And on the left hand, hell, With long reach, interposed. Milton.
I am to pray you not to strain my speech To grosser issues, nor to
larger reach Than to suspicion. Shak.
4. An extended portion of land or water; a stretch; a straight portion
of a stream or river, as from one turn to another; a level stretch, as
between locks in a canal; an arm of the sea extending up into the
land. "The river's wooded reach." Tennyson.
The coast . . . is very full of creeks and reaches. Holland.
5. An article to obtain an advantage.
The Duke of Parma had particular reaches and ends of his own
underhand to cross the design. Bacon.
6. The pole or rod which connects the hind axle with the forward
bolster of a wagon.
Reachable
Reach"a*ble (?), a. Being within reach.
Reacher
Reach"er (?), n.
1. One who reaches.
2. An exaggeration. [Obs.] Fuller.
Reachless
Reach"less, a. Being beyond reach; lofty.
Unto a reachless pitch of praises hight. Bp. Hall.
React
Re*act" (?), v. t. To act or perform a second time; to do over again;
as, to react a play; the same scenes were reacted at Rome.<-- =
re-enact? -->
React
Re*act" (?), v. i.
1. To return an impulse or impression; to resist the action of another
body by an opposite force; as, every body reacts on the body that
impels it from its natural state.
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2. To act upon each other; to exercise a reciprocal or a reverse
effect, as two or more chemical agents; to act in opposition.
Reaction
Re*ac"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. r\'82action.]
1. Any action in resisting other action or force; counter tendency;
movement in a contrary direction; reverse action.
2. (Chem.) The mutual or reciprocal action of chemical agents upon
each other, or the action upon such chemical agents of some form of
energy, as heat, light, or electricity, resulting in a chemical change
in one or more of these agents, with the production of new compounds
or the manifestation of distinctive characters. See Blowpipe reaction,
Flame reaction, under Blowpipe, and Flame.
3. (Med.) An action included by vital resistance to some other action;
depression or exhaustion of vital force consequent on overexertion or
overstimulation; heightened activity and overaction succeeding
depression or shock.
4. (Mech.) The force which a body subjected to the action of a force
from another body exerts upon the latter body in the opposite
direction.
Reaction is always equal and opposite to action, that is to say,
the actions of two bodies upon each other are always equal and in
opposite directions. Sir I. Newton (3d Law of Motion).
5. (Politics) Backward tendency or movement after revolution, reform,
or great progress in any direction.
The new king had, at the very moment at which his fame and fortune
reached the highest point, predicted the coming reaction. Macaulay.
Reaction time (Physiol.), in nerve physiology, the interval between
the application of a stimulus to an end organ of sense and the
reaction or resulting movement; -- called also physiological time. --
Reaction wheel (Mech.), a water wheel driven by the reaction of water,
usually one in which the water, entering it centrally, escapes at its
periphery in a direction opposed to that of its motion by orifices at
right angles, or inclined, to its radii.
Reactionary
Re*ac"tion*a*ry (?), a. Being, causing, or favoring reaction; as,
reactionary movements.
Reactionary
Re*ac"tion*a*ry, n.; pl. Reactionaries (. One who favors reaction, or
seeks to undo political progress or revolution.
Reactionist
Re*ac"tion*ist, n. A reactionary. C. Kingsley.
Reactive
Re*act`ive (?), a. [Cf. F. r\'82actif.] Having power to react; tending
to reaction; of the nature of reaction. -- Re*act"ive*ly, adv. --
Re*act"ive*ness, n.
Read
Read (?), n. Rennet. See 3d Reed. [Prov. Eng.]
Read
Read (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Read (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Reading.] [OE.
reden, r\'91den, AS. r&aemac;dan to read, advice, counsel, fr.
r&aemac;d advise, counsel, r&aemac;dan (imperf. reord) to advice,
counsel, guess; akin to D. raden to advise, G. raten, rathen, Icel.
r\'be&edh;a, Goth. r&emac;dan (in comp.), and perh. also to Skr.
r\'bedh to succeed. &root;116. Cf. Riddle.]
1. To advise; to counsel. [Obs.] See Rede.
Therefore, I read thee, get to God's word, and thereby try all
doctrine. Tyndale.
2. To interpret; to explain; as, to read a riddle.
3. To tell; to declare; to recite. [Obs.]
But read how art thou named, and of what kin. Spenser.
4. To go over, as characters or words, and utter aloud, or recite to
one's self inaudibly; to take in the sense of, as of language, by
interpreting the characters with which it is expressed; to peruse; as,
to read a discourse; to read the letters of an alphabet; to read
figures; to read the notes of music, or to read music; to read a book.
Redeth [read ye] the great poet of Itaille. Chaucer.
Well could he rede a lesson or a story. Chaucer.
5. Hence, to know fully; to comprehend.
Who is't can read a woman? Shak.
6. To discover or understand by characters, marks, features, etc.; to
learn by observation.
An armed corse did lie, In whose dead face he read great
magnanimity. Spenser.
Those about her From her shall read the perfect ways of honor.
Shak.
7. To make a special study of, as by perusing textbooks; as, to read
theology or law.
To read one's self in, to read about the Thirty-nine Articles and the
Declaration of Assent, -- required of a clergyman of the Church of
England when he first officiates in a new benefice.
Read
Read, v. t.
1. To give advice or counsel. [Obs.]
2. To tell; to declare. [Obs.] Spenser.
3. To perform the act of reading; to peruse, or to go over and utter
aloud, the words of a book or other like document.
So they read in the book of the law of God distinctly, and gave the
sense. Neh. viii. 8.
4. To study by reading; as, he read for the bar.
5. To learn by reading.
I have read of an Eastern king who put a judge to death for an
iniquitous sentence. Swift.
6. To appear in writing or print; to be expressed by, or consist of,
certain words or characters; as, the passage reads thus in the early
manuscripts.
7. To produce a certain effect when read; as, that sentence reads
queerly.
To read between the lines, to infer something different from what is
plainly indicated; to detect the real meaning as distinguished from
the apparent meaning.
Read
Read, n. [AS. r&aemac;d counsel, fr. r&aemac;dan to counsel. See Read,
v. t.]
1. Saying; sentence; maxim; hence, word; advice; counsel. See Rede.
[Obs.]
2. [Read, v.] Reading. [Colloq.] Hume.
One newswoman here lets magazines for a penny a read. Furnivall.
Read
Read (?), imp. & p. p. of Read, v. t. & i.
Read
Read (?), a. Instructed or knowing by reading; versed in books;
learned.
A poet . . . well read in Longinus. Addison.
Readable
Read"a*ble (?), a. Such as can be read; legible; fit or suitable to be
read; worth reading; interesting. -- Read"a*ble*ness, n. --
Read"a*bly, adv,.
Readability
Read`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The state of being readable; readableness.
Readdress
Re`ad*dress" (?), v. t. To address a second time; -- often used
reflexively.
He readdressed himself to her. Boyle.
Readept
Re`a*dept (?), v. t. [Pref. re- + L. adeptus. p. p. of adipisci to
obtain.] To regain; to recover. [Obs.]
Readeption
Re`a*dep"tion (?), n. A regaining; recovery of something lost. [Obs.]
Bacon.
Reader
Read"er (?), n. [AS. r&aemac;dere.]
1. One who reads. Specifically: (a) One whose distinctive office is to
read prayers in a church. (b) (University of Oxford, Eng.) One who
reads lectures on scientific subjects. Lyell. (c) A proof reader. (d)
One who reads manuscripts offered for publication and advises
regarding their merit.
2. One who reads much; one who is studious.
3. A book containing a selection of extracts for exercises in reading;
an elementary book for practice in a language; a reading book.
Readership
Read"er*ship, n. The office of reader. Lyell.
Readily
Read"i*ly (?), adv.
1. In a ready manner; quickly; promptly. Chaucer.
2. Without delay or objection; without reluctance; willingly;
cheerfully.
How readily we wish time spent revoked! Cowper.
Readiness
Read"i*ness, n. The state or quality of being ready; preparation;
promptness; aptitude; willingness.
They received the word with all readiness of mind. Acts xvii. 11.
Syn. -- Facility; quickness; expedition; promptitude; promptness;
aptitude; aptness; knack; skill; expertness; dexterity; ease;
cheerfulness. See Facility.
Reading
Read"ing (?), n.
1. The act of one who reads; perusal; also, printed or written matter
to be read.
2. Study of books; literary scholarship; as, a man of extensive
reading.
3. A lecture or prelection; public recital.
The Jews had their weekly readings of the law. Hooker.
4. The way in which anything reads; force of a word or passage
presented by a documentary authority; lection; version.
5. Manner of reciting, or acting a part, on the stage; way of
rendering. [Cant]
6. An observation read from the scale of a graduated instrument; as,
the reading of a barometer.
Reading of a bill (Legislation), its normal recital, by the proper
officer, before the House which is to consider it.
Reading
Read"ing, a.
1. Of or pertaining to the act of reading; used in reading.
2. Addicted to reading; as, a reading community.
Reading book, a book for teaching reading; a reader. -- Reading desk,
a desk to support a book while reading; esp., a desk used while
reading the service in a church. -- Reading glass, a large lens with
more or less magnifying power, attached to a handle, and used in
reading, etc. -- Reading man, one who reads much; hence, in the
English universities, a close, industrious student. -- Reading room, a
room appropriated to reading; a room provided with papers,
periodicals, and the like, to which persons resort.
Readjourn
Re`ad*journ" (?), v. t. To adjourn a second time; to adjourn again.
Readjournment
Re`ad*journ"ment (?), n. The act of readjourning; a second or repeated
adjournment.
Readjust
Re`ad*just" (?), v. t. To adjust or settle again; to put in a
different order or relation; to rearrange.
Readjuster
Re`ad*just"er (?), n. One who, or that which, readjusts; in some of
the States of the United States, one who advocates a refunding, and
sometimes a partial repudiation, of the State debt without the consent
of the State's creditors.
Readjustment
Re`ad*just"ment (?), n. A second adjustment; a new or different
adjustment.
Readmission
Re`ad*mis"sion (?), n. The act of admitting again, or the state of
being readmitted; as, the readmission fresh air into an exhausted
receiver; the readmission of a student into a seminary.
Readmit
Re`ad*mit" (?), v. t. To admit again; to give entrance or access to
again.
Whose ear is ever open, and his eye Gracious to readmit the
suppliant. Milton.
Readmittance
Re`ad*mit"tance (?), n. Allowance to enter again; a second admission.
Readopt
Re`a*dopt" (?), v. t. To adopt again. Young.
Readorn
Re`a*dorn" (?), v. t. To adorn again or anew.
Readvance
Re`ad*vance" (?), v. i. To advance again.
Readvertency
Re`ad*vert"en*cy (?), n. The act of adverting to again, or of
reviewing. [R.] Norris.
Ready
Read"y (?), a. [Compar. Readier (?); superl. Readiest.] [AS.
r&aemac;de; akin to D. gereed, bereid, G. bereit, Goth. gar\'a0ids
fixed, arranged, and possibly to E. ride, as meaning originally,
prepared for riding. Cf. Array, 1st Curry.]
1. Prepared for what one is about to do or experience; equipped or
supplied with what is needed for some act or event; prepared for
immediate movement or action; as, the troops are ready to march; ready
for the journey. "When she redy was." Chaucer.
2. Fitted or arranged for immediate use; causing no delay for lack of
being prepared or furnished. "Dinner was ready." Fielding.
My oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are ready: come
unto the marriage. Matt. xxii. 4.
3. Prepared in mind or disposition; not reluctant; willing; free;
inclined; disposed.
I am ready not to be bound only, but also to die at Jerusalem, for
the name of the Lord Jesus. Acts xxi. 13.
If need be, I am ready to forego And quit. Milton.
4. Not slow or hesitating; quick in action or perception of any kind;
dexterous; prompt; easy; expert; as, a ready apprehension; ready wit;
a ready writer or workman. "Ready in devising expedients." Macaulay.
Gurth, whose temper was ready, through surly. Sir W. Scott.
5. Offering itself at once; at hand; opportune; convenient; near;
easy. "The readiest way." Milton.
A sapling pine he wrenched from out the ground, The readiest weapon
that his fury found. Dryden.
6. On the point; about; on the brink; near; -- with a following
infinitive.
My heart is ready to crack. Shak.
7. (Mil.) A word of command, or a position, in the manual of arms, at
which the piece is cocked and held in position to execute promptly the
next command, which is, aim.
All ready, ready in every particular; wholly equipped or prepared.
"[I] am all redy at your hest." Chaucer. -- Ready money, means of
immediate payment; cash. "'Tis all the ready money fate can give."
Cowley. -- Ready reckoner, a book of tables for facilitating
computations, as of interest, prices, etc. -- To make ready, to make
preparation; to get in readiness. Syn. -- Prompt; expeditious; speedy;
unhesitating; dexterous; apt; skilful; handy; expert; facile; easy;
opportune; fitted; prepared; disposed; willing; free; cheerful. See
Prompt.
Ready
Read"y (?), adv. In a state of preparation for immediate action; so as
to need no delay.
We ourselves will go ready armed. Num. xxxii. 17.
Ready
Read"y, n. Ready money; cash; -- commonly with the; as, he was
supplied with the ready. [Slang]
Lord Strut was not flush in ready, either to go to law, or to clear
old debts. Arbuthnot.
Ready
Read"y, v. t. To dispose in order. [Obs.] Heywood.
Ready-made
Read"y-made` (?), a. Made already, or beforehand, in anticipation of
need; not made to order; as, ready-made clothing; ready-made jokes.
Ready-witted
Read"y-wit`ted (?), a. Having ready wit.
Reaffirm
Re`af*firm" (?), v. t. To affirm again.
Reaffirmance, Reaffirmation
Re`af*firm"ance (?), Re*af`fir*ma"tion (?) n. A second affirmation.
Reafforest
Re`af*for"est (?), v. t. To convert again into the forest, as a region
of country.
Reafforestation
Re`af*for`es*ta"tion (?), n. The act or process of converting again
into a forest.
Reagent
Re*a"gent (?), n. (Chem.) A substance capable of producing with
another a reaction, especially when employed to detect the presence of
other bodies; a test.
Reaggravation
Re*ag`gra*va"tion (?), n. (R. C. Ch.) The last monitory, published
after three admonitions and before the last excommunication.
Reagree
Re`a*gree" (?), v. t. To agree again.
Reak
Reak (?), n. [Wrack seaweed.] A rush. [Obs.] "Feeds on reaks and
reeds." Drant.
Reak
Reak, n. [Cf. Icel. hrekkr, or E. wreak vengeance.] A prank. [Obs.]
"They play such reaks." Beau & Fl.
Real
Re"al (?), n. [Sp., fr. real royal, L. regalis. See Regal, and cf. Ree
a coin.] A small Spanish silver coin; also, a denomination of money of
account, formerly the unit of the Spanish monetary system.
NOTE: &hand; A re al of plate (coin) varied in value according to
the time of its coinage, from 12 down to 10 cents, or from 6 to 5
pence sterling. The real vellon, or money of account, was nearly
equal to five cents, or 2 pence sterling. In 1871 the coinage of
Spain was assimilated to that of the Latin Union, of which the
franc is the unit.
Real
Re*al" (?), a. Royal; regal; kingly. [Obs.] "The blood real of
Thebes." Chaucer.
Real
Re"al (?), a. [LL. realis, fr. L. res, rei, a thing: cf. F. r\'82el.
Cf. Rebus.]
1. Actually being or existing; not fictitious or imaginary; as, a
description of real life.
Whereat I waked, and found Before mine eyes all real, as the dream
Had lively shadowed. Milton.
2. True; genuine; not artificial; counterfeit, or factitious; often
opposed to ostensible; as, the real reason; real Madeira wine; real
ginger.<-- split reason from objects. -->
Whose perfection far excelled Hers in all real dignity. Milton.
5. Relating to things, not to persons. [Obs.]
Many are perfect in men's humors that are not greatly capable of
the real part of business. Bacon.
4. (Alg.) Having an assignable arithmetical or numerical value or
meaning; not imaginary.
5. (Law) Pertaining to things fixed, permanent, or immovable, as to
lands and tenements; as, real property, in distinction from personal
or movable property.
Chattels real (Law), such chattels as are annexed to, or savor of, the
realty, as terms for years of land. See Chattel. -- Real action (Law),
an action for the recovery of real property. -- Real assets (Law),
lands or real estate in the hands of the heir, chargeable with the
debts of the ancestor. -- Real composition (Eccl. Law), an agreement
made between the owner of lands and the parson or vicar, with consent
of the ordinary, that such lands shall be discharged from payment of
tithes, in consequence of other land or recompense given to the parson
in lieu and satisfaction thereof. Blackstone. -- Real estate OR
property, lands, tenements, and hereditaments; freehold interests in
landed property; property in houses and land. Kent. Burrill. -- Real
presence (R. C. Ch.), the actual presence of the body and blood of
Christ in the eucharist, or the conversion of the substance of the
bread and wine into the real body and blood of Christ;
transubstantiation. In other churches there is a belief in a form of
real presence, not however in the sense of transubstantiation. -- Real
servitude, called also Predial servitude (Civil Law), a burden imposed
upon one estate in favor of another estate of another proprietor.
Erskine. Bouvier. Syn. -- Actual; true; genuine; authentic. -- Real,
Actual. Real represents a thing to be a substantive existence; as, a
real, not imaginary, occurrence. Actual refers to it as acted or
performed; and, hence, when we wish to prove a thing real, we often
say, "It actually exists," "It has actually been done." Thus its
really is shown by its actually. Actual, from this reference to being
acted, has recently received a new signification, namely, present; as,
the actual posture of affairs; since what is now in action, or going
on, has, of course, a present existence. An actual fact; a real
sentiment.
For he that but conceives a crime in thought, Contracts the danger
of an actual fault. Dryden.
Our simple ideas are all real; all agree to the reality of things.
Locke.
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Real
Re"al (?), n. A realist. [Obs.] Burton.
Realgar
Re*al"gar (?), n. [F. r\'82algar, Sp. rejalgar, Ar. rahj al gh\'ber
powder of the mine.] (Min.) Arsenic sulphide, a mineral of a brilliant
red color; red orpiment. It is also an artificial product.
Realism
Re"al*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. r\'82alisme.]
1. (Philos.) (a) An opposed to nominalism, the doctrine that genera
and species are real things or entities, existing independently of our
conceptions. According to realism the Universal exists ante rem
(Plato), or in re (Aristotle). (b) As opposed to idealism, the
doctrine that in sense perception there is an immediate cognition of
the external object, and our knowledge of it is not mediate and
representative.
2. (Art & Lit.) Fidelity to nature or to real life; representation
without idealization, and making no appeal to the imagination;
adherence to the actual fact. <-- 3. the practise of assessing facts
and the probabilities of the consequences of actions in an objective
manner; avoidance of unrealistic or impractical beliefs or efforts.
Contrasted to idealism, self-deception, overimaginativeness, or
visionariness. -->
Realist
Re"al*ist, n. [Cf. F. r\'82aliste.]
1. (Philos.) One who believes in realism; esp., one who maintains that
generals, or the terms used to denote the genera and species of
things, represent real existences, and are not mere names, as
maintained by the nominalists.
2. (Art. & Lit.) An artist or writer who aims at realism in his work.
See Realism, 2. <-- 3. a person who avoids unrealistic or impractical
beliefs or efforts. Contrasted to idealist or visionary. -->
Realistic
Re`al*is"tic (?), a. Of or pertaining to the realists; in the manner
of the realists; characterized by realism rather than by imagination.
Realistically
Re`al*is"tic*al*ly, adv. In the realistic manner.
Reality
Re*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Realities (#). [Cf. F. r\'82alit\'82, LL.
realitas. See 3d Real. and cf. 2d Realty.]
1. The state or quality of being real; actual being or existence of
anything, in distinction from mere appearance; fact.
A man fancies that he understands a critic, when in reality he does
not comprehend his meaning. Addison.
2. That which is real; an actual existence; that which is not
imagination, fiction, or pretense; that which has objective existence,
and is not merely an idea.
And to realities yield all her shows. Milton.
My neck may be an idea to you, but it is reality to me. Beattie.
3. [See 1st Realty, 2.] Loyalty; devotion. [Obs.]
To express our reality to the emperor. Fuller.
4. (Law) See 2d Realty, 2.
Realizable
Re"al*i`za*ble (?), a. Capable of being realized.
Realization
Re`al*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. r\'82alisation.] The act of realizing,
or the state of being realized.
Realize
Re"al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Realized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Realizing (?).] [Cf. F. r\'82aliser.]
1. To make real; to convert from the imaginary or fictitious into the
actual; to bring into concrete existence; to accomplish; as, to
realize a scheme or project.
We realize what Archimedes had only in hypothesis, weighting a
single grain against the globe of earth. Glanvill.
2. To cause to seem real; to impress upon the mind as actual; to feel
vividly or strongly; to make one's own in apprehension or experience.
Many coincidences . . . soon begin to appear in them [Greek
inscriptions] which realize ancient history to us. Jowett.
We can not realize it in thought, that the object . . . had really
no being at any past moment. Sir W. Hamilton.
3. To convert into real property; to make real estate of; as, to
realize his fortune.
4. To acquire as an actual possession; to obtain as the result of
plans and efforts; to gain; to get; as, to realize large profits from
a speculation.
Knighthood was not beyond the reach of any man who could by
diligent thrift realize a good estate. Macaulay.
5. To convert into actual money; as, to realize assets.
Realize
Re"al*ize, v. t. To convert any kind of property into money,
especially property representing investments, as shares in stock
companies, bonds, etc.
Wary men took the alarm, and began to realize, a word now first
brought into use to express the conversion of ideal property into
something real. W. Irving.
Realizer
Re"al*i`zer (?), n. One who realizes. Coleridge.
Realizing
Re"al*i`zing (?), a. Serving to make real, or to impress on the mind
as a reality; as, a realizing view of the danger incurred. --
Re"al*i`zing*ly, adv.
Reallege
Re`al*lege" (?), v. t. To allege again. Cotgrave.
Realliance
Re`al*li"ance (?), n. A renewed alliance.
Re-ally
Re"-al*ly" (?), v. t. [Pref. re- + ally, v. t.] To bring together
again; to compose or form anew. Spenser.
Really
Re"al*ly` (?), adv. Royally. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Really
Re"al*ly (?), adv. In a real manner; with or in reality; actually; in
truth.
Whose anger is really but a short fit of madness. Swift.
NOTE: &hand; Re ally is of ten us ed fa miliarly as a sl ight
corroboration of an opinion or a declaration.
Why, really, sixty-five is somewhat old. Young.
Realm
Realm (?), n. [OE. realme, ream, reaume, OF. reialme, roialme, F.
royaume, fr. (assumed) LL. regalimen, from L. regalis royal. See
Regal.]
1. A royal jurisdiction or domain; a region which is under the
dominion of a king; a kingdom.
The absolute master of realms on which the sun perpetually alone.
Motley.
2. Hence, in general, province; region; country; domain; department;
division; as, the realm of fancy.
Realmless
Realm"less, a. Destitute of a realm. Keats.
Realness
Re"al*ness (?), n. The quality or condition of being real; reality.
Realty
Re"al*ty (?), n. [OF. r\'82alt\'82, LL. regalitas, fr. L. regalis. See
Regal.]
1. Royalty. [Obs.] Chaucer.
2. Loyalty; faithfulness. [R.] Milton.
Realty
Re"al*ty, n. [Contr. from 1st Reality.]
1. Realty. [Obs.] Dr. H. More.
2. (Law) (a) Immobility, or the fixed, permanent nature of real
property; as, chattels which savor of the realty; -- so written in
legal language for reality. (b) Real estate; a piece of real property.
Blackstone.
Ream
Ream (?), n. [AS. re\'a0m, akin to G. rahm.] Cream; also, the cream or
froth on ale. [Scot.]
Ream
Ream, v. i. To cream; to mantle. [Scot.]
A huge pewter measuring pot which, in the language of the hostess,
reamed with excellent claret. Sir W. Scott.
Ream
Ream, v. t. [Cf. Reim.] To stretch out; to draw out into thongs,
threads, or filaments.
Ream
Ream, n. [OE. reme, OF. rayme, F. rame (cf. Sp. resma), fr. Ar. rizma
a bundle, especially of paper.] A bundle, package, or quantity of
paper, usually consisting of twenty quires or 480 sheets.<-- now 500
--> Printer's ream, twenty-one and a half quires. [Eng.] A common
practice is now to count five hundred sheets to the ream. Knight.
Ream
Ream, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Reaming.] [Cf.
G. r\'84umen to remove, to clear away, fr. raum room. See Room.] To
bevel out, as the mouth of a hole in wood or metal; in modern usage,
to enlarge or dress out, as a hole, with a reamer.
Reame
Reame (?), n. Realm. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Reamer
Ream"er, n. One who, or that which, reams; specifically, an instrument
with cutting or scraping edges, used, with a twisting motion, for
enlarging a round hole, as a bore of a cannon, etc.
Reamputation
Re*am`pu*ta"tion (?), n. (Surg.) The second of two amputations
performed upon the same member.
Reanimate
Re*an"i*mate (?), v. t. To animate anew; to restore to animation or
life; to infuse new life, vigor, spirit, or courage into; to revive;
to reinvigorate; as, to reanimate a drowned person; to reanimate
disheartened troops; to reanimate languid spirits. Glanvill.
Reanimation
Re*an"i*ma"tion (?), n. The act or operation of reanimating, or the
state of being reanimated; reinvigoration; revival.
Reannex
Re`an*nex" (?), v. t. To annex again or anew; to reunite. "To reannex
that duchy." Bacon.
Reannexation
Re*an`nex*a"tion (?), n. Act of reannexing.
Reanswer
Re*an"swer (?), v. t. & i. To answer in return; to repay; to
compensate; to make amends for.
Which in weight to reanswer, his pettiness would bow under. Shak.
Reap
Reap (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Raped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Reaping.]
[OE. repen, AS. r\'c6pan to seize, reap; cf. D. rapen to glean, reap,
G. raufen to pluck, Goth. raupjan, or E. ripe.]
1. To cut with a sickle, scythe, or reaping machine, as grain; to
gather, as a harvest, by cutting.
When ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not wholly reap
the corners of thy field. Lev.
2. To gather; to obtain; to receive as a reward or harvest, or as the
fruit of labor or of works; -- in a good or a bad sense; as, to reap a
benefit from exertions.
Why do I humble thus myself, and, suing For peace, reap nothing but
repulse and hate? Milton.
3. To clear or a crop by reaping; as, to reap a field.
4. To deprive of the beard; to shave. [R.] Shak.
Reaping hook, an instrument having a hook-shaped blade, used in
reaping; a sickle; -- in a specific sense, distinguished from a sickle
by a blade keen instead of serrated.
Reap
Reap, v. i. To perform the act or operation of reaping; to gather a
harvest.
They that sow in tears shall reap in joy. Ps. cxxvi. 5.
Reap
Reap, n. [Cf. AS. r\'c6p harvest. See Reap, v.] A bundle of grain; a
handful of grain laid down by the reaper as it is cut. [Obs. or Prov.
Eng.] Wright.
Reaper
Reap"er, n.
1. One who reaps.
The sun-burned reapers wiping their foreheads. Macaulay.
2. A reaping machine.
Reapparel
Re`ap*par"el (?), v. t. To clothe again.
Reappear
Re`ap*pear (?), v. i. To appear again.
Reappearance
Re`ap*pear"ance (?), v. i. A second or new appearance; the act or
state of appearing again.
Reapplication
Re*ap`pli*ca"tion (?), n. The act of reapplying, or the state of being
reapplied.
Reapply
Re`ap*ply" (?), v. t. & i. To apply again.
Reappoint
Re`ap*point" (?), v. t. To appoint again.
Reappointment
Re`ap*point"ment (?), n. The act of reappointing, or the state of
being reappointed.
Reapportion
Re`ap*por"tion (?), v. t. To apportion again.
Reapportionment
Re`ap*por"tion*ment (?), n. A second or a new apportionment.
Reapproach
Re`ap*proach" (?), v. i. & t. To approach again or anew.
Rear
Rear (?), adv. Early; soon. [Prov. Eng.]
Then why does Cuddy leave his cot so rear! Gay.
Rear
Rear, n. [OF. riere behind, backward, fr. L. retro. Cf. Arrear.]
1. The back or hindmost part; that which is behind, or last on order;
-- opposed to front.
Nipped with the lagging rear of winter's frost. Milton.
2. Specifically, the part of an army or fleet which comes last, or is
stationed behind the rest.
When the fierce foe hung on our broken rear. Milton.
Rear
Rear, a. Being behind, or in the hindmost part; hindmost; as, the rear
rank of a company. Rear admiral, an officer in the navy, next in rank
below a vice admiral, and above a commodore. See Admiral. -- Rear
front (Mil.), the rear rank of a body of troops when faced about and
standing in that position. -- Rear guard (Mil.), the division of an
army that marches in the rear of the main body to protect it; -- used
also figuratively. -- Rear line (Mil.), the line in the rear of an
army. -- Rear rank (Mil.), the rank or line of a body of troops which
is in the rear, or last in order. -- Rear sight (Firearms), the sight
nearest the breech. -- To bring up the rear, to come last or behind.
Rear
Rear (?), v. t. To place in the rear; to secure the rear of. [R.]
Rear
Rear, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Rearing.] [AS.
r&aemac;ran to raise, rear, elevate, for r&aemac;san, causative of
r\'c6san to rise. See Rise, and cf. Raise.]
1. To raise; to lift up; to cause to rise, become erect, etc.; to
elevate; as, to rear a monolith.
In adoration at his feet I fell Submiss; he reared me. Milton.
It reareth our hearts from vain thoughts. Barrow.
Mine [shall be] the first hand to rear her banner. Ld. Lytton.
2. To erect by building; to set up; to construct; as, to rear defenses
or houses; to rear one government on the ruins of another.
One reared a font of stone. Tennyson.
3. To lift and take up. [Obs. or R.]
And having her from Trompart lightly reared, Upon his set the
lovely load. Spenser.
4. To bring up to maturity, as young; to educate; to instruct; to
foster; as, to rear offspring.
He wants a father to protect his youth, And rear him up to virtue.
Southern.
5. To breed and raise; as, to rear cattle.
6. To rouse; to strip up. [Obs.]
And seeks the tusky boar to rear. Dryden.
Syn. -- To lift; elevate; erect; raise, build; establish. See the Note
under Raise, 3 (c).
Rear
Rear, v. i. To rise up on the hind legs, as a horse; to become erect.
Rearing bit, a bit designed to prevent a horse from lifting his head
when rearing. Knight.
Reardorse, Reardoss
Rear"dorse (?), Rear"doss (?), n. A reredos.
Rearer
Rear"er (?), n. One he, or that which, rears.
Reargue
Re*ar"gue (?), v. t. To argue anew or again.
Reargument
Re*ar"gu*ment (?), n. An arguing over again, as of a motion made in
court.
Rear-horse
Rear"-horse` (?), n. [So called because it rears up when disturbed.]
(Zo\'94l.) A mantis.
Rearly
Rear"ly, adv. Early. [Obs.] Beau. & Ft.
Rearmost
Rear"most` (?), a. Farthest in the rear; last.
Rearmouse, Reremouse
Rear"mouse`, Rere"mouse` (?), n. [AS. hr&emac;rem&umac;s; probably fr.
hr&emac;ran to agitate, stir (akin to G. r\'81hren, Icel. hr\'91ra) +
m&umac;s mouse.] (Zo\'94l.) The leather-winged bat (Vespertilio
murinus). [Written also reermouse.]
Rearrange
Re`ar*range" (?), v. t. To arrange again; to arrange in a different
way.
Rearrangement
Re`ar*range"ment (?), n. The act of rearranging, or the state of being
rearranged.
Rearward
Rear"ward`, n. [Rear + ward.] The last troop; the rear of an army; a
rear guard. Also used figuratively. Shak.
Rearward
Rear"ward (?), a. & adv. At or toward the rear.
Reascend
Re`as*cend" (?), v. i. To rise, mount, or climb again.
Reascend
Re`as*cend", v. t. To ascend or mount again; to reach by ascending
again.
He mounts aloft, and reascends the skies. Addison.
Reascension
Re`as*cen"sion (?), n. The act of reascending; a remounting.
Reascent
Re`as*cent" (?), n. A returning ascent or ascension; acclivity.
Cowper.
Reason
Rea"son (?), n. [OE. resoun, F. raison, fr. L. ratio (akin to Goth.
rapj number, account, garapjan to count, G. rede speech, reden to
speak), fr. reri, ratus, to reckon, believe, think. Cf. Arraign, Rate,
Ratio, Ration.]
1. A thought or a consideration offered in support of a determination
or an opinion; a just ground for a conclusion or an action; that which
is offered or accepted as an explanation; the efficient cause of an
occurrence or a phenomenon; a motive for an action or a determination;
proof, more or less decisive, for an opinion or a conclusion;
principle; efficient cause; final cause; ground of argument.
I'll give him reasons for it. Shak.
The reason of the motion of the balance in a wheel watch is by the
motion of the next wheel. Sir M. Hale.
This reason did the ancient fathers render, why the church was
called "catholic." Bp. Pearson.
Virtue and vice are not arbitrary things; but there is a natural
and eternal reason for that goodness and virtue, and against vice
and wickedness. Tillotson.
2. The faculty of capacity of the human mind by which it is
distinguished from the intelligence of the inferior animals; the
higher as distinguished from the lower cognitive faculties, sense,
imagination, and memory, and in contrast to the feelings and desires.
Reason comprises conception, judgment, reasoning, and the intuitional
faculty. Specifically, it is the intuitional faculty, or the faculty
of first truths, as distinguished from the understanding, which is
called the discursive or ratiocinative faculty.
We have no other faculties of perceiving or knowing anything divine
or human, but by our five senses and our reason. P. Browne.
In common and popular discourse, reason denotes that power by which
we distinguish truth from falsehood, and right from wrong, and by
which we are enabled to combine means for the attainment of
particular ends. Stewart.
Reason is used sometimes to express the whole of those powers which
elevate man above the brutes, and constitute his rational nature,
more especially, perhaps, his intellectual powers; sometimes to
express the power of deduction or argumentation. Stewart.
By the pure reason I mean the power by which we become possessed of
principles. Coleridge.
The sense perceives; the understanding, in its own peculiar
operation, conceives; the reason, or rationalized understanding,
comprehends. Coleridge.
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3. Due exercise of the reasoning faculty; accordance with, or that
which is accordant with and ratified by, the mind rightly exercised;
right intellectual judgment; clear and fair deductions from true
principles; that which is dictated or supported by the common sense of
mankind; right conduct; right; propriety; justice.
I was promised, on a time, To have reason for my rhyme. Spenser.
But law in a free nation hath been ever public reason; the enacted
reason of a parliament, which he denying to enact, denies to govern
us by that which ought to be our law; interposing his own private
reason, which to us is no law. Milton.
The most probable way of bringing France to reason would be by the
making an attempt on the Spanish West Indies. Addison.
4. (Math.) Ratio; proportion. [Obs.] Barrow.
By reason of, by means of; on account of; because of. "Spain is thin
sown of people, partly by reason of the sterility of the soil." Bacon.
In reason, In all reason, in justice; with rational ground; in a right
view.
When anything is proved by as good arguments as a thing of that
kind is capable of, we ought not, in reason, to doubt of its
existence. Tillotson.
-- It is reason, it is reasonable; it is right. [Obs.]
Yet it were great reason, that those that have children should have
greatest care of future times. Bacon.
Syn. -- Motive; argument; ground; consideration; principle; sake;
account; object; purpose; design. See Motive, Sense.
Reason
Rea"son (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reasoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reasoning.] [Cf. F. raisonner. See Reason, n.]
1. To exercise the rational faculty; to deduce inferences from
premises; to perform the process of deduction or of induction; to
ratiocinate; to reach conclusions by a systematic comparison of facts.
2. Hence: To carry on a process of deduction or of induction, in order
to convince or to confute; to formulate and set forth propositions and
the inferences from them; to argue.
Stand still, that I may reason with you, before the Lord, of all
the righteous acts of the Lord. 1 Sam. xii. 7.
3. To converse; to compare opinions. Shak.
Reason
Rea"son, v. t.
1. To arrange and present the reasons for or against; to examine or
discuss by arguments; to debate or discuss; as, I reasoned the matter
with my friend.
When they are clearly discovered, well digested, and well reasoned
in every part, there is beauty in such a theory. T. Burnet.
2. To support with reasons, as a request. [R.] Shak.
3. To persuade by reasoning or argument; as, to reason one into a
belief; to reason one out of his plan.
Men that will not be reasoned into their senses. L'Estrange.
4. To overcome or conquer by adducing reasons; -- with down; as, to
reason down a passion.
5. To find by logical process; to explain or justify by reason or
argument; -- usually with out; as, to reason out the causes of the
librations of the moon.
Reasonable
Rea"son*a*ble (?), a. [OE. resonable, F. raisonnable, fr. L.
rationabilis. See Reason, n.]
1. Having the faculty of reason; endued with reason; rational; as, a
reasonable being.
2. Governed by reason; being under influence of reason; thinking,
speaking or acting rationally, or according to the dictates of reason;
agreeable to reason; just; rational; as, the measure must satisfy all
reasonable men.
By indubitable certainty, I mean that which doth not admit of any
reasonable cause of doubting. Bp. Wilkins.
Men have no right to what is not reasonable. Burke.
3. Not excessive or immoderate; within due limits; proper; as, a
reasonable demand, amount, price.
Let . . . all things be thought upon That may, with reasonable
swiftness, add More feathers to you wings. Shak.
Syn. -- Rational; just; honest; equitable; fair; suitable; moderate;
tolerable. See Rational.
Reasonable
Rea"son*a*ble, adv. Reasonable; tolerably. [Obs.]
I have a reasonable good ear in music. Shak.
Reasonableness
Rea"son*a*ble*ness, n. Quality of being reasonable.
Reasonably
Rea"son*a*bly, adv.
1. In a reasonable manner.
2. Moderately; tolerably. "Reasonably perfect in the language."
Holder.
Reasoner
Rea"son*er (?), n. One who reasons or argues; as, a fair reasoner; a
close reasoner; a logical reasoner.
Reasoning
Rea"son*ing, n.
1. The act or process of adducing a reason or reasons; manner of
presenting one's reasons.
2. That which is offered in argument; proofs or reasons when arranged
and developed; course of argument.
His reasoning was sufficiently profound. Macaulay.
Syn. -- Argumentation; argument. -- Reasoning, Argumentation. Few
words are more interchanged than these; and yet, technically, there is
a difference between them. Reasoning is the broader term, including
both deduction and induction. Argumentation denotes simply the former,
and descends from the whole to some included part; while reasoning
embraces also the latter, and ascends from a part to a whole. See
Induction. Reasoning is occupied with ideas and their relations;
argumentation has to do with the forms of logic. A thesis is set down:
you attack, I defend it; you insist, I prove; you distinguish, I
destroy your distinctions; my replies balance or overturn your
objections. Such is argumentation. It supposes that there are two
sides, and that both agree to the same rules. Reasoning, on the other
hand, is often a natural process, by which we form, from the general
analogy of nature, or special presumptions in the case, conclusions
which have greater or less degrees of force, and which may be
strengthened or weakened by subsequent experience.
Reasonist
Rea"son*ist, n. A rationalist. [Obs.]
Such persons are now commonly called "reasonists" and
"rationalists," to distinguish them from true reasoners and
rational inquirers. Waterland.
Reasonless
Rea"son*less, a.
1. Destitute of reason; as, a reasonless man or mind. Shak.
2. Void of reason; not warranted or supported by reason; unreasonable.
This proffer is absurd and reasonless. Shak.
Reassemblage
Re`as*sem"blage (?), n. Assemblage a second time or again.
Reassemble
Re`as*sem"ble (?), v. t. & i. To assemble again.
Reassert
Re`as*sert" (?), v. t. To assert again or anew; to maintain after an
omission to do so.
Let us hope . . . we may have a body of authors who will reassert
our claim to respectability in literature. Walsh.
Reassertion
Re`as*ser"tion (?), n. A second or renewed assertion of the same
thing.
Reassessment
Re`as*sess"ment (?), n. A renewed or second assessment.
Reassign
Re`as*sign" (?), v. t. To assign back or again; to transfer back what
has been assigned.
Reassignment
Re`as*sign"ment (?), n. The act of reassigning.
Reassimilate
Re`as*sim"i*late (?), v. t. & i. To assimilate again. --
Re`as*sim`i*la"tion (#), n.
Reassociate
Re`as*so"ci*ate (?), v. t. & i. To associate again; to bring again
into close relatoins.
Reassume
Re`as*sume" (?), v. t. To assume again or anew; to resume. --
Re`as*sump"tion (#), n.
Reassurance
Re`as*sur"ance (?), n.
1. Assurance or confirmation renewed or repeated. Prynne.
2. (Law) Same as Reinsurance.
Reassure
Re`as*sure" (?), v. t.
1. To assure anew; to restore confidence to; to free from fear or
terror.
They rose with fear, . . . Till dauntless Pallas reassured the
rest. Dryden.
2. To reinsure.
Reassurer
Re`as*sur"er (?), n. One who reassures.
Reasty
Reas"ty (?), a. [Etymol. uncertain.] Rusty and rancid; -- applied to
salt meat. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser. -- Reas"ti*ness (#), n. [Obs.
or Prov. Eng.]
Reata
Re*a"ta (?), n. [Sp.] A lariat.
Reattach
Re`at*tach (?), v. t. To attach again.<-- the object reattached may
have been an integral part which had never been "attached" (trans),
e.g., to reattach a severed finger. -->
Reattachment
Re`at*tach"ment (?), n. The act of reattaching; a second attachment.
Reattain
Re`at*tain" (?), v. t. To attain again.
Reattainment
Re`at*tain"ment (?), n. The act of reattaining.
Reattempt
Re`at*tempt" (?), v. t. To attempt again.
Reaume
Re`aume (?), n. Realm. [Obs.] Chaucer.
R\'82aumur
R\'82`au`mur" (?), a. Of or pertaining to Ren\'82 Antoine Ferchault de
R\'82aumur; conformed to the scale adopted by R\'82aumur in graduating
the thermometer he invented. -- n. A R\'82aumur thermometer or scale.
NOTE: &hand; Th e R\ '82aumur th ermometer is so graduated that 0°
marks the freezing point and 80° the boiling point of water.
Frequently indicated by R. Cf. Centigrade, and Fahrenheit. See
Illust. of Thermometer.
Reave
Reave (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reaved (?), Reft (, or Raft ( (obs.);
p. pr. & vb. n. Reaving.] [AS. re\'a0fian, from re\'a0f spoil,
plunder, clothing, re\'a2fan to break (cf. bire\'a2fan to deprive of);
akin to G. rauben to rob, Icel. raufa to rob, rj&umac;fa to break,
violate, Goth. bir\'a0ubon to despoil, L. rumpere to break; cf. Skr.
lup to break. &root;114. Cf. Bereave, Rob, v. t., Robe, Rove, v. t.,
Rupture.] To take away by violence or by stealth; to snatch away; to
rob; to despoil; to bereave. [Archaic]. "To reave his life." Spenser.
He golden apples raft of the dragon. Chaucer.
By privy stratagem my life at home. Chapman.
<-- #sic. Obviously, something left out of this quote. -->
To reave the orphan of his patrimony. Shak.
The heaven caught and reft him of his tongue. Tennyson.
Reaver
Reav"er (?), n. One who reaves. [Archaic]
Reawake
Re`a*wake" (?), v. i. To awake again.
Rebanish
Re*ban"ish (?), v. t. To banish again.
Rebaptism
Re*bap"tism (?), n. A second baptism.
Rebaptisation
Re*bap`ti*sa"tion, n. [Cf. F. rebaptisation.] A second baptism. [Obs.]
Hooker.
Rebaptize
Re`bap*tize" (?), v. t. [Pref. re- + baptist: of F. rebaptiser, L.
rebaptizare.] To baptize again or a second time.
Rebaptizer
Re`bap*tiz"er (?), n. One who rebaptizes.
Rebarbarize
Re*bar"ba*rize (?), v. t. To reduce again to barbarism. --
Re*bar`ba*ri*za"tion (#), n.
Germany . . . rebarbarized by polemical theology and religious
wars. Sir W. Hamilton.
Rebate
Re*bate" (?), v. t. [F. rebattre to beat again; pref re- re- + battre
to beat, L. batuere to beat, strike. See Abate.]
1. To beat to obtuseness; to deprive of keenness; to blunt; to turn
back the point of, as a lance used for exercise.
But doth rebate and blunt his natural edge. Shak.
2. To deduct from; to make a discount from, as interest due, or
customs duties. Blount. <-- 2 (b). To return a portion of a sum paid,
as a method of discounting. -->
Rebated cross, a cross which has the extremities of the arms bent back
at right angles, as in the fylfot.
Rebate
Re*bate", v. i. To abate; to withdraw. [Obs.] Foxe.
Rebate
Re*bate", n.
1. Diminution.
2. (Com.) Deduction; abatement; as, a rebate of interest for immediate
payment; a rebate of importation duties. Bouvier. <-- 2 (b). A portion
of a sum paid, returned to the purchaser, as a method of discounting.
The rebate is sometimes returned by the manufacturer, after the full
price is paid to the retailer by the purchaser. -->
Rebate
Re*bate", n. [See Rabbet.]
1. (Arch.) A restangular longitudinal recess or groove, cut in the
corner or edge of any body; a rabbet. See Rabbet.
2. A piece of wood hafted into a long stick, and serving to beat out
mortar. Elmes.
3. An iron tool sharpened something like a chisel, and used for
dressing and polishing wood. Elmes.
4. [Perhaps a different word.] A kind of hard freestone used in making
pavements. [R.] Elmes.
Rebate
Re*bate", v. t. To cut a rebate in. See Rabbet, v.
Rebatement
Re*bate"ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. rabatement, fr. rabatre to diminish, F.
rabatre.] Same as 3d Rebate, v.
Rebato
Re*ba"to (?), n. Same as Rabato. Burton.
Rebec
Re"bec (?), n. [F., fr. It. ribeca, ribeba, fr. Ar. rab\'beb a musical
instrument of a round form.]
1. (Mus.) An instrument formerly used which somewhat resembled the
violin, having three strings, and being played with a bow. [Written
also rebeck.] Milton.
He turn'd his rebec to a mournful note. Drayton.
2. A contemptuous term applied to an old woman. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Rebel
Reb"el (?), a. [F. rebelle, fr. L. rebellis. See Rebel, v. t.]
Pertaining to rebels or rebellion; acting in revolt; rebellious; as,
rebel troops.
Whoso be rebel to my judgment. Chaucer.
Convict by flight, and rebel to all law. Milton.
Rebel
Reb"el, n. [F. rebelle.] One who rebels. Syn. -- Revolter; insurgent.
-- Rebel, Insurgent. Insurgent marks an early, and rebel a more
advanced, stage of opposition to government. The former rises up
against his rulers, the latter makes war upon them.
Rebel
Re*bel" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Rebelled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rebelling.] [F. rebeller, fr. L. rebellare to make war again; pref.
re- again + bellare to make war, fr. bellum war. See Bellicose, and
cf. Revel to carouse.]
1. To renounce, and resist by force, the authority of the ruler or
government to which one owes obedience. See Rebellion.
The murmur and the churl's rebelling. Chaucer.
Ye have builded you an altar, that ye might rebel this day against
the Lord. Josh. xxii. 16.
2. To be disobedient to authority; to assume a hostile or
insubordinate attitude; to revolt.
Hoe could my hand rebel against my heart? How could you heart rebel
against your reason? Dryden.
Rebeldom
Reb"el*dom (?), n. A region infested by rebels; rebels, considered
collectively; also, conduct o Thackeray.
Rebeller
Re*bel"ler (?), n. One who rebels; a rebel.
Rebellion
Re*bel"lion (?), n. [F. r\'82bellion, L. rebellio. See Rebel, v. t.
Among the Romans rebellion was originally a revolt or open resistance
to their government by nations that had been subdued in war. It was a
renewed war.]
1. The act of rebelling; open and avowed renunciation of the authority
of the government to which one owes obedience, and resistances to its
officers and laws, either by levying war, or by aiding others to do
so; an organized uprising of subjects for the purpose of coercing or
overthrowing their lawful ruler or government by force; revolt;
insurrection.
No sooner is the standard of rebellion displayed than men of
desperate principles resort to it. Ames.
2. Open resistances to, or defiance of, lawful authority.
Commission of rebellion (Eng. Law), a process of contempt on the
nonappearance of a defendant, -- non abolished. Wharton. Burrill. Syn.
-- Insurrection; sedition; revolt; mutiny; resistances; contumacy. See
Insurrection.
Rebellious
Re*bel"lious (?), a. Engaged in rebellion; disposed to rebel of the
nature of rebels or of rebellion; resisting government or lawful
authority by force. "Thy rebellious crew." "Proud rebellious arms."
Milton. -- Re*bel"lious*ly, adv. -- Re*bel"lious*ness, n.
Rebellow
Re*bel"low (?), v. i. To bellow again; to repeat or echo a bellow.
The cave rebellowed, and the temple shook. Dryden.
Rebiting
Re*bit"ing (?), n. (Etching) The act or process of deepening worn
lines in an etched plate by submitting it again to the action if acid.
Fairholt.
Rebloom
Re*bloom" (?), v. i. To bloom again. Crabbe.
Reblossom
Re*blos"som (?), v. i. To blossom again.
Reboant
Re*bo"ant (?), a. [L. reboans, p. pr. of reboare; pref. re- re- +
boare to cry aloud.] Rebellowing; resounding loudly. [R.] Mrs.
Browning.
Reboation
Re`bo*a"tion (?), n. Repetition of a bellow. [R.] Bp. Patrick.
Reboil
Re*boil" (?), v. t. & i. [Pref. re- + boil: cf. F. rebouillir.]
1. To boil, or to cause to boil, again.
2. Fig.: To make or to become hot. [Obs.]
Some of his companions thereat reboyleth. Sir T. Elyot.
Reborn
Re*born" (?), p. p. Born again.
Rebound
Re*bound" (?), v. i. [Pref. re- + bound: cf. F. rebondir.]
1. To spring back; to start back; to be sent back or reverberated by
elastic force on collision with another body; as, a rebounding echo.
Bodies which are absolutely hard, or so soft as to be void of
elasticity, will not rebound from one another. Sir I. Newton.
2. To give back an echo. [R.] T. Warton.
3. To bound again or repeatedly, as a horse. Pope.
Rebounding lock (Firearms), one in which the hammer rebounds to half
cock after striking the cap or primer.
Rebound
Re*bound", v. t. To send back; to reverberate.
Silenus sung; the vales his voice rebound. Dryden.
Rebound
Re*bound", n. The act of rebounding; resilience.
Flew . . . back, as from a rock, with swift rebound. Dryden.
Rebrace
Re*brace" (?), v. t. To brace again. Gray.
Rebreathe
Re*breathe" (?), v. t. To breathe again.
Rebucous
Re*bu"cous (?), a. Rebuking. [Obs.]
She gave unto him many rebucous words. Fabyan.
Rebuff
Re*buff" (?), n. [It. ribuffo, akin to ribuffare to repulse; pref. ri-
(L. re-) + buffo puff. Cf. Buff to strike, Buffet a blow.]
1. Repercussion, or beating back; a quick and sudden resistance.
The strong rebuff of some tumultuous cloud. Milton.
2. Sudden check; unexpected repulse; defeat; refusal; repellence;
rejection of solicitation.
Rebuff
Re*buff", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rebuffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rebuffing.] To beat back; to offer sudden resistance to; to check; to
repel or repulse violently, harshly, or uncourteously.
Rebuild
Re*build" (?), v. t. To build again, as something which has been
demolished; to construct anew; as, to rebuild a house, a wall, a
wharf, or a city.
Rebuilder
Re*build"er (?), n. One who rebuilds. Bp. Bull.
Rebukable
Re*buk"a*ble (?), a. Worthy of rebuke or reprehension; reprehensible.
Shak.
Rebuke
Re*buke" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rebuked (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rebuking.] [OF. rebouquier to dull, blunt, F. reboucher; perhaps fr.
pref. re- re- + bouche mouth, OF. also bouque, L. bucca cheek; if so,
the original sense was, to stop the mouth of; hence, to stop,
obstruct.] To check, silence, or put down, with reproof; to restrain
by expression of disapprobation; to reprehend sharply and summarily;
to chide; to reprove; to admonish.
The proud he tamed, the penitent he cheered, Nor to rebuke the rich
offender feared. Dryden.
Syn. -- To reprove; chide; check; chasten; restrain; silence. See
Reprove.
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Rebuke
Re*buke" (?), n.
1. A direct and pointed reproof; a reprimand; also, chastisement;
punishment.
For thy sake I have suffered rebuke. Jer. xv. 15.
Why bear you these rebukes and answer not? Shak.
2. Check; rebuff. [Obs.] L'Estrange.
To be without rebuke, to live without giving cause of reproof or
censure; to be blameless.
Rebukeful
Re*buke"ful (?), a. Containing rebuke; of the nature of rebuke. [Obs.]
-- Re*buke"ful*ly, adv. [Obs.]
Rebuker
Re*buk"er (?), n. One who rebukes.
Rebukingly
Re*buk"ing*ly, adv. By way of rebuke.
Rebullition
Re`bul*li"tion (?), n. The act of boiling up or effervescing. [R.] Sir
H. Wotton.
Rebury
Re*bur"y (?), v. t. To bury again. Ashmole.
Rebus
Re"bus (?), n.; pl. Rebuses (#). [L. rebus by things, abl. pl. of res
a thing: cf. F. r\'82bus. Cf. 3d things, abl. pl. of res a thing: cf.
F. r\'82bus. Cf. 3d Real.]
1. A mode of expressing words and phrases by pictures of objects whose
names resemble those words, or the syllables of which they are
composed; enigmatical representation of words by figures; hence, a
peculiar form of riddle made up of such representations.
NOTE: &hand; A gallant, in love with a woman named Rose Hill, had,
embroidered on his gown, a rose, a hill, an eye, a loaf, and a
well, signifying, Rose Hill I love well.
2. (Her.) A pictorial suggestion on a coat of arms of the name of the
person to whom it belongs. See Canting arms, under Canting.
Rebus
Re"bus, v. t. To mark or indicate by a rebus.
He [John Morton] had a fair library rebused with More in text and
Tun under it. Fuller.
Rebut
Re*but" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rebutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Rebutting.]
[OF. reb to repulse, drive back; pref. re- + bouter to push, thrust.
See 1st Butt, Boutade.]
1. To drive or beat back; to repulse.
Who him, recount'ring fierce, as hawk in flight, Perforce rebutted
back. Spenser.
2. (Law) To contradict, meet, or oppose by argument, plea, or
countervailing proof. Abbott.
Rebut
Re*but", v. i.
1. To retire; to recoil. [Obs.] Spenser.
2. (Law) To make, or put in, an answer, as to a plaintiff's
surrejoinder.
The plaintiff may answer the rejoinder by a surrejoinder; on which
the defendant. Blackstone.
Rebuttable
Re*but"ta*ble (?), a. Capable of being rebutted.
Rebuttal
Re*but"tal (?), n. (Law) The giving of evidence on the part of a
plaintiff to destroy the effect of evidence introduced by the
defendant in the same suit.
Rebutter
Re*but"ter (?), n. (Law) The answer of a defendant in matter of fact
to a plaintiff's surrejoinder.
Recadency
Re*ca"den*cy (?), n. A falling back or descending a second time; a
relapse. W. Montagu.
Recalcitrant
Re*cal"ci*trant (?), a. [L. recalcitrans, p. pr. of recalcitrare to
kick back; pref. re- re- + calcitrare to kick, fr. calx heel. Cf.
Inculcate.] Kicking back; recalcitrating; hence, showing repugnance or
opposition; refractory.
Recalcitrate
Re*cal"ci*trate (?), v. t. To kick against; to show repugnance to; to
rebuff.
The more heartily did one disdain his disdain, and recalcitrate his
tricks. De Quincey.
Recalcitrate
Re*cal"ci*trate, v. i. To kick back; to kick against anything; hence,
to express repugnance or opposition.
Recalcitration
Re*cal`ci*tra"tion (?), n. A kicking back again; opposition;
repugnance; refractoriness.
Recall
Re*call" (?), v. t.
1. To call back; to summon to return; as, to recall troops; to recall
an ambassador.
2. To revoke; to annul by a subsequent act; to take back; to withdraw;
as, to recall words, or a decree.
Passed sentence may not be recall'd. Shak.
3. To call back to mind; to revive in memory; to recollect; to
remember; as, to recall bygone days.
Recall
Re*call", n.
1. A calling back; a revocation.
'T his done, and since 't is done, 't is past recall. Dryden.
2. (Mil.) A call on the trumpet, bugle, or drum, by which soldiers are
recalled from duty, labor, etc. Wilhelm.
Recallable
Re*call"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being recalled.
Recallment
Re*call"ment (?), n. Recall. [R.] R. Browning.
Recant
Re*cant" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recanted; p. pr. & vb. n.
Recanting.] [L. recantare, recantatum, to recall, recant; pref. re-
re- + cantare to sing, to sound. See 3d Cant, Chant.] To withdraw or
repudiate formally and publicly (opinions formerly expressed); to
contradict, as a former declaration; to take back openly; to retract;
to recall.
How soon . . . ease would recant Vows made in pain, as violent and
void! Milton.
Syn. -- To retract; recall; revoke; abjure; disown; disavow. See
Renounce.
Recant
Re*cant", v. i. To revoke a declaration or proposition; to unsay what
has been said; to retract; as, convince me that I am wrong, and I will
recant. Dryden.
Recantation
Re`can*ta"tion (?), n. The act of recanting; a declaration that
contradicts a former one; that which is thus asserted in
contradiction; retraction.
The poor man was imprisoned for this discovery, and forced to make
a public recantation. Bp. Stillingfleet.
Recanter
Re*cant"er (?), n. One who recants.
Recapacitate
Re`ca*pac"i*tate (?), v. t. To qualify again; to confer capacity on
again. Atterbury.
Recapitulate
Re*ca*pit"u*late (?), v. t. [L. recapitulare, recapitulatum; pref. re-
re- + capitulum a small head, chapter, section. See Capitulate.] To
repeat, as the principal points in a discourse, argument, or essay; to
give a summary of the principal facts, points, or arguments of; to
relate in brief; to summarize.
Recapitulate
Re`ca*pit"u*late (?), v. i. To sum up, or enumerate by heads or
topics, what has been previously said; to repeat briefly the
substance.
Recapitulation
Re`ca*pit`u*la"tion (?), n. [LL. recapitulatio: cf. F.
recapitulation.] The act of recapitulating; a summary, or concise
statement or enumeration, of the principal points, facts, or
statements, in a preceding discourse, argument, or essay.
Recapitulator
Re`ca*pit"u*la`tor (?), n. One who recapitulates.
Recapitulatory
Re`ca*pit"u*la*to*ry (?), a. Of the nature of a recapitulation;
containing recapitulation.
Recapper
Re*cap"per (?), n. (Firearms) A tool used for applying a fresh
percussion cap or primer to a cartridge shell in reloading it.
Recaption
Re*cap"tion (?), n. (Law) The act of retaking, as of one who has
escaped after arrest; reprisal; the retaking of one's own goods,
chattels, wife, or children, without force or violence, from one who
has taken them and who wrongfully detains them. Blackstone. Writ of
recaption (Law), a writ to recover damages for him whose goods, being
distrained for rent or service, are distrained again for the same
cause.Wharton.
Recaptor
Re*cap"tor (?), n. One who recaptures; one who takes a prize which had
been previously taken.
Recapture
Re*cap"ture (?; 135), n.
1. The act of retaking or recovering by capture; especially, the
retaking of a prize or goods from a captor.
2. That which is captured back; a prize retaken.
Recapture
Re*cap"ture, v. t. To capture again; to retake.
Recarbonize
Re*car"bon*ize (?), v. t. (Metal.) To restore carbon to; as, to
recarbonize iron in converting it into steel.
Recarnify
Re*car"ni*fy (?), v. t. To convert again into flesh. [Obs.] Howell.
Recarriage
Re*car"riage (?), n. Act of carrying back.
Recarry
Re*car"ry (?), v. t. To carry back. Walton.
Recast
Re*cast" (?), v. t.
1. To throw again. Florio.
2. To mold anew; to cast anew; to throw into a new from a shape; to
reconstruct; as, to recast cannon; to recast an argument or a play.
3. To compute, or cast up, a second time.
Recche
Rec"che (?), v. i. To reck. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Reccheles
Rec"che*les (?), a. Reckless. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Recede
Re*cede" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Receded; p. pr. & vb. n. Receding.]
[L. recedere, recessum; pref. re- re- + cedere to go, to go along: cf.
F. rec\'82der. See Cede.]
1. To move back; to retreat; to withdraw.
Like the hollow roar Of tides receding from the instituted shore.
Dryden.
All bodies moved circularly endeavor to recede from the center.
Bentley.
2. To withdraw a claim or pretension; to desist; to relinquish what
had been proposed or asserted; as, to recede from a demand or
proposition. Syn. -- To retire; retreat; return; retrograde; withdraw;
desist.
Recede
Re*cede" (?), v. t. [Pref. re- + cede. Cf. Recede, v. t.] To cede
back; to grant or yield again to a former possessor; as, to recede
conquered territory.
Receipt
Re*ceipt" (?), n. [OE. receite, OF. recete, recepte, F. recette, fr.
L. recipere, receptum, to receive. See Receive.]
1. The act of receiving; reception. "At the receipt of your letter."
Shak.
2. Reception, as an act of hospitality. [Obs.]
Thy kind receipt of me. Chapman.
3. Capability of receiving; capacity. [Obs.]
It has become a place of great receipt. Evelyn.
4. Place of receiving. [Obs.]
He saw a man, named Matthew, sitting at the receipt of custom.
Matt. ix. 9.
5. Hence, a recess; a retired place. [Obs.] "In a retired receipt
together lay." Chapman.
6. A formulary according to the directions of which things are to be
taken or combined; a recipe; as, a receipt for making sponge cake.
She had a receipt to make white hair black. Sir T. Browne.
7. A writing acknowledging the taking or receiving of goods delivered;
an acknowledgment of money paid.
8. That which is received; that which comes in, in distinction from
what is expended, paid out, sent away, and the like; -- usually in the
plural; as, the receipts amounted to a thousand dollars.
Cross receipts. See under Gross, a.
Receipt
Re*ceipt", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Receipted; p. pr. & vb. n. Receipting.]
1. To give a receipt for; as, to receipt goods delivered by a sheriff.
2. To put a receipt on, as by writing or stamping; as, to receipt a
bill.
Receipt
Re*ceipt", v. i. To give a receipt, as for money paid.
Receiptment
Re*ceipt"ment (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) The receiving or harboring a felon
knowingly, after the commission of a felony. Burrill.
Receiptor
Re*ceipt"or (?), n. One who receipts; specifically (Law), one who
receipts for property which has been taken by the sheriff.
Receit
Re*ceit" (?), n. Receipt. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Receivability
Re*ceiv`a*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being receivable;
receivableness.
Receivable
Re*ceiv"a*ble (?), a. [Cf. F. recevable.] Capable of being received.
-- Re*ceiv"a*ble*ness, n. Bills receivable. See under 6th Bill.
Receive
Re*ceive" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Received (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Receiving.] [OF. receiver, recevoir, F. recevoir, fr. L. recipere;
pref. re- re- + capere to take, seize. See See Capable, Heave, and cf.
Receipt, Reception, Recipe.]
1. To take, as something that is offered, given, committed, sent,
paid, or the like; to accept; as, to receive money offered in payment
of a debt; to receive a gift, a message, or a letter.
Receyven all in gree that God us sent. Chaucer.
2. Hence: To gain the knowledge of; to take into the mind by assent
to; to give admission to; to accept, as an opinion, notion, etc.; to
embrace.
Our hearts receive your warnings. Shak.
The idea of solidity we receives by our touch. Locke.
3. To allow, as a custom, tradition, or the like; to give credence or
acceptance to.
Many other things there be which they have received to hold, as the
washing of cups, and pots. Mark vii. 4.
4. To give admittance to; to permit to enter, as into one's house,
presence, company, and the like; as, to receive a lodger, visitor,
ambassador, messenger, etc.
They kindled a fire, and received us every one. Acts xxviii. 2.
5. To admit; to take in; to hold; to contain; to have capacity fro; to
be able to take in.
The brazen altar that was before the Lord was too little to receive
the burnt offerings. 1 Kings viii. 64.
6. To be affected by something; to suffer; to be subjected to; as, to
receive pleasure or pain; to receive a wound or a blow; to receive
damage.
Against his will he can receive no harm. Milton.
7. To take from a thief, as goods known to be stolen.
8. (Lawn Tennis) To bat back (the ball) when served.
Receiving ship, one on board of which newly recruited sailors are
received, and kept till drafted for service. Syn. -- To accept; take;
allow; hold; retain; admit. -- Receive, Accept. To receive describes
simply the act of taking. To accept denotes the taking with approval,
or for the purposes for which a thing is offered. Thus, we receive a
letter when it comes to hand; we receive news when it reaches us; we
accept a present when it is offered; we accept an invitation to dine
with a friend.
Who, if we knew What we receive, would either not accept Life
offered, or soon beg to lay it down. Milton.
Receive
Re*ceive" (?), v. i.
1. To receive visitors; to be at home to receive calls; as, she
receives on Tuesdays.
2. (Lawn Tennis) To return, or bat back, the ball when served; as, it
is your turn to receive.
Receivedness
Re*ceiv"ed*ness, n. The state or quality of being received, accepted,
or current; as, the receivedness of an opinion. Boyle.
Receiver
Re*ceiv"er (?), n. [Cf. F. receveur.]
1. One who takes or receives in any manner.
2. (Law) A person appointed, ordinarily by a court, to receive, and
hold in trust, money or other property which is the subject of
litigation, pending the suit; a person appointed to take charge of the
estate and effects of a corporation, and to do other acts necessary to
winding up its affairs, in certain cases. Bouvier.
3. One who takes or buys stolen goods from a thief, knowing them to be
stolen. Blackstone.
4. (Chem.) (a) A vessel connected with an alembic, a retort, or the
like, for receiving and condensing the product of distillation. (b) A
vessel for receiving and containing gases.
5. (Pneumatics) The glass vessel in which the vacuum is produced, and
the objects of experiment are put, in experiments with an air pump.
Cf. Bell jar, and see Illust. of Air pump.
6. (Steam Engine) (a) A vessel for receiving the exhaust steam from
the high-pressure cylinder before it enters the low-pressure cylinder,
in a compound engine. (b) A capacious vessel for receiving steam from
a distant boiler, and supplying it dry to an engine.
7. That portion of a telephonic apparatus, or similar system, at which
the message is received and made audible; -- opposed to transmitter.
Exhausted receiver (Physics), a receiver, as that used with the air
pump, from which the air has been withdrawn; a vessel the interior of
which is a more or less complete vacuum.
Receivership
Re*ceiv"er*ship, n. The state or office of a receiver.
Recelebrate
Re*cel"e*brate (?), v. t. To celebrate again, or anew. --
Re*cel`e*bra"tion (#), n.
Recency
Re"cen*cy (?), n. [LL. recentia, fr. L. recens. See Recent.] The state
or quality of being recent; newness; new state; late origin; lateness
in time; freshness; as, the recency of a transaction, of a wound, etc.
Recense
Re*cense" (?), v. t. [L. recensere; pref. re- again + censere to
value, estimate: cf. F. recenser.] To review; to revise. [R.] Bentley.
Recension
Re*cen"sion (?), n. [L. recensio: cf. F. recension.]
1. The act of reviewing or revising; review; examination; enumeration.
Barrow.
2. Specifically, the review of a text (as of an ancient author) by an
editor; critical revisal and establishment.
3. The result of such a work; a text established by critical revision;
an edited version.
Recensionist
Re*cen"sion*ist, n. One who makes recensions; specifically, a critical
editor.
Recent
Re"cent (?), a. [L. recens, -entis: cf. F. r\'82cent.]
1. Of late origin, existence, or occurrence; lately come; not of
remote date, antiquated style, or the like; not already known,
familiar, worn out, trite, etc.; fresh; novel; new; modern; as, recent
news.
The ancients were of opinion, that a considerable portion of that
country [Egypt] was recent, and formed out of the mud discharged
into the neighboring sea by the Nile. Woodward.
2. (Geol.) Of or pertaining to the present or existing epoch; as,
recent shells.
Recenter
Re*cen"ter (?), v. t. [Pref. re- + center.] To center again; to
restore to the center. Coleridge.
Recently
Re"cent*ly (?), adv. Newly; lately; freshly; not long since; as,
advices recently received.
Recentness
Re"cent*ness, n. Quality or state of being recent.
Receptacle
Re*cep"ta*cle (?), n. [F. r\'82ceptacle, L. receptaculum, fr.
receptare, v. intens. fr. recipere to receive. See Receive.]
1. That which serves, or is used, fro receiving and containing
something, as a basket, a vase, a bag, a reservoir; a repository.
O sacred receptacle of my joys! Shak.
2. (Bot.) (a) The apex of the flower stalk, from which the organs of
the flower grow, or into which they are inserted. See Illust. of
Flower, and Ovary. (b) The dilated apex of a pedicel which serves as a
common support to a head of flowers. (c) An intercellular cavity
containing oil or resin or other matters. (d) A special branch which
bears the fructification in many cryptogamous plants.
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Receptacular
Rec`ep*tac"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. r\'82ceptaculaire.] (Bot.) Pertaining
to the receptacle, or growing on it; as, the receptacular chaff or
scales in the sunflower.
Receptaculum
Rec`ep*tac"u*lum (?), n.; pl. Receptacula (#). [L.] (Anat.) A
receptacle; as, the receptaculum of the chyle.
Receptary
Rec"ep*ta*ry (?), a. Generally or popularly admitted or received.
[Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Receptary
Rec"ep*ta*ry, n. That which is received. [Obs.] "Receptaries of
philosophy." Sir T. Browne.
Receptibility
Re*cep`ti*bil"i*ty (?), n.
1. The quality or state of being receptible; receivableness.
2. A receptible thing. [R.] Glanvill.
Receptible
Re*cep"ti*ble (?), a. [L. receptibilis.] Such as may be received;
receivable.
Reception
Re*cep"tion (?), n. [F. r\'82ception, L. receptio, fr. recipere,
receptum. See Receive.]
1. The act of receiving; receipt; admission; as, the reception of food
into the stomach; the reception of a letter; the reception of
sensation or ideas; reception of evidence.
2. The state of being received.
3. The act or manner of receiving, esp. of receiving visitors;
entertainment; hence, an occasion or ceremony of receiving guests; as,
a hearty reception; an elaborate reception.
What reception a poem may find. Goldsmith.
4. Acceptance, as of an opinion or doctrine.
Philosophers who have quitted the popular doctrines of their
countries have fallen into as extravagant opinions as even common
reception countenanced. Locke.
5. A retaking; a recovery. [Obs.] Bacon.
Receptive
Re*cep"tive (?), a. [Cf. F. r\'82ceptif. See Receive.] Having the
quality of receiving; able or inclined to take in, absorb, hold, or
contain; receiving or containing; as, a receptive mind.
Imaginary space is receptive of all bodies. Glanvill.
Receptiveness
Re*cep"tive*ness, n. The quality of being receptive.
Receptivity
Rec`ep*tiv"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. r\'82ceptivit\'82.]
1. The state or quality of being receptive.
2. (Kantian Philos.) The power or capacity of receiving impressions,
as those of the external senses.
Receptory
Re*cep"to*ry (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. receptorium a place of shelter.]
Receptacle. [Obs.] Holland.
Recess
Re*cess" (?), n. [L. recessus, fr. recedere, recessum. See Recede.]
1. A withdrawing or retiring; a moving back; retreat; as, the recess
of the tides.
Every degree of ignorance being so far a recess and degradation
from rationality. South.
My recess hath given them confidence that I may be conquered. Eikon
Basilike.
2. The state of being withdrawn; seclusion; privacy.
In the recess of the jury they are to consider the evidence. Sir M.
Hale.
Good verse recess and solitude requires. Dryden.
3. Remission or suspension of business or procedure; intermission, as
of a legislative body, court, or school.
The recess of . . . Parliament lasted six weeks. Macaulay.
4. Part of a room formed by the receding of the wall, as an alcove,
niche, etc.
A bed which stood in a deep recess. W. Irving.
5. A place of retirement, retreat, secrecy, or seclusion.
Departure from his happy place, our sweet Recess, and only
consolation left. Milton.
6. Secret or abstruse part; as, the difficulties and recesses of
science. I. Watts.
7. (Bot. & Zo\'94l.) A sinus.
Recess
Re*cess", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recessed; p. pr. & vb. n. Recessing.] To
make a recess in; as, to recess a wall.
Recess
Re*cess", n. [G.] A decree of the imperial diet of the old German
empire. Brande & C.
Recessed
Re*cessed" (?), a.
1. Having a recess or recesses; as, a recessed arch or wall.
2. Withdrawn; secluded. [R.] "Comfortably recessed from curious
impertinents." Miss Edgeworth.
Recessed arch (Arch.), one of a series of arches constructed one
within another so as to correspond with splayed jambs of a doorway, or
the like.
Recession
Re*ces"sion (?), n. [L. recessio, fr. recedere, recessum. See Recede.]
The act of receding or withdrawing, as from a place, a claim, or a
demand. South.
Mercy may rejoice upon the recessions of justice. Jer. Taylor.
Recession
Re*ces"sion, n. [Pref. re- + cession.] The act of ceding back;
restoration; repeated cession; as, the recession of conquered
territory to its former sovereign.
Recessional
Re*ces"sion*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to recession or withdrawal.
Recessional hymn, a hymn sung in a procession returning from the choir
to the robing room.
Recessive
Re*ces"sive (?), a. Going back; receding.
Rechabite
Re"chab*ite (?), n. (Jewish Hist.) One of the descendants of Jonadab,
the son of Rechab, all of whom by his injunction abstained from the
use of intoxicating drinks and even from planting the vine. Jer. xxxv.
2-19. Also, in modern times, a member of a certain society of
abstainers from alcoholic liquors.
Rechange
Re*change" (?), v. t. & i. To change again, or change back.
Recharge
Re*charge" (?), v. t. & i. [Pref. re- + charge: cf. F. recharger.]
1. To charge or accuse in return.
2. To attack again; to attack anew. Dryden.
Recharter
Re*char"ter (?), n. A second charter; a renewal of a charter. D.
Webster.
Recharter
Re*char"ter, v. t. To charter again or anew; to grant a second or
another charter to.
Rechase
Re*chase" (?), v. t. [Pref. re- + chase: cf. F. rechasser.] To chase
again; to chase or drive back.
Recheat
Re*cheat" (?), n. [F. requ\'88t\'82, fr. requ\'88ter to hunt anew. See
Request.] (Sporting) A strain given on the horn to call back the
hounds when they have lost track of the game.
Recheat
Re*cheat", v. i. To blow the recheat. Drayton.
Recherch\'82
Re*cher`ch\'82" (?), a. [F.] Sought out with care; choice. Hence: of
rare quality, elegance, or attractiveness; peculiar and refined in
kind.
Rechless
Rech"less (?), a. Reckless. [Obs.] P. Plowman.
Rechoose
Re*choose" (?), v. t. To choose again.
Recidivate
Re*cid"i*vate (?), v. i. [LL. recidivare. See Recidivous.] To
baskslide; to fall again. [Obs.]
Recidivation
Re*cid`i*va"tion (?), n. [LL. recidivatio.] A falling back; a
backsliding. Hammond.
Recidivous
Re*cid"i*vous (?), a. [L. r, fr. recidere to fall back.] Tending or
liable to backslide or r
Recipe
Rec"i*pe (?), n.; pl. Recipes (#). [L., imperative of recipere to take
back, take in, receive. See Receive.] A formulary or prescription for
making some combination, mixture, or preparation of materials; a
receipt; especially, a prescription for medicine. <-- now esp. a
prescription (set of directions) for preparing food -->
Recipiangle
Re*cip"i*an`gle (?), n. [L. recipere to take + angulus angle.] An
instrument with two arms that are pivoted together at one end, and a
graduated arc, -- used by military engineers for measuring and laying
off angles of fortifications.
Recipience, Recipiency
Re*cip"i*ence (?), Re*cip"i*en*cy (?), n. The quality or state of
being recipient; a receiving; reception; receptiveness.
Recipient
Re*cip"i*ent (?), n. [L. recipiens, -entis, receiving, p. pr. of
recipere to receive: cf. F. r\'82cipient. See Receive.] A receiver;
the person or thing that receives; one to whom, or that to which,
anything is given or communicated; specifically, the receiver of a
still.
Recipient
Re*cip"i*ent, a. Receiving; receptive.
Reciprocal
Re*cip"ro*cal (?), a. [L. reciprocus; of unknown origin.]
1. Recurring in vicissitude; alternate.
2. Done by each to the other; interchanging or interchanged; given and
received; due from each to each; mutual; as, reciprocal love;
reciprocal duties.
Let our reciprocal vows be remembered. Shak.
3. Mutually interchangeable.
These two rules will render a definition reciprocal with the thing
defined. I. Watts.
4. (Gram.) Reflexive; -- applied to pronouns and verbs, but sometimes
limited to such pronouns as express mutual action.
5. (Math.) Used to denote different kinds of mutual relation; often
with reference to the substitution of reciprocals for given
quantities. See the Phrases below.
Reciprocal equation (Math.), one which remains unchanged in form when
the reciprocal of the unknown quantity is substituted for that
quantity. -- Reciprocal figures (Geom.), two figures of the same kind
(as triangles, parallelograms, prisms, etc.), so related that two
sides of the one form the extremes of a proportion of which the means
are the two corresponding sides of the other; in general, two figures
so related that the first corresponds in some special way to the
second, and the second corresponds in the same way to the first. --
Reciprocal proportion (Math.), a proportion such that, of four terms
taken in order, the first has to the second the same ratio which the
fourth has to the third, or the first has to the second the same ratio
which the reciprocal of the third has to the reciprocal of the fourth.
Thus, 2:5: :20:8 form a reciprocal proportion, because 2:5: :1/20:1/8.
-- Reciprocal quantities (Math.), any two quantities which produce
unity when multiplied together. -- Reciprocal ratio (Math.), the ratio
between the reciprocals of two quantities; as, the reciprocal ratio of
4 to 9 is that of \'ac to 1/9. -- Reciprocal terms (Logic), those
terms which have the same signification, and, consequently, are
convertible, and may be used for each other. Syn. -- Mutual;
alternate. -- Reciprocal, Mutual. The distinctive idea of mutual is,
that the parties unite by interchange in the same act; as, a mutual
covenant; mutual affection, etc. The distinctive idea of reciprocal
is, that one party acts by way of return or response to something
previously done by the other party; as, a reciprocal kindness;
reciprocal reproaches, etc. Love is reciprocal when the previous
affection of one party has drawn forth the attachment of the other. To
make it mutual in the strictest sense, the two parties should have
fallen in love at the same time; but as the result is the same, the
two words are here used interchangeably. The ebbing and flowing of the
tide is a case where the action is reciprocal, but not mutual.
Reciprocal
Re*cip"ro*cal, n.
1. That which is reciprocal to another thing.
Corruption is a reciprocal to generation. Bacon.
2. (Arith. & Alg.) The quotient arising from dividing unity by any
quantity; thus \'ac is the reciprocal of 4; 1/(a + b) is the
reciprocal of a + b. The reciprocal of a fraction is the fraction
inverted, or the denominator divided by the numerator.
Reciprocality
Re*cip`ro*cal"i*ty (?), n. The quality or condition of being
reciprocal; reciprocalness. [R.]
Reciprocally
Re*cip"ro*cal*ly (?), adv.
1. In a reciprocal manner; so that each affects the other, and is
equally affected by it; interchangeably; mutually.
These two particles to reciprocally affect each other with the same
force. Bentley.
2. (Math.) In the manner of reciprocals.
Reciprocally proportional (Arith. & Alg.), proportional, as two
variable quantities, so that the one shall have a constant ratio to
the reciprocal of the other.
Reciprocalness
Re*cip"ro*cal*ness (?), n. The quality or condition of being
reciprocal; mutual return; alternateness.
Reciprocate
Re*cip"ro*cate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Reciprocated (?); p. pr. & vb.
n. Reciprocating.] [L. reciprocatus, p. p. of reciprocare. See
Reciprocal.] To move forward and backward alternately; to recur in
vicissitude; to act interchangeably; to alternate.
One brawny smith the puffing bellows plies, And draws and blows
reciprocating air. Dryden.
Reciprocating engine, a steam, air, or gas engine, etc., in which the
piston moves back and forth; -- in distinction from a rotary engine,
in which the piston travels continuously in one direction in a
circular path. -- Reciprocating motion (Mech.), motion alternately
backward and forward, or up and down, as of a piston rod.
Reciprocate
Re*cip"ro*cate, v. t. To give and return mutually; to make return for;
to give in return; to unterchange; to alternate; as, to reciprocate
favors. Cowper.
Reciprocation
Re*cip`ro*ca"tion (?), n. [L. reciprocatio: cf. F. reciprocation.]
1. The act of reciprocating; interchange of acts; a mutual giving and
returning; as, the reciprocation of kindness.
2. Alternate recurrence or action; as, the reciprocation of the sea in
the flow and ebb of tides. Sir T. Browne.
Reciprocity
Rec`i*proc"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. r\'82ciprocit\'82. See Reciprocal.]
1. Mutual action and reaction.
2. Reciprocal advantages, obligations, or rights; reciprocation.
Reciprocity treaty, OR Treaty of reciprocity, a treaty concluded
between two countries, conferring equal privileges as regards customs
or charges on imports, or in other respects. Syn. -- Reciprocation;
interchange; mutuality.
Reciprocornous
Re*cip`ro*cor"nous (?), a. [L. reciprocus returning, reciprocal +
cornu horn.] (Zo\'94l.) Having horns turning backward and then
forward, like those of a ram. [R.] Ash.
Reciprocous
Re*cip"ro*cous (?), a. Reciprocal. [Obs.]
Reciprok
Rec"i*prok (?), a. [F. r\'82ciproque, L. reciprocus.] Reciprocal.
[Obs.] B. Jonson.
Reciproque
Rec"i*proque (?), a. & n. [F. r\'82ciproque.] Reciprocal. Bacon.
Recision
Re*ci"sion (?), n. [L. recisio, fr. recidere, recisum, to cut off;
pref. re- re- + caedere to cut.] The act of cutting off. Sherwood.
Recital
Re*cit"al (?), n. [From Recite.]
1. The act of reciting; the repetition of the words of another, or of
a document; rehearsal; as, the recital of testimony.
2. A telling in detail and due order of the particulars of anything,
as of a law, an adventure, or a series of events; narration. Addison.
3. That which is recited; a story; a narration.
4. (Mus.) A vocal or instrumental performance by one person; --
distinguished from concert; as, a song recital; an organ, piano, or
violin recital.
5. (Law) The formal statement, or setting forth, of some matter of
fact in any deed or writing in order to explain the reasons on which
the transaction is founded; the statement of matter in pleading
introductory to some positive allegation. Burn. Syn. -- Account;
rehearsal; recitation; narration; description; explanation;
enumeration; detail; narrative. See Account.
Recitation
Rec`i*ta"tion (?), n. [L. recitatio: cf. F. r\'82citation. See
Recite.]
1. The act of reciting; rehearsal; repetition of words or sentences.
Hammond.
2. The delivery before an audience of something committed to memory,
especially as an elocutionary exhibition; also, that which is so
delivered.
3. (Colleges and Schools) The rehearsal of a lesson by pupils before
their instructor.
Recitative
Rec`i*ta*tive" (?), n. [It. recitativo, or F. r\'82citatif. See
Recite.] (Mus.) A species of musical recitation in which the words are
delivered in manner resembling that of ordinary declamation; also, a
piece of music intended for such recitation; -- opposed to melisma.
Recitative
Rec`i*ta*tive", a. Of or pertaining to recitation; intended for
musical recitation or declamation; in the style or manner of
recitative. -- Rec`i*ta*tive"ly, adv.
Recitativo
Rec`i*ta*ti"vo (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) Recitative.
Recite
Re*cite" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recited; p. pr. & vb. n. Reciting.]
[F. r\'82citer, fr. L. recitare, recitatum; pref. re- re- + citare to
call or name, to cite. See Cite.]
1. To repeat, as something already prepared, written down, committed
to memory, or the like; to deliver from a written or printed document,
or from recollection; to rehearse; as, to recite the words of an
author, or of a deed or covenant.
2. To tell over; to go over in particulars; to relate; to narrate; as,
to recite past events; to recite the particulars of a voyage.
3. To rehearse, as a lesson to an instructor.
4. (Law) To state in or as a recital. See Recital, 5. Syn. -- To
rehearse; narrate; relate; recount; describe; recapitulate; detail;
number; count.
Recite
Re*cite", v. i. To repeat, pronounce, or rehearse, as before an
audience, something prepared or committed to memory; to rehearse a
lesson learned.
Recite
Re*cite", n. A recital. [Obs.] Sir W. Temple.
Reciter
Re*cit"er (?), n. One who recites; also, a book of extracts for
recitation.
Reck
Reck (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recked (?) (obs. imp. Roughte); p. pr. &
vb. n. Recking.] [AS. reccan, r&emc;can, to care for; akin to OS.
r&omac;kian, OHG. ruochan, G. geruhen, Icel. r\'91kja, also to E.
reckon, rake an implement. See Rake, and cf. Reckon.]
1. To make account of; to care for; to heed; to regard. [Archaic]
This son of mine not recking danger. Sir P. Sidney.
And may you better reck the rede Than ever did the adviser. Burns.
2. To concern; -- used impersonally. [Poetic]
What recks it them? Milton.
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Reck
Reck (?), v. i. To make account; to take heed; to care; to mind; --
often followed by of. [Archaic]
Then reck I not, when I have lost my life. Chaucer.
I reck not though I end my life to-day. Shak.
Of me she recks not, nor my vain desire. M. Arnold.
Reckless
Reck"less, a. [AS. reccele\'a0s, r&emac;cele\'a0s.]
1. Inattentive to duty; careless; neglectful; indifferent. Chaucer.
2. Rashly negligent; utterly careless or heedless.
It made the king as reckless as them diligent. Sir P. Sidney.
Syn. -- Heedless; careless; mindless; thoughtless; negligent;
indifferent; regardless; unconcerned; inattentive; remiss; rash. --
Reck"less*ly, adv. -- Reck"less*ness, n.
Reckling
Reck"ling (?), a. Needing care; weak; feeble; as, a reckling child. H.
Taylor. -- n. A weak child or animal. Tennyson.
Reckon
Reck"on (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reckoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reckoning.] [OE. rekenen, AS. gerecenian to explain; akin to D.
rekenen to reckon, G. rechnen, OHG. rahnjan), and to E. reck, rake an
implement; the original sense probably being, to bring together, count
together. See Reck, v. t.]
1. To count; to enumerate; to number; also, to compute; to calculate.
The priest shall reckon to him the money according to the years
that remain. Lev. xxvii. 18.
I reckoned above two hundred and fifty on the outside of the
church. Addison.
2. To count as in a number, rank, or series; to estimate by rank or
quality; to place by estimation; to account; to esteem; to repute.
He was reckoned among the transgressors. Luke xxii. 37.
For him I reckon not in high estate. Milton.
3. To charge, attribute, or adjudge to one, as having a certain
quality or value.
Faith was reckoned to Abraham for righteousness. Rom. iv. 9.
Without her eccentricities being reckoned to her for a crime.
Hawthorne.
4. To conclude, as by an enumeration and balancing of chances; hence,
to think; to suppose; -- followed by an objective clause; as, I reckon
he won't try that again. [Prov. Eng. & Colloq. U. S.] Syn. -- To
number; enumerate; compute; calculate; estimate; value; esteem;
account; repute. See Calculate, Guess.
Reckon
Reck"on, v. i.
1. To make an enumeration or computation; to engage in numbering or
computing. Shak.
2. To come to an accounting; to make up accounts; to settle; to
examine and strike the balance of debt and credit; to adjust relations
of desert or penalty.
"Parfay," sayst thou, "sometime he reckon shall." Chaucer.
To reckon for, to answer for; to pay the account for. "If they fail in
their bounden duty, they shall reckon for it one day." Bp. Sanderson.
-- To reckon on OR upon, to count or depend on. -- To reckon with, to
settle accounts or claims with; -- used literally or figuratively.
After a long time the lord of those servants cometh, and reckoneth
with them. Matt. xxv. 19.
-- To reckon without one's host, to ignore in a calculation or
arrangement the person whose assent is essential; hence, to reckon
erroneously.
Reckoner
Reck"on*er (?), n. One who reckons or computes; also, a book of
calculation, tables, etc., to assist in reckoning.
Reckoners without their host must reckon twice. Camden.
Reckoning
Reck"on*ing, n.
1. The act of one who reckons, counts, or computes; the result of
reckoning or counting; calculation. Specifically: (a) An account of
time. Sandys. (b) Adjustment of claims and accounts; settlement of
obligations, liabilities, etc.
Even reckoning makes lasting friends, and the way to make
reckonings even is to make them often. South.
He quitted London, never to return till the day of a terrible and
memorable reckoning had arrived. Macaulay.
2. The charge or account made by a host at an inn.
A coin would have a nobler use than to pay a reckoning. Addison.
3. Esteem; account; estimation.
You make no further reckoning of it [beauty] than of an outward
fading benefit nature bestowed. Sir P. Sidney.
4. (Navigation) (a) The calculation of a ship's position, either from
astronomical observations, or from the record of the courses steered
and distances sailed as shown by compass and log, -- in the latter
case called dead reckoning (see under Dead); -- also used fro dead
reckoning in contradistinction to observation. (b) The position of a
ship as determined by calculation.
To be out of her reckoning, to be at a distance from the place
indicated by the reckoning; -- said of a ship.
Reclaim
Re*claim" (?), v. t. To claim back; to demand the return of as a
right; to attempt to recover possession of.
A tract of land [Holland] snatched from an element perpetually
reclaiming its prior occupancy. W. Coxe.
Reclaim
Re*claim" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reclaimed (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reclaiming.] [F. r\'82clamer, L. reclamare, reclamatum, to cry out
against; pref. re- re- + clamare to call or cry aloud. See Claim.]
1. To call back, as a hawk to the wrist in falconry, by a certain
customary call. Chaucer.
2. To call back from flight or disorderly action; to call to, for the
purpose of subduing or quieting.
The headstrong horses hurried Octavius . . . along, and were deaf
to his reclaiming them. Dryden.
3. To reduce from a wild to a tamed state; to bring under discipline;
-- said especially of birds trained for the chase, but also of other
animals. "An eagle well reclaimed." Dryden.
4. Hence: To reduce to a desired state by discipline, labor,
cultivation, or the like; to rescue from being wild, desert, waste,
submerged, or the like; as, to reclaim wild land, overflowed land,
etc.
5. To call back to rectitude from moral wandering or transgression; to
draw back to correct deportment or course of life; to reform.
It is the intention of Providence, in all the various expressions
of his goodness, to reclaim mankind. Rogers.
6. To correct; to reform; -- said of things. [Obs.]
Your error, in time reclaimed, will be venial. Sir E. Hoby.
7. To exclaim against; to gainsay. [Obs.] Fuller. Syn. -- To reform;
recover; restore; amend; correct.
Reclaim
Re*claim" (?), v. i.
1. To cry out in opposition or contradiction; to exclaim against
anything; to contradict; to take exceptions.
Scripture reclaims, and the whole Catholic church reclaims, and
Christian ears would not hear it. Waterland.
At a later period Grote reclaimed strongly against Mill's setting
Whately above Hamilton. Bain.
2. To bring anyone back from evil courses; to reform.
They, hardened more by what might most reclaim, Grieving to see his
glory . . . took envy. Milton.
3. To draw back; to give way. [R. & Obs.] Spenser.
Reclaim
Re*claim", n. The act of reclaiming, or the state of being reclaimed;
reclamation; recovery. [Obs.]
Reclaimable
Re*claim"a*ble (?), a. That may be reclaimed.
Reclaimant
Re*claim"ant (?), n. [Cf. F. r\'82clamant, p. pr.] One who reclaims;
one who cries out against or contradicts.
Reclaimer
Re*claim"er (?), n. One who reclaims.
Reclaimless
Re*claim"less, a. That can not be reclaimed.
Reclamation
Rec`la*ma"tion (?), n. [F. r\'82clamation, L. reclamatio. See
Reclaim.]
1. The act or process of reclaiming.
2. Representation made in opposition; remonstrance.
I would now, on the reclamation both of generosity and of justice,
try clemency. Landor.
Reclasp
Re*clasp" (?), v. i. To clasp or unite again.
Reclinant
Re*clin"ant (?), a. [L. reclinans, p. pr. See Recline.] Bending or
leaning backward.
Reclinate
Rec"li*nate (?), a. [L. reclinatus, p. p.] (Bot.) Reclined, as a leaf;
bent downward, so that the point, as of a stem or leaf, is lower than
the base.
Reclination
Rec`li*na"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. r\'82clinaison.]
1. The act of leaning or reclining, or the state of being reclined.
2. (Dialing) The angle which the plane of the dial makes with a
vertical plane which it intersects in a horizontal line. Brande & C.
3. (Surg.) The act or process of removing a cataract, by applying the
needle to its anterior surface, and depressing it into the vitreous
humor in such a way that front surface of the cataract becomes the
upper one and its back surface the lower one. Dunglison.
Recline
Re*cline" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reclined (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Reclining.] [L. reclinare; pref. re- re- + clinare to lean, incline.
See Incline, Lean to incline.] To cause or permit to lean, incline,
rest, etc., to place in a recumbent position; as, to recline the head
on the hand.
The mother Reclined her dying head upon his breast. Dryden.
Recline
Re*cline", v. i.
1. To lean or incline; as, to recline against a wall.
2. To assume, or to be in, a recumbent position; as, to recline on a
couch.
Recline
Re*cline", a. [L. reclinis. See Recline, v. t.] Having a reclining
posture; leaning; reclining. [R.]
They sat, recline On the soft downy bank, damasked with flowers.
Milton.
Reclined
Re*clined" (?), a. (Bot.) Falling or turned downward; reclinate.
Recliner
Re*clin"er (?), n. One who, or that which, reclines.
Reclining
Re*clin"ing, a. (Bot.) (a) Bending or curving gradually back from the
perpendicular. (b) Recumbent. Reclining dial, a dial whose plane is
inclined to the vertical line through its center. Davies & Peck (Math.
Dict.).
Reclose
Re*close" (?), v. t. To close again. Pope.
Reclothe
Re*clothe" (?), v. t. To clothe again.
Reclude
Re*clude" (?), v. t. [L. recludere to unclose, open; pref. re- again,
back, un- + claudere to shut.] To open; to unclose. [R.] Harvey.
Recluse
Re*cluse" (?), a. [L. reclus, L. reclusus, from recludere, reclusum,
to unclose, open, in LL., to shut up. See Close.] Shut up,
sequestered; retired from the world or from public notice; solitary;
living apart; as, a recluse monk or hermit; a recluse life
In meditation deep, recluse From human converse. J. Philips.
Recluse
Re*cluse", n. [F. reclus, LL. reclusus. See Recluse, a.]
1. A person who lives in seclusion from intercourse with the world, as
a hermit or monk; specifically, one of a class of secluded devotees
who live in single cells; usually attached to monasteries.
2. The place where a recluse dwells. [Obs.] Foxe.
Recluse
Re*cluse", v. t. To shut; to seclude. [Obs.]
Reclusely
Re*cluse"ly, adv. In a recluse or solitary manner.
Recluseness
Re*cluse"ness, n. Quality or state of being recluse.
Reclusion
Re*clu"sion (?), n. [LL. reclusio: cf. F. reclusion.] A state of
retirement from the world; seclusion.
Reclusive
Re*clu"sive (?), a. Affording retirement from society. "Some reclusive
and religious life." Shak.
Reclusory
Re*clu"so*ry (?), n. [LL. reclosorium.] The habitation of a recluse; a
hermitage.
Recoct
Re*coct" (?), v. t. [L. recoctus, p. p. of recoquere to cook or boil
over again. See Re-, and 4th Cook.] To boil or cook again; hence, to
make over; to vamp up; to reconstruct. [Obs.] Jer. Taylor.
Recoction
Re*coc"tion (?), n. A second coction or preparation; a vamping up.
Recognition
Rec`og*ni"tion (?), n. [L. recognitio: cf. F. recognition. See
Recognizance.] The act of recognizing, or the state of being
recognized; acknowledgment; formal avowal; knowledge confessed or
avowed; notice.
The lives of such saints had, at the time of their yearly
memorials, solemn recognition in the church of God. Hooker.
Recognitor
Re*cog"ni*tor (?), n. [LL.] (Law) One of a jury impaneled on an
assize. Blackstone.
Recognitory
Re*cog"ni*to*ry (?), a. Pertaining to, or connected with, recognition.
Recognizability
Rec`og*ni`za*bil"i*ty (?), n. The quality or condition of being
recognizable.
Recognizable
Rec"og*ni`za*ble (?; 277), a. Capable of being recognized. [Written
also recognisable.] -- Rec"og*ni`za*bly, adv.
Recognizance
Re*cog"ni*zance (?), n. [F. reconnaissance, OF. recognoissance, fr.
recognoissant, p. pr. of recognoistre to recognize, F. reconna\'8ctre,
fr. L. recognoscere; pref. re- re- + cognoscere to know. See
Cognizance, Know, and cf. Recognize, Reconnoissance.] >[Written also
recognisance.]
1. (Law) (a) An obligation of record entered into before some court of
record or magistrate duly authorized, with condition to do some
particular act, as to appear at the same or some other court, to keep
the peace, or pay a debt. A recognizance differs from a bond, being
witnessed by the record only, and not by the party's seal. (b) The
verdict of a jury impaneled upon assize. Cowell.
NOTE: &hand; Am ong la wyers th e g in this and the related words
(except recognize) is usually silent.
2. A token; a symbol; a pledge; a badge.
That recognizance and pledge of love Which I first gave her. Shak.
3. Acknowledgment of a person or thing; avowal; profession;
recognition.
Recognization
Re*cog`ni*za"tion (?), n. Recognition. [R.]
Recognize
Rec"og*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recognized (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Recognizing (?).] [From Recognizance; see Cognition, and cf.
Reconnoiter.] [Written also recognise.]
1. To know again; to perceive the identity of, with a person or thing
previously known; to recover or recall knowledge of.
Speak, vassal; recognize thy sovereign queen. Harte.
2. To avow knowledge of; to allow that one knows; to consent to admit,
hold, or the like; to admit with a formal acknowledgment; as, to
recognize an obligation; to recognize a consul.
3. To acknowledge acquaintance with, as by salutation, bowing, or the
like.
4. To show appreciation of; as, to recognize services by a
testimonial.
5. To review; to re\'89xamine. [Obs.] South.
6. To reconnoiter. [Obs.] R. Monro. Syn. -- To acknowledge; avow;
confess; own; allow; concede. See Acknowledge.
Recognize
Rec"og*nize, v. i. (Law) To enter an obligation of record before a
proper tribunal; as, A, B recognized in the sum of twenty dollars.
[Written also recognise.]
NOTE: &hand; In le gal us age in th e Un ited St ates th e second
syllable is often accented.
Recognizee
Re*cog`ni*zee" (?), n. (Law) The person in whose favor a recognizance
is made. [Written also recognisee.] Blackstone.
Reconizer
Rec"o*ni`zer (?), n. One who recognizes; a recognizor. [Written also
recogniser.]
Recognizor
Re*cog`ni*zor" (?), n. (Law) One who enters into a recognizance.
[Written also recognisor.] Blackstone.
Recognosce
Rec"og*nosce (?), v. t. [L. recognoscere. See Recognizance.] To
recognize. [R. & Obs.] Boyle.
Recoil
Re*coil" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Recoiled (?); p. pr. & vb. n.
Recoiling.] [OE. recoilen, F. reculer, fr. L. pref. re- re- + culus
the fundament. The English word was perhaps influenced in form by
accoil.]
1. To start, roll, bound, spring, or fall back; to take a reverse
motion; to be driven or forced backward; to return.
Evil on itself shall back recoil. Milton.
The solemnity of her demeanor made it impossible . . . that we
should recoil into our ordinary spirits. De Quincey.
2. To draw back, as from anything repugnant, distressing, alarming, or
the like; to shrink. Shak.
3. To turn or go back; to withdraw one's self; to retire. [Obs.] "To
your bowers recoil." Spenser.
Recoil
Re*coil", v. t. To draw or go back. [Obs.] Spenser.
Recoil
Re*coil", n.
1. A starting or falling back; a rebound; a shrinking; as, the recoil
of nature, or of the blood.
2. The state or condition of having recoiled.
The recoil from formalism is skepticism. F. W. Robertson.
3. Specifically, the reaction or rebounding of a firearm when
discharged.
Recoil dynamometer (Gunnery), an instrument for measuring the force of
the recoil of a firearm. -- Recoil escapement See the Note under
Escapement.
Recoiler
Re*coil"er (?), n. One who, or that which, recoils.
Recoilingly
Re*coil"ing*ly, adv. In the manner of a recoil.
Recoilment
Re*coil"ment, n. [Cf. F. reculement.] Recoil. [R.]
Recoin
Re*coin" (?), v. t. To coin anew or again.
Recoinage
Re*coin"age (?), n.
1. The act of coining anew.
2. That which is coined anew.
Re-collect
Re`-col*lect" (?), v. t. [Pref. re- + collect.] To collect again; to
gather what has been scattered; as, to re-collect routed troops.
God will one day raise the dead, re-collecting our scattered dust.
Barrow.
Recollect
Rec`ol*lect" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recollected; imp. & p. p.
Recollecting.] [Pref. re- + collect: cf. L. recolligere, recollectum,
to collect. Cf. Recollet.]
1. To recover or recall the knowledge of; to bring back to the mind or
memory; to remember.
2. Reflexively, to compose one's self; to recover self-command; as, to
recollect one's self after a burst of anger; -- sometimes, formerly,
in the perfect participle.
The Tyrian queen . . . Admired his fortunes, more admired the man;
Then recollected stood. Dryden.
Recollect
Rec"ol*lect, n. [See Recollet.] (Eccl.) A friar of the Strict
Observance, -- an order of Franciscans. [Written also Recollet.] Addis
& Arnold.
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Recollection
Rec`ol*lec"tion (r?k`?l*l?k"sh?n), n. [Cf. F. r\'82collection.]
1. The act of recollecting, or recalling to the memory; the operation
by which objects are recalled to the memory, or ideas revived in the
mind; reminiscence; remembrance.
2. The power of recalling ideas to the mind, or the period within
which things can be recollected; remembrance; memory; as, an event
within my recollection.
3. That which is recollected; something called to mind; reminiscence.
"One of his earliest recollections." Macaulay.
4. The act or practice of collecting or concentrating the mind;
concentration; self-control. [Archaic]
From such an education Charles contracted habits of gravity and
recollection. Robertson.
Syn. -- Reminiscence; remembrance. See Memory.
Recollective
Rec`ol*lect"ive (-l?k"t?v), a. Having the power of recollecting. J.
Foster.
Recollet
Rec"ol*let (r?k"?l*l?t; F. r?`k?`l?"), n. [F. r\'82collet, fr. L.
recollectus, p.p. of recolligere to gather again, to gather up; NL.,
to collect one's self, esp. for religious contemplation.] (Eccl.) Same
as Recollect, n.
Recolonization
Re*col`o*ni*za"tion (r?*k?l`?*n?*z?"sh?n), n. A second or renewed
colonization.
Recolonize
Re*col"o*nize (r?*k?l"?*n?z), v. t. To colonize again.
Recombination
Re*com`bi*na"tion (r?*k?m`b?*n?"sh?n), n. Combination a second or
additional time.
Recombine
Re`com*bine" (r?`k?m*b?n"), v. t. To combine again.
Recomfort
Re*com"fort (r?*k?m"f?rt), v. t. [Pref. re- + comfort: cf. F.
r\'82conforter.] To comfort again; to console anew; to give new
strength to. Bacon.
Gan her recomfort from so sad affright. Spenser.
Recomfortless
Re*com"fort*less, a. Without comfort. [Obs.]
Recomforture
Re*com"for*ture (-f?r*t?r;135), n. The act of recomforting;
restoration of comfort. [Obs.] Shak.
Recommence
Re`com*mence" (r?`k?m*m?ns"), v. i.
1. To commence or begin again. Howell.
2. To begin anew to be; to act again as. [Archaic.]
He seems desirous enough of recommencing courtier. Johnson.
Recommence
Re`com*mence", v. t. [Pref. re- + commence: cf. F. recommencer.] To
commence again or anew.
Recommencement
Re`com*mence"ment (-m?nt), n. A commencement made anew.
Recommend
Rec`om*mend" (r?k`?m*m?nd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recommended; p. pr. &
vb. n. Recommending.] [Pref. re- + commend: cf. F. recommander.]
1. To commend to the favorable notice of another; to commit to
another's care, confidence, or acceptance, with favoring
representations; to put in a favorable light before any one; to bestow
commendation on; as, he recommended resting the mind and exercising
the body.
M\'91cenas recommended Virgil and Horace to Augustus, whose praises
. . . have made him precious to posterity. Dryden.
2. To make acceptable; to attract favor to.
A decent boldness ever meets with friends, Succeeds, and e'en a
stranger recommends. Pope.
3. To commit; to give in charge; to commend.
Paul chose Silas and departed, being recommended by the brethren
unto the grace of God. Acts xv. 40
.
Recommendable
Rec`om*mend"a*ble (-?*b'l), a. [Cf. F. recommandable.] Suitable to be
recommended; worthy of praise; commendable. Glanvill. --
Rec`om*mend"a*ble*ness, n. -- Rec`om*mend"a*bly, adv.
Recommendation
Rec`om*men*da"tion (r?k`?m*m?n*d?"sh?n), n. [Cf. F. recommandation.]
1. The act of recommending.
2. That which recommends, or commends to favor; anything procuring, or
tending to procure, a favorable reception, or to secure acceptance and
adoption; as, he brought excellent recommendations.
3. The state of being recommended; esteem. [R.]
The burying of the dead . . . hath always been had in an
extraordinary recommendation amongst the ancient. Sir T. North.
Recommendative
Rec`om*mend"a*tive (-m?nd"?*t?v), n. That which recommends; a
recommendation. [Obs.]
Recommendatory
Rec`om*mend"a*to*ry (-?*t?*r?), a. Serving to recommend; recommending;
commendatory. Swift.
Recommender
Rec`om*mend"er (-?r), n. One who recommends.
Recommission
Re`com*mis"sion (r?`k?m*m?sh?n), v. t. To commission again; to give a
new commission to.
Officers whose time of service had expired were to be
recommissioned. Marshall.
Recommit
Re`com*mit" (-m?t"), v. t. To commit again; to give back into keeping;
specifically, to refer again to a committee; as, to recommit a bill to
the same committee.
Recommitment -mnt, Recommittal
Re`com*mit"ment (-m?nt), Re`com*mit"tal (-?l), n. A second or renewed
commitment; a renewed reference to a committee.
Recompact
Re`com*pact" (-p?kt"), v. t. To compact or join anew. "Recompact my
scattered body." Donne.
Recompensation
Re*com`pen*sa"tion (r?*k?m`p?n*s?"sh?n), n. [Cf. LL. recompensatio.]
1. Recompense. [Obs.]
2. (Scots Law) Used to denote a case where a set-off pleaded by the
defendant is met by a set-off pleaded by the plaintiff.
Recompense
Rec"om*pense (r\'cbk"\'cem*p\'cbns), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recompensed
(-p?nst); p. pr. & vb. n. Recompensing (-p?n`s?ng).] [F.
r\'82compenser, LL. recompensare, fr.L. pref. re- re- + compensare to
compensate. See Compensate.]
1. To render an equivalent to, for service, loss, etc.; to requite; to
remunerate; to compensate.
He can not recompense me better. Shak.
2. To return an equivalent for; to give compensation for; to atone
for; to pay for.
God recompenseth the gift. Robynson (More's Utopia).
To recompense My rash, but more unfortunate, misdeed. Milton.
3. To give in return; to pay back; to pay, as something earned or
deserved. [R.]
Recompense to no man evil for evil. Rom. xii. 17.
Syn. -- To repay; requite; compensate; reward; remunerate.
Recompense
Rec"om*pense (r?k"?m*p?ns), v. i. To give recompense; to make amends
or requital. [Obs.]
Recompense
Rec"om*pense, n. [Cf. F. r\'82compense.] An equivalent returned for
anything done, suffered, or given; compensation; requital; suitable
return.
To me belongeth vengeance, and recompense. Deut. xxii. 35.
And every transgression and disobedience received a just recompense
of reward. Heb. ii. 2.
Syn. -- Repayment; compensation; remuneration; amends; satisfaction;
reward; requital.
Recompensement
Rec"om*pense`ment (-p?ns`m?nt), n. Recompense; requital. [Obs.]
Fabyan.
Recompenser
Rec"om*pen`ser (-p?n`s?r), n. One who recompenses.
A thankful recompenser of the benefits received. Foxe.
Recompensive
Rec"om*pen`sive (-s?v), a. Of the nature of recompense; serving to
recompense. Sir T. Browne.
Recompilation
Re*com`pi*la"tion (r?*k?m`p?*l?"tion), n. A new compilation.
Recompile
Re`com*pile" (r\'c7`k\'cem*p\'c6l"), v. t. To compile anew.
Recompilement
Re`com*pile"ment (-ment), n. The act of recompiling; new compilation
or digest; as, a recompilement of the laws. Bacon.
Recompose
Re`com*pose" (-p?z"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recomposed (-p?zd"); p. pr.
& vb. n. Recomposing.] [Pref. re- + compose: cf. F. recomposer.]
1. To compose again; to form anew; to put together again or
repeatedly.
The far greater number of the objects presented to our observation
can only be decomposed, but not actually recomposed. Sir W.
Hamilton.
2. To restore to composure; to quiet anew; to tranquilize; as, to
recompose the mind. Jer. Taylor.
Recomposer
Re`com*pos"er (-p?z"?r), n. One who recomposes.
Recomposition
Re*com`po*si"tion (r?*k?m`p?z?sh?n), n. [Cf. F. recomposition.] The
act of recomposing.
Reconcilable
Rec"on*ci`la*ble (r?k"?n*s?`l?*b'l), a. [Cf. F. r\'82conciliable.]
Capable of being reconciled; as, reconcilable adversaries; an act
reconciable with previous acts.
The different accounts of the numbers of ships are reconcilable.
Arbuthnot.
-- Rec"on*ci`la*ble*ness, n. -- Rec"on*ci`la*bly, adv.
Reconcile
Rec"on*cile` (-s?l`), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Reconciled (-s?ld`); p. pr.
& vb. n. Reconciling.] [F. r\'82concilier, L. reconciliare; pref. re-
re- + conciliare to bring together, to unite. See Conciliate.]
1. To cause to be friendly again; to conciliate anew; to restore to
friendship; to bring back to harmony; to cause to be no longer at
variance; as, to reconcile persons who have quarreled.
Propitious now and reconciled by prayer. Dryden.
The church [if defiled] is interdicted till it be reconciled [i.e.,
restored to sanctity] by the bishop. Chaucer.
We pray you . . . be ye reconciled to God. 2 Cor. v. 20.
2. To bring to acquiescence, content, or quiet submission; as, to
reconcile one's self to affictions.
3. To make consistent or congruous; to bring to agreement or
suitableness; -- followed by with or to.
The great men among the ancients understood how to reconcile manual
labor with affairs of state. Locke.
Some figures monstrous and misshaped appear, Considered singly, or
beheld too near; Which, but proportioned to their light or place,
Due distance reconciles to form and grace. Pope.
4. To adjust; to settle; as, to reconcile differences. Syn. -- To
reunite; conciliate; placate; propitiate; pacify; appease.
Reconcile
Rec"on*cile`, v. i. To become reconciled. [Obs.]
Reconcilement
Rec"on*cile`ment (-ment), n. Reconciliation. Milton.
Reconciler
Rec"on*ci`ler (-s?`l?r), n. One who reconciles.
Reconciliation
Rec`on*cil`i*a"tion (-s?l`?*?"sh?n), n. [F. r\'82conciliation, L.
reconciliatio.]
1. The act of reconciling, or the state of being reconciled;
reconcilenment; restoration to harmony; renewal of friendship.
Reconciliation and friendship with God really form the basis of all
rational and true enjoyment. S. Miller.
2. Reduction to congruence or consistency; removal of inconsistency;
harmony.
A clear and easy reconciliation of those seeming inconsistencies of
Scripture. D. Rogers.
Syn. -- Reconciliment; reunion; pacification; appeasement;
propitiation; atonement; expiation.
Reconciliatory
Rec`on*cil"i*a*to*ry (-s?l"?*?*t?*r?), a. Serving or tending to
reconcile. Bp. Hall.
Recondensation
Re*con`den*sa"tion (r?*k?n`d?n*s?"sh?n), n. The act or process of
recondensing.
Recondense
Re`con*dense" (r?`k?n*d?ns"), v. t.To condense again.
Recondite
Rec"on*dite (r?k"?n*d?t OR r?*k?n"d?t;277), a. [L. reconditus, p. p.
of recondere to put up again, to lay up, to conceal; pref. re- re- +
condere to bring or lay together. See Abscond.]
1. Hidden from the mental or intellectual view; secret; abstruse; as,
recondite causes of things.
2. Dealing in things abstruse; profound; searching; as, recondite
studies. "Recondite learning." Bp. Horsley.
Reconditory
Re*con"di*to*ry (r?k?n"d?*t?*r?), n. [LL. reconditorium.] A
repository; a storehouse. [Obs.] Ash.
Reconduct
Re`con*duct" (r?`k?n*d?kt"), v. t. To conduct back or again. "A guide
to reconduct thy steps." Dryden.
Reconfirm
Re`con*firm" (-f?rm"), v. t. [Pref. re- + confirm: cf. F.
reconfirmer.] To confirm anew. Clarendon.
Reconfort
Re`con*fort" (-f?rt"), v. t. [F. r\'82conforter.] To recomfort; to
comfort. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Reconjoin
Re`con*join" (r?`k?n*join"), v. t. To join or conjoin anew. Boyle.
Reconnoissance, Reconnaissance
Re*con"nois*sance, Re*con"nais*sance (r?-k?n"n?s-s?ns), n. [F. See
Recognizance.] The act of reconnoitering; preliminary examination or
survey. Specifically: (a) (Geol.) An examination or survey of a region
in reference to its general geological character. (b) (Engin.) An
examination of a region as to its general natural features,
preparatory to a more particular survey for the purposes of
triangulation, or of determining the location of a public work. (c)
(Mil.) An examination of a territory, or of an enemy's position, for
the purpose of obtaining information necessary for directing military
operations; a preparatory expedition. Reconnoissance in force (Mil.),
a demonstration or attack by a large force of troops for the purpose
of discovering the position and strength of an enemy.
Reconnoiter, Reconnoitre
Rec`on*noi"ter, Rec`on*noi"tre (r?k`?n*noi"t?r), v. t. [F.
reconnoitre, a former spelling of reconna\'8ctre. See Recognize.]
1. To examine with the eye to make a preliminary examination or survey
of; esp., to survey with a view to military or engineering operations.
2. To recognize. [Obs.] Sir H. Walpole.
Reconquer
Re*con"quer (r?*k?n"k?r), v. t. [Pref. re- + conquer: cf. F.
reconqu\'82rir.] To conquer again; to recover by conquest; as, to
reconquer a revolted province.
Reconquest
Re*con"quest (-kw?st), n. A second conquest.
Reconsecrate
Re*con"se*crate (-k?n"s?*kr?t), v. t. To consecrate anew or again.
Reconsecration
Re*con`se*cra"tion, n. Renewed consecration.
Reconsider
Re`con*sid"er (r?`k?n*s?d"?r), v. t.
1. To consider again; as, to reconsider a subject.
2. (Parliamentary Practice) To take up for renewed consideration, as a
motion or a vote which has been previously acted upon.
Reconsideration
Re`con*sid`er*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n. The act of reconsidering, or the
state of being reconsidered; as, the reconsideration of a vote in a
legislative body.
Reconsolate
Re*con"so*late (r?*k?n"s?*l?t), v. t. To console or comfort again.
[Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.
Reconsolidate
Re`con*sol"i*date (r?`k?n*s?l"?*d?t), v. t. To consolidate anew or
again.
Reconsolidation
Re`con*sol`i*da"tion (-d?"sh?n), n. The act or process of
reconsolidating; the state of being reconsolidated.
Reconstruct
Re`con*struct" (-str?kt"), v. t. To construct again; to rebuild; to
remodel; to form again or anew.
Regiments had been dissolved and reconstructed. Macaulay.
Reconstruction
Re`con*struc"tion (-str?k"sh?n), n.
1. The act of constructing again; the state of being reconstructed.
2. (U.S. Politics) The act or process of reorganizing the governments
of the States which had passed ordinances of secession, and of
re\'89stablishing their constitutional relations to the national
government, after the close of the Civil War.
Reconstructive
Re`con*struct"ive (-str?k"t?v), a. Reconstructing; tending to
reconstruct; as, a reconstructive policy.
Recontinuance
Re`con*tin"u*ance (-t?n"?*?ns), n. The act or state of recontinuing.
Recontinue
Re`con*tin"ue (-?), v. t. & i. To continue anew.
Reconvene
Re`con*vene" (r?`k?n*v?n"), v. t. & i. To convene or assemble again;
to call or come together again.
Reconvention
Re`con*ven"tion (-v?n"sh?n), n. (Civil Law) A cross demand; an action
brought by the defendant against the plaintiff before the same judge.
Burrill. Bouvier.
Reconversion
Re`con*ver"sion (-v?r"sh?n), n. A second conversion.
Reconvert
Re`con*vert" (-v?rt"), v. t. To convert again. Milton.
Reconvert
Re*con"vert (r?*k?n"v?rt), n. A person who has been reconverted.
Gladstone.
Reconvertible
Re`con*vert"i*ble (r?`k?n*v?rt"?*b'l), a. (Chem.) Capable of being
reconverted; convertible again to the original form or condition.
Reconvey
Re`con*vey" (-v?"), v. t.
1. To convey back or to the former place; as, to reconvey goods.
2. To transfer back to a former owner; as, to reconvey an estate.
Reconveyance
Re`con*vey"ance (-v?"?ns), n. Act of reconveying.
Recopy
Re*cop"y (r?*k?p"?), v. t. To copy again.
Record
Re*cord" (r?*k?rd"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recorded; p. pr. & vb. n.
Recording.] [OE. recorden to repeat, remind, F. recorder, fr. L.
recordari to remember; pref. re- re- + cor, cordis, the heart or mind.
See Cordial, Heart.]
1. To recall to mind; to recollect; to remember; to meditate. [Obs.]
"I it you record." Chaucer.
2. To repeat; to recite; to sing or play. [Obs.]
They longed to see the day, to hear the lark Record her hymns, and
chant her carols blest. Fairfax.
3. To preserve the memory of, by committing to writing, to printing,
to inscription, or the like; to make note of; to write or enter in a
book or on parchment, for the purpose of preserving authentic evidence
of; to register; to enroll; as, to record the proceedings of a court;
to record historical events.
Those things that are recorded of him . . . are written in the
chronicles of the kings. 1 Esd. i. 42.
To record a deed, mortgage, lease, etc., to have a copy of the same
entered in the records of the office designated by law, for the
information of the public.
Record
Re*cord", v. i.
1. To reflect; to ponder. [Obs.]
Praying all the way, and recording upon the words which he before
had read. Fuller.
2. To sing or repeat a tune. [Obs.] Shak.
Whether the birds or she recorded best. W. Browne.
Record
Rec"ord (r?k"?rd), n. [OF. recort, record, remembrance, attestation,
record. See Record, v. t.]
1. A writing by which same act or event, or a number of acts or
events, is recorded; a register; as, a record of the acts of the
Hebrew kings; a record of the variations of temperature during a
certain time; a family record.
2. Especially: (a) An official contemporaneous writing by which the
acts of some public body, or public officer, are recorded; as, a
record of city ordinances; the records of the receiver of taxes. (b)
An authentic official copy of a document which has been entered in a
book, or deposited in the keeping of some officer designated by law.
(c) An official contemporaneous memorandum stating the proceedings of
a court of justice; a judicial record. (d) The various legal papers
used in a case, together with memoranda of the proceedings of the
court; as, it is not permissible to allege facts not in the record.
3. Testimony; witness; attestation.
John bare record, saying. John i. 32
.
4. That which serves to perpetuate a knowledge of acts or events; a
monument; a memorial.
5. That which has been, or might be, recorded; the known facts in the
course, progress, or duration of anything, as in the life of a public
man; as, a politician with a good or a bad record.
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6. That which has been publicly achieved in any kind of competitive
sport as recorded in some authoritative manner, as the time made by a
winning horse in a race.
Court of record (pron. rin Eng.), a court whose acts and judicial
proceedings are written on parchment or in books for a perpetual
memorial. -- Debt of record, a debt which appears to be due by the
evidence of a court of record, as upon a judgment or a cognizance. --
Trial by record, a trial which is had when a matter of record is
pleaded, and the opposite party pleads that there is no such record.
In this case the trial is by inspection of the record itself, no other
evidence being admissible. Blackstone. -- To beat, OR break, the
record (Sporting), to surpass any performance of like kind as
authoritatively recorded; as, to break the record in a walking match.
Recordance
Re*cord"ance (r?*k?rd"?ns), n. Remembrance. [Obs.]
Recordation
Rec`or*da"tion (r?k`?r*d?"sh?n), n. [L. recordatio: cf. F.
recordation. See Record, v. t.] Remembrance; recollection; also, a
record. [Obs.] Shak.
Recorder
Re*cord"er (r?*k?rd"?r), n.
1. One who records; specifically, a person whose official duty it is
to make a record of writings or transactions.
2. The title of the chief judical officer of some cities and boroughs;
also, of the chief justice of an East Indian settlement. The Recorder
of London is judge of the Lord Mayor's Court, and one of the
commissioners of the Central Criminal Court.
3. (Mus.) A kind of wind instrument resembling the flageolet. [Obs.]
"Flutes and soft recorders." Milton.
Recordership
Re*cord"er*ship, n. The office of a recorder.
Recording
Re*cord"ing, a. Keeping a record or a register; as, a recording
secretary; -- applied to numerous instruments with an automatic
appliance which makes a record of their action; as, a recording gauge
or telegraph.
Recorporification
Re`cor*por`i*fi*ca"tion (r?`k?r*p?r`?*f?*k?"sh?n), n. The act of
investing again with a body; the state of being furnished anew with a
body. [R.] Boyle.
Recouch
Re*couch" (r?*kouch"), v. i. [Pref. re- + couch: cf. F. recoucher.] To
retire again to a couch; to lie down again. [Obs.] Sir H. Wotton.
Recount
Re*count" (r?*kount"), v. t. [Pref. re- + count.] To count or reckon
again.
Recount
Re*count", n. A counting again, as of votes.
Recount
Re*count" (r?*kount"), v. t. [F. raconter to relate, to recount; pref.
re- again + ad.) + conter to relate. See Count, v.] To tell over; to
relate in detail; to recite; to tell or narrate the particulars of; to
rehearse; to enumerate; as, to recount one's blessings. Dryden.
To all his angels, who, with true applause, Recount his praises.
Milton.
Recountment
Re*count`ment (-m?nt), n. Recital. [Obs.] Shak.
Recoup, Recoupe
Re*coup", Re*coupe" (-k??p"), v. t. [F. recouper; pref. re- re- +
couper to cut.]
1. (Law) To keep back rightfully (a part), as if by cutting off, so as
to diminish a sum due; to take off (a part) from damages; to deduct;
as, where a landlord recouped the rent of premises from damages
awarded to the plaintiff for eviction.
2. To get an equivalent or compensation for; as, to recoup money lost
at the gaming table; to recoup one's losses in the share market.
3. To reimburse; to indemnify; -- often used reflexively and in the
passive.
Elizabeth had lost her venture; but if she was bold, she might
recoup herself at Philip's cost. Froude.
Industry is sometimes recouped for a small price by extensive
custom. Duke of Argyll.
Recouper
Re*coup"er (r?*k??p"?r), n. One who recoups. Story.
Recoupment
Re*coup"ment (-m?nt), n. The act of recouping.
NOTE: &hand; Recoupment applies to equities growing out of the very
affair from which thw principal demand arises, set-off to
cross-demands which may be independent in origin.
Abbott.
Recourse
Re*course" (r?*k?rs"), n. [F. recours, L. recursus a running back,
return, fr. recurrere, recursum, to run back. See Recur.]
1. A coursing back, or coursing again, along the line of a previous
coursing; renewed course; return; retreat; recurence. [Obs.] "Swift
recourse of flushing blood." Spenser.
Unto my first I will have my recourse. Chaucer.
Preventive physic . . . preventeth sickness in the healthy, or the
recourse thereof in the valetudinary. Sir T. Browne.
2. Recurrence in difficulty, perplexity, need, or the like; access or
application for aid; resort.
Thus died this great peer, in a time of great recourse unto him and
dependence upon him. Sir H. Wotton.
Our last recourse is therefore to our art. Dryden.
3. Access; admittance. [Obs.]
Give me recourse to him. Shak.
Without recourse (Commerce), words sometimes added to the indorsement
of a negotiable instrument to protect the indorser from liability to
the indorsee and subsequent holders. It is a restricted indorsement.
Recourse
Re*course", v. i.
1. To return; to recur. [Obs.]
The flame departing and recoursing. Foxe.
2. To have recourse; to resort. [Obs.] Bp. Hacket.
Recourseful
Re*course"ful (-f?l), a. Having recurring flow and ebb; moving
alternately. [Obs.] Drayton.
Recover
Re*cov"er (r?*k?v"?r), v. t. [Pref. re- + cover: cf. F. recouvrir.] To
cover again. Sir W. Scott.
Recover
Re*cov"er (r?*k?v"?r), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recovered (-?rd); p. pr. &
vb. n. Recovering. ] [OE. recoveren, OF. recovrer, F. recouvrer, from
L. recuperare; pref. re- re + a word of unknown origin.
Cf.Recuperate.]
1. To get or obtain again; to get renewed possession of; to win back;
to regain.
David recovered all that the Amalekites had carried away. 1. Sam.
xxx. 18.
2. To make good by reparation; to make up for; to retrieve; to repair
the loss or injury of; as, to recover lost time. "Loss of catel may
recovered be." Chaucer.
Even good men have many failings and lapses to lament and recover.
Rogers.
3. To restore from sickness, faintness, or the like; to bring back to
life or health; to cure; to heal.
The wine in my bottle will recover him. Shak.
4. To overcome; to get the better of, -- as a state of mind or body.
I do hope to recover my late hurt. Cowley.
When I had recovered a little my first surprise. De Foe.
5. To rescue; to deliver.
That they may recover themselves out of the snare of the devil, who
are taken captive by him. 2. Tim. ii. 26.
6. To gain by motion or effort; to obtain; to reach; to come to.
[Archaic]
The forest is not three leagues off; If we recover that, we're sure
enough. Shak.
Except he could recover one of the Cities of Refuge he was to die.
Hales.
7. (Law) To gain as a compensation; to obtain in return for injury or
debt; as, to recover damages in trespass; to recover debt and costs in
a suit at law; to obtain title to by judgement in a court of law; as,
to recover lands in ejectment or common recovery; to gain by legal
process; as, to recover judgement against a defendant.
Recover arms (Mil. Drill), a command whereby the piece is brought from
the position of "aim" to that of "ready." Syn. -- To regain;
repossess; resume; retrieve; recruit; heal; cure.
Recover
Re*cov"er (r?*k?v"?r), v. i.
1. To regain health after sickness; to grow well; to be restored or
cured; hence, to regain a former state or condition after misfortune,
alarm, etc.; -- often followed by of or from; as, to recover from a
state of poverty; to recover from fright.
Go, inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron, whether I shall
recover of this disease. 2 Kings i. 2.
2. To make one's way; to come; to arrive. [Obs.]
With much ado the Christians recovered to Antioch. Fuller.
3. (Law) To obtain a judgement; to succeed in a lawsuit; as, the
plaintiff has recovered in his suit.
Recover
Re*cov"er, n. Recovery. Sir T. Malory.
Recoverable
Re*cov"er*a*ble (-?*b'l), a. [Cf. F. recouvrable.] Capable of being
recovered or regained; capable of being brought back to a former
condition, as from sickness, misfortune, etc.; obtainable from a
debtor or possessor; as, the debt is recoverable; goods lost or sunk
in the ocean are not recoverable.
A prodigal course Is like the sun's; but not, like his,
recoverable. Shak.
If I am recoverable, why am I thus? Cowper.
-- Re*cov"er*a*ble*ness, n.
Re coverance
Re cov"er*ance (ans), n. Recovery. [Obs.]
Recoveree
Re*cov`er*ee" (-?"), n. (Law) The person against whom a judgment is
obtained in common recovery.
Recoverer
Re*cov"er*er (r?*k?v"?r*?r), n.One who recovers.
Recoveror
Re*cov`er*or" (-?r), n. (Law) The demandant in a common recovery after
judgment. Wharton.
Recovery
Re*cov"er*y (r?*k?v"?r*?), n.
1. The act of recovering, regaining, or retaking possession.
2. Restoration from sickness, weakness, faintness, or the like;
restoration from a condition of mistortune, of fright, etc.
3. (Law) The obtaining in a suit at law of a right to something by a
verdict and judgment of court.
4. The getting, or gaining, of something not previously had. [Obs.]
"Help be past recovery." Tusser.
5. In rowing, the act of regaining the proper position for making a
new stroke.
Common recovery (Law), a species of common assurance or mode of
conveying lands by matter of record, through the forms of an action at
law, formerly in frequent use, but now abolished or obsolete, both in
England and America. Burrill. Warren.
Recreance
Rec"re*ance (r?k"r?*?ns), n. Recreancy.
Recreancy
Rec"re*an*cy (-an*s?), n. The quality or state of being recreant.
Recreant
Rec"re*ant (-ant), a. [OF., cowardly, fr. recroire, recreire, to
forsake, leave, tire, discourage, regard as conquered, LL. recredere
se to declare one's self conquered in combat; hence, those are called
recrediti or recreanti who are considered infamous; L. pref. re-
again, back + credere to believe, to be of opinion; hence, originally,
to disavow one's opinion. See Creed.]
1. Crying for mercy, as a combatant in the trial by battle; yielding;
cowardly; mean-spirited; craven. "This recreant knight." Spenser.
2. Apostate; false; unfaithful.
Who, for so many benefits received, Turned recreant to God, ingrate
and false. Milton.
Recreant
Rec"re*ant, n. One who yields in combat, and begs for mercy; a
mean-spirited, cowardly wretch. Blackstone.
You are all recreants and dastards! Shak.
Re-create
Re`-cre*ate" (r?`kr?*?t"), v. t. [Pref. re- + create.] To create or
form anew.
On opening the campaign of 1776, instead of re\'89nforcing, it was
necessary to re-create, the army. Marshall.
Recreate
Rec"re*ate (rk"r*t), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recreated (-`td); p. pr. &
vb. n. Recreating.] [L. recreatus, p. p. of recreate to create anew,
to refresh; pref. re- re- + creare to create. See Create.] To give
fresh life to; to reanimate; to revive; especially, to refresh after
wearying toil or anxiety; to relieve; to cheer; to divert; to amuse;
to gratify.
Painters, when they work on white grounds, place before them colors
mixed with blue and green, to recreate their eyes, white wearying .
. . the sight more than any. Dryden.
St. John, who recreated himself with sporting with a tame
partridge. Jer. Taylor.
These ripe fruits recreate the nostrils with their aromatic scent.
Dr. H. More.
Recreate
Rec"re*ate, v. i. To take recreation. L. Addison.
Recreation
Rec"re*a"tion (-?"sh?n), n. [F. r\'82cr\'82ation, L. recreatio.] The
act of recreating, or the state of being recreated; refreshment of the
strength and spirits after toil; amusement; diversion; sport; pastime.
Recreation
Re`*cre*a"tion (r?`kr?*?sh?n), n. [See Re-create.] A forming anew; a
new creation or formation.
Re-creative
Re`-cre*a"tive (-?`t?v), a. Creating anew; as, re-creative power.
Recreative
Rec"re*a`tive (r?k"r?*?`t?v), a. [Cf. F. r\'82cr. See Recreate.]
Tending to recreate or refresh; recreating; giving new vigor or
animation; reinvigorating; giving relief after labor or pain; amusing;
diverting.
Let the music of them be recreative. Bacon.
--- Rec"re*a`tive*ly, adv. -- Rec"re*a`tive*ness, n.
Recrement
Rec"re*ment (r?k"r?*ment), n. [L. recrementum; pref. re- re- +
cernere, cretum, to separate, sift: cf. F. r\'82cr\'82ment.]
1. Superfluous matter separated from that which is useful; dross;
scoria; as, the recrement of ore.
2. (Med.) (a) Excrement. [Obs.] (a) A substance secreted from the
blood and again absorbed by it.
Recremental
Rec`re*men"tal (-m?n"tal), a. Recrementitious.
Recrementitial
Rec`re*men*ti"tial (-m?n*t?sh"al), a. [Cf. F. r\'82cr\'82mentitiel.]
(Med.) Of the nature of a recrement. See Recrement,2 (b).
"Recrementitial fluids." Dunglison.
Recrementitious
Rec`re*men*ti"tious (-t?sh"?s), a. Of or pertaining to recrement;
consisting of recrement or dross. Boyle.
Recriminate
Re*crim"i*nate (r?*kr?m"?*n?t), v. i. [Pref. re- + criminate: cf. F.
r\'82criminer ,LL. recriminare.] To return one charge or accusation
with another; to chargeback fault or crime upon an accuser.
It is not my business to recriminate, hoping sufficiently toBp.
Stillingfleet.
Recriminate
Re*crim"i*nate, v. t. To accuse in return. South.
Recrimination
Re*crim`i*na"tion (-n?"sh?n), n. [F. r\'82crimination, LL.
recriminatio.] The act of recriminating; an accusation brought by the
accused against the accuser; a counter accusation.
Accusations and recriminations passed back ward and forward between
the contending parties. Macaulay.
Recriminative
Re*crim"i*na*tive (-n?*t?v), a. Recriminatory.
Recriminator
Re*crim"i*na`tor (-n?`t?r), n. One who recriminates.
Recriminatory
Re*crim"i*na*to*ry (-n?*t?*r?), a. [Cf. F. r\'82criminatoire.] Having
the quality of recrimination; retorting accusation; recriminating.
Recross
Re*cross" (r?*kr?s";115), v. t. To cross a second time.
Recrudency
Re*cru"den*cy (r?*kr?"den*s?), n. Recrudescence.
Recrudescence rkrdssens, Recrudescency
Re`cru*des"cence (r?`kr?*d?s"sens), Re`cru*des`cen*cy (-d?s"sen*s?),
n. [Cf. F. recrudescence.]
1. The state or condition of being recrudescent.
A recrudescence of barbarism may condemn it [land] to chronic
poverty and waste. Duke of Argyll.
2. (Med.) Increased severity of a disease after temporary remission.
Dunglison.
Recrudescent
Re`cru*des"cent (-sent), a. [L. recrudescens, -entis, p.pr. of
recrudescere to become raw again; pref. re- re- + crudescere to become
hard or raw: cf. F. recrudescent.]
1. Growing raw, sore, or painful again.
2. Breaking out again after temporary abatement or supression; as, a
recrudescent epidemic.
Recruit
Re*cruit" (r?*kr?t"), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Recruited; p. pr. & vb. n.
Recruiting.] [F. recruter, corrupted (under influence of recrue
recruiting, recruit, from recro, p.p. recr, to grow again) from an
older recluter, properly, to patch, to mend (a garment); pref. re- +
OF. clut piece, piece of cloth; cf. Icel. kl kerchief, E. clout.]
1. To repair by fresh supplies, as anything wasted; to remedy lack or
deficiency in; as, food recruits the flesh; fresh air and exercise
recruit the spirits.
Her cheeks glow the brighter, recruiting their color. Glanvill.
2. Hence, to restore the wasted vigor of; to renew in strength or
health; to reinvigorate.
3. To supply with new men, as an army; to fill up or make up by
enlistment; as, he recruited two regiments; the army was recruited for
a campaign; also, to muster; to enlist; as, he recruited fifty men. M.
Arnold.
Recruit
Re*cruit", v. i.
1. To gain new supplies of anything wasted; to gain health, flesh,
spirits, or the like; to recuperate; as, lean cattle recruit in fresh
pastures.
2. To gain new supplies of men for military or other service; to raise
or enlist new soldiers; to enlist troops.
Recruit
Re*cruit", n.
1. A supply of anything wasted or exhausted; a re\'89nforcement.
The state is to have recruits to its strength, and remedies to its
distempers. Burke.
2. Specifically, a man enlisted for service in the army; a newly
enlisted soldier.
Recruiter
Re*cruit"er, n. One who, or that which, recruits.
Recruitment
Re*cruit"ment (-ment), n. The act or process of recruiting;
especially, the enlistment of men for an army.
Recrystallization
Re*crys`tal*li*za"tion (r?*kr?s`tal?*z?"sh?n), n. (Chem. & Min.) The
process or recrystallizing.
Recrystallize
Re*crys"tal*lize (r?*kr?s"tal*l?z), v. i. & t. (Chem. & Min.) To
crystallize again. Henry.
Rectal
Rec"tal (r?k"tal), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the rectum; in the
region of the rectum.
Rectangle
Rec"tan`gle (r?k"t??`g'l), n. [F., fr. L. rectus right + angulus
angle. See Right, and Angle.] (Geom.) A four-sided figure having only
right angles; a right-angled parallelogram.
NOTE: &hand; As the area of a rectangle is expressed by the product
of its two dimensions, the term rectangle is sometimes used for
product; as, the rectangle of a and b, that is, ab.
Rectangle
Rec"tan`gle, a. Rectangular. [R.]
Rectangled
Rec"tan`gled (-g'ld), a. Rectangular. Hutton.
Rectangular
Rec*tan"gu*lar (r?k*t?n"g?*l?r), a. [CF. F. rectangulaire.]
Right-angled; having one or more angles of ninety degrees. --
Rec*tan"gu*lar*ly (r, adv. -- Rec*tan"gu*lar*ness, n.
Rectangularity
Rec*tan`gu*lar"i*ty (-l?r"?*t?), n. The quality or condition of being
rectangular, or right-angled.
Recti-
Rec"ti- (r?k"t?*). [L. rectus straight.] A combining form signifying
straight; as, rectilineal, having straight lines; rectinerved.
Rectifiable
Rec"ti*fi`a*ble (r?k"t?*f?`?*b'l), a.
1. Capable of being rectified; as, a rectifiable mistake.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1202
2. (Math.) Admitting, as a curve, of the construction of a straight l
Rectification
Rec`ti*fi*ca"tion (r?k`t?*f?*k?1sh?n), n. [Cf. F. rectification.]
1. The act or operation of rectifying; as, the rectification of an
error; the rectification of spirits.
After the rectification of his views, he was incapable of
compromise with profounder shapes of error. De Quincey.
2. (Geom.) The determination of a straight line whose length is equal
a portion of a curve.
Rectification of a globe (Astron.), its adjustment preparatory to the
solution of a proposed problem.
Rectificator
Rec"ti*fi*ca`tor (r?k"t?*f?*k?`t?r), n. (Chem.) That which rectifies
or refines; esp., a part of a distilling apparatus in which the more
volatile portions are separated from the less volatile by the process
of evaporation and condensation; a rectifier.
Rectifier
Rec"ti*fi`er (r?k"t?*f?`?r), n.
1. One who, or that which, rectifies.
2. Specifically: (a) (Naut.) An instrument used for determining and
rectifying the variations of the compass on board ship. (b) (Chem.) A
rectificator.<-- (Elec.) A device to convert alternating current to
direct current. -->
Rectify
Rec"ti*fy (-f?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Rectified (-f?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Rectifying (-f?`?ng).] [F. rectifier, LL. rectificare; L. rectus right
+ -ficare (in comp.) to make. See Right, and -fy.]
1. To make or set right; to correct from a wrong, erroneous, or false
state; to amend; as, to rectify errors, mistakes, or abuses; to
rectify the will, the judgment, opinions; to rectify disorders.
I meant to rectify my conscience. Shak.
This was an error of opinion which a conflicting opinion would have
rectified. Burke.
2. (Chem.) To refine or purify by repeated distillation or
sublimation, by which the fine parts of a substance are separated from
the grosser; as, to rectify spirit of wine.
3. (Com.) To produce ( as factitious gin or brandy) by redistilling
low wines or ardent spirits (whisky, rum, etc.), flavoring substances,
etc., being added. <-- (Elec.) To convert (alternating current) to
direct current. -->
To rectify a globe, to adjust it in order to prepare for the solution
of a proposed problem. Syn. -- To amend; emend; correct; better; mend;
reform; redress; adjust; regulate; improve. See Amend.
Rectilineal -lnal, Rectilinear
Rec`ti*lin"e*al (-l?n"?*al), Rec`ti*lin"e*ar (-l?n"?*?r), a. [Recti- +
lineal, linear.] Straight; consisting of a straight line or lines;
bounded by straight lines; as, a rectineal angle; a rectilinear figure
or course. -- Rec`ti*lin"e*al*ly, adv. -- Rec`ti*lin"e*ar*ly, adv.
Rectilinearity
Rec`ti*lin`e*ar"i*ty (-?r"?*t?), n. The quality or state of being
rectilinear. Coleridge.
Rectilineous
Rec`ti*lin"e*ous (-?s), a. Rectilinear. [Obs.] Ray.
Rectinerved
Rec"ti*nerved` (r?k"t?*n?rrvd`), a. [Recti- + nerve.] (Bot.) Having
the veins or nerves straight; -- said of leaves.
Rection
Rec"tion (r?k"sh?n), n. [L. rectio, fr. regere to rule or govern.]
(Gram.) See Government, n., 7. Gibbs.
Rectirostral
Rec`ti*ros"tral (r?k`t?*r?s"tral), a. [Recti- + rostral.] (Zo\'94l.)
Having a straight beak.
Rectiserial
Rec`ti*se"ri*al (-s?"r?*al), a. [Recti- + serial.] (Bot.) Arranged in
exactly vertical ranks, as the leaves on stems of many kinds; --
opposed to curviserial.
Rectitis
Rec*ti"tis (r?k*t?"t?s), n. [NL. See Rectum, and -itis.] (Med.)
Proctitis. Dunglison.
Rectitude
Rec"ti*tude (r?k"t?*t?d), n. [L. rectitudo, fr. rectus right,
straight: cf. F. rectitude. See Right.]
1. Straightness. [R.] Johnson.
2. Rightness of principle or practice; exact conformity to truth, or
to the rules prescribed for moral conduct, either by divine or human
laws; uprightness of mind; uprightness; integrity; honesty; justice.
3. Right judgment. [R.] Sir G. C. Lewis. Syn. -- See Justice.
Recto-
Rec"to- (r?k"t?*). A combining form indicating connection with, or
relation to, the rectum; as, recto-vesical.
Recto
Rec"to, n. [Abbrev. fr. LL. breve de recto. See Right.] (Law) A writ
of right.
Recto
Rec"to, n. [Cf. F. recto.] (Print.) The right-hand page; -- opposed to
verso.
Rector
Rec"tor (r?k"t?r), n. [L., fr. regere, rectum, to lead straight, to
rule: cf. F. recteur. See Regiment, Right.]
1. A ruler or governor.[R.]
God is the supreme rector of the world. Sir M. Hale.
2. (a) (Ch. of Eng.) A clergyman who has the charge and cure of a
parish, and has the tithes, etc.; the clergyman of a parish where the
tithes are not impropriate. See the Note under Vicar. Blackstone. (b)
(Prot. Epis. Ch.) A clergyman in charge of a parish.
3. The head master of a public school. [Scot.]
4. The chief elective officer of some universities, as in France and
Scotland; sometimes, the head of a college; as, the Rector of Exeter
College, or of Lincoln College, at Oxford.
5. (R.C.CH.) The superior officer or chief of a convent or religious
house; and among the Jesuits the superior of a house that is a
seminary or college.
Rectoral
Rec"tor*al (-al), a. [CF. F. rectoral.] Pertaining to a rector or
governor.
Rectorate
Rec"tor*ate (-?t), n. [LL. rectoratus: cf. F. rectorat.] The office,
rank, or station of a rector; rectorship.
Rectoress
Rec"tor*ess, n.
1. A governess; a rectrix. Drayton.
2. The wife of a rector. Thackeray.
Rectorial
Rec*to"ri*al (r?k*t?"r?*al), a.Pertaining to a rector or a rectory;
rectoral. Shipley.
Rectorship
Rec"tor*ship (r?k"t?r*sh?p), n.
1. Government; guidance. [Obs.] "The rectorship of judgment." Shak.
2. The office or rank of a rector; rectorate.
Rectory
Rec"to*ry (-t?*r?), n.; pl. Rectories (-r. [Cf. OF. rectorie or
rectorerie, LL. rectoria.]
1. The province of a rector; a parish church, parsonage, or spiritual
living, with all its rights, tithes, and glebes.
2. A rector's mansion; a parsonage house.
Recto-uterine
Rec`to-u"ter*ine (-?"t?r*?n or *?n), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to
both the rectum and the uterus.
Rectovaginal
Rec`to*vag"i*nal (r?k`t?*v?j"?*nal), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to
both the rectum and the vagina.
Recto-vesical
Rec`to-ves"i*cal (-v?s"?*kal), a. (Anat.) Of or pertaining to both the
rectum and the bladder.
Rectress
Rec"tress (r?k"tr?s), n. A rectoress. B. Jonson.
Rectrix
Rec"trix (-tr?ks), n.; pl. Rectrices (-tr. [L., fem. of rector.]
1. A governess; a rectoress.
2. (Zo\'94l.) One of the quill feathers of the tail of a bird.
Rectum
Rec"tum (-t?m), n. [NL. (sc. intestinum), fr. L. rectus straight. See
Right.] (Anat.) The terminal part of the large intestine; -- so named
because supposed by the old anatomists to be straight. See Illust.
under Digestive.
Rectus
Rec"tus (-t?s), n.; pl. Recti (-t. [NL., fr. L. regere to keep
straight.] (Anat.) A straight muscle; as, the recti of the eye.
Recubation
Rec`u*ba"tion (r?k`?*b?"sh?n), n. [L. recubare to lie upon the back.]
Recumbence. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Recule
Re*cule" (r?*k?l"), v. i. To recoil. [Obs.] Spenser.
Recule rkl, Reculement
Re*cule" (r?*k?l"), Re*cule"ment (-ment), n. [F. reculement.] Recoil.
[Obs.]
Recumb
Re*cumb" (-k?m"), v. i. [L. recumbere; pref. re- back + cumbere (in
comp.), akin to cubare to lie down.] To lean; to recline; to repose.
[Obs.] J. Allen (1761).
Recumbence
Re*cum"bence (r?*k?m"bens), n. The act of leaning, resting, or
reclining; the state of being recumbent.
Recumbency
Re*cum"ben*cy (-ben*s?), n. Recumbence.
Recumbent
Re*cum"bent (-bet), a. [L. recumbens, -entis, p. pr. of recumbere. See
Recumb, Incumbent.] Leaning; reclining; lying; as, the recumbent
posture of the Romans at their meals. Hence, figuratively; Resting;
inactive; idle. -- Re*cum"bent*ly, adv.
Recuperable
Re*cu"per*a*ble (r?*k?"p?r*?*b'l), a. [Cf.F. r\'82cup. See Recover.]
Recoverable. Sir T. Elyot.
Recuperate
Re*cu"per*ate (-?t), v. i. [imp. &. p. p. Recuperated (-?`t?d); p. pr.
& vb. n. Recuperating.] [L.recuperatus,p.p. of recuperare. See Recover
to get again.] To recover health; to regain strength; to convalesce.
Recuperate
Re*cu"per*ate, v. t. To recover; to regain; as, to recuperate the
health or strength.
Recuperation
Re*cu`per*a"tion (-?`sh?n), n.. [L. recuperatio: cf. F. r\'82cup.]
Recovery, as of anything lost, especially of the health or strength.
Recuperative -tv, Recuperatory
Re*cu"per*a*tive (-?*t?v), Re*cu"per*a*to*ry (-?*t?*r?), a. [L.
recuperativus, recuperatorius.] Of or pertaining to recuperation;
tending to recovery.
Recuperator
Re*cu"per*a`tor (r?*k?"pp?r*?`t?r), n. [Cf. L. recuperator a
recoverer.] (Steel Manuf.) Same as Regenerator.
Recur
Re*cur" (r?*k?r"), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Recurred (-k?rd"); p. pr. & vb.
n. Recurring.] [L. recurrere; pref.re- re- + currere to run. See
Current.]
1. To come back; to return again or repeatedly; to come again to mind.
When any word has been used to signify an idea, the old idea will
recur in the mind when the word is heard. I. Watts.
2. To occur at a stated interval, or according to some regular rule;
as, the fever will recur to-night.
3. To resort; to have recourse; to go for help.
If, to avoid succession in eternal existence, they recur to the
"punctum stans" of the schools, they will thereby very little help
us to a more positive idea of infinite duration. Locke.
Recurring decimal (Math.), a circulating decimal. See under Decimal.
-- Recurring series (Math.), an algebraic series in which the
coefficients of the several terms can be expressed by means of certain
preceding coefficients and constants in one uniform manner.
Recure
Re*cure" (r?*k?r"), v. t. [Cf. Recover.]
1. To arrive at; to reach; to attain. [Obs.] Lydgate.
2. To recover; to regain; to repossess. [Obs.]
When their powers, impaired through labor long, With due repast,
they had recured well. Spenser.
3. To restore, as from weariness, sickness; or the like; to repair.
In western waves his weary wagon did recure. Spenser.
4. To be a cure for; to remedy. [Obs.]
No medicine Might avail his sickness to recure. Lydgate.
Recure
Re*cure", n. Cure; remedy; recovery. [Obs.]
But whom he hite, without recure he dies. Fairfax.
Recureless
Re*cure"less, a. Incapable of cure. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Recurrence rkrrens, Recurrency
Re*cur"rence (r?*k?r"rens), Re*cur"ren*cy (-ren*s?), n. [Cf. F.
r\'82currence.] The act of recurring, or state of being recurrent;
return; resort; recourse.
I shall insensibly go on from a rare to a frequent recurrence to
the dangerous preparations. I. Taylor.
Recurrent
Re*cur"rent (-rent), a. [L. recurrens, -entis, p. pr. of recurrere:
cf.F. r\'82current. See Recur.]
1. Returning from time to time; recurring; as, recurrent pains.
2. (Anat.) Running back toward its origin; as, a recurrent nerve or
artery.
Recurrent fever. (Med.) See Relapsing fever, under Relapsing. --
Recurrent pulse (Physiol.), the pulse beat which appears (when the
radial artery is compressed at the wrist) on the distal side of the
point of pressure through the arteries of the palm of the hand. --
Recurrent sensibility (Physiol.), the sensibility manifested by the
anterior, or motor, roots of the spinal cord (their stimulation
causing pain) owing to the presence of sensory fibers from the
corresponding sensory or posterior roots.
Recursant
Re*cur"sant (r?*k?r"sant), a. [L. recursans, -antis, p. pr. of
recursare to run back, v. freq. of recurrere. See Recure.] (Her.)
Displayed with the back toward the spectator; -- said especially of an
eagle.
Recursion
Re*cur"sion (-sh?n), n. [L. recursio. See Recur.] The act of
recurring; return. [Obs.] Boyle. <-- (Math.) The calculation of a
mathematical expression (or a quantity) by repeating an operation on
another expression which was derived by application of the same
operation, on an expression which itself was the result of similar
repeated applications of that same operation on prior results. The
series of operations is terminated by specifying an initial or
terminal condition. (Computers) A programming technique in which a
function calls itself as a subfunction. Such calls may be repeated in
series to arbitrary depth, provided that a terminating condition is
given so that the final (deepest) call will return a value (rather
than continue to recurse), which then permits the next higher call to
return a value, and so forth, until the original call returns a value
to the calling program. -->
Recurvate
Re*cur"vate (r?*k?r"v?t), a. [L. recurvatus, p. p. of recurvare. See
Re-, and Curvate.] (Bot.) Recurved.
Recurvate
Re*cur"vate (-v?t), v. t. To bend or curve back; to recurve. Pennant.
Recurvation
Re`cur*va"tion (r?`k?r*v?"sh?n), n. The act of recurving, or the state
of being recurved; a bending or flexure backward.
Recurve
Re*curve" (r?*k?rv"), v. t. To curve in an opposite or unusual
direction; to bend back or down.
Recurved
Re*curved" (r?*k?rvd"), a. Curved in an opposite or uncommon
direction; bent back; as, a bird with a recurved bill; flowers with
recurved petals.
Recurviroster
Re*cur`vi*ros"ter (r?*k?r`v?*r?s"t?r), n. [L. recurvus bent back +
rostrum beack; cf. F. r\'82curvirostre.] (Zool.) A bird whose beak
bends upward, as the avocet.
Recurvirostral
Re*cur`vi*ros"tral (-tral), a. [See Recurviroster.] (Zo\'94l.) Having
the beak bent upwards.
Recurvity
Re*cur"vi*ty (r?*k?r"v?*t?), n. Recurvation.
Recurvous
Re*cur"vous (-v?s), a. [L. recurvus; pref. re- re + curvus curved.]
Recurved. Derham.
Recusancy
Re*cu"san*cy (r?*k?"zan*s? OR r?k"?-), n. The state of being recusant;
nonconformity. Coke.
Recusant
Re*cu"sant (-zat; 277), a.[L. recusans, -antis, p.pr. of recure to
refuse, to oject to; pref. re- re + causa a cause, pretext: cf. F.
r\'82cusant. See Cause, and cf. Ruse.] Obstinate in refusal;
specifically, in English history, refusing to acknowledge the
supremacy of the king in the churc, or to conform to the established
rites of the church; as, a recusant lord.
It stated him to have placed his son in the household of the
Countess of Derby, a recusant papist. Sir W. Scott.
Recusant
Re*cu"sant, n.
1. One who is obstinate in refusal; one standing out stubbornly
against general practice or opinion.
The last rebellious recusants among the European family of nations.
De Quincey.
2. (Eng. Hist.) A person who refuses to acknowledge the supremacy of
the king in matters of religion; as, a Roman Catholic recusant, who
acknowledges the supremacy of the pope. Brande & C.
3. One who refuses communion with the Church of England; a
nonconformist.
All that are recusants of holy rites. Holyday.
Reusation
Re`u*sa"tion (r?k`?*z?"sh?n), n. [L. recusatio: cf. F. r\'82cusation.]
1. Refusal. [Obs.]
2. (Old Law) The act of refusing a judge or challenging that he shall
not try the cause, on account of his supposed partiality. Blackstone.
Recusative
Re*cu"sa*tive (r?*k?"z?*t?v), a. Refusing; denying; negative. [R.]
Jer. Taylor.
Recuse
Re*cuse" (r?*k?z"), v. t. [F. r\'82cuser, or L. recusare. See
Recusant.] (Law) To refuse or reject, as a judge; to challenge that
the judge shall not try the cause. [Obs.] Sir K. Digby.
Recussion
Re*cus"sion (r?*k?sh"?n), n. [L. recutire, recussum, to beat back;
pref. re- re- + quatere to shake.] The act of beating or striking
back.
Red
Red (r?d), obs. . imp. & p. p. of Read. Spenser.
Red
Red, v. t. To put on order; to make tidy; also, to free from
entanglement or embarrassement; -- generally with up; as, to red up a
house. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
Red
Red, a. [Compar. Redder (-d?r); superl. Reddest.] [OE. red, reed, AS.
re, re; akin to OS. r, OFries, r, D. rood, G. roht, rot, OHG. r, Dan.
& Sw. r, Icel. rau, rj, Goth. r, W. rhudd, Armor. ruz, Ir. & Gael.
ruadh, L. ruber, rufus, Gr. , Skr. rudhira, rohita; cf. L. rutilus.
&root;113. Cr. Erysipelas, Rouge, Rubric, Ruby, Ruddy, Russet, Rust.]
Of the color of blood, or of a tint resembling that color; of the hue
of that part of the rainbow, or of the solar spectrum, which is
furthest from the violet part. "Fresh flowers, white and reede."
Chaucer.
Your color, I warrant you, is as red as any rose. Shak.
NOTE: &hand; Red is a general term, including many different shades
or hues, as scarlet, crimson, vermilion, orange red, and the like.
NOTE: &hand; Re d is often used in the formation of self-explaining
compounds; as, red-breasted, red-cheeked, red-faced, red-haired,
red-headed, red-skinned, red-tailed, red-topped, red-whiskered,
red-coasted.
Red admiral (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful butterfly (Vanessa Atalanta)
common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a
broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also Atlanta
butterfly, and nettle butterfly. -- Red ant. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A very
small ant (Myrmica molesta) which often infests houses. (b) A larger
reddish ant (Formica sanquinea), native of Europe and America. It is
one of the slave-making species. -- Red antimony (Min.), kermesite.
See Kermes mineral (b), under Kermes. -- Red ash (Bot.), an American
tree (Fraxinus pubescens), smaller than the white ash, and less
valuable for timber. Cray. -- Red bass. (Zo\'94l.) See Redfish (d). --
Red bay (Bot.), a tree (Persea Caroliniensis) having the heartwood
red, found in swamps in the Southern United States. -- Red beard
(Zo\'94l.), a bright red sponge (Microciona prolifera), common on
oyster shells and stones. [Local, U.S.] -- Red birch (Bot.), a species
of birch (Betula nigra) having reddish brown bark, and compact,
light-colored wood. Gray. -- Red blindness. (Med.) See Daltonism. --
Red book, a book containing the names of all the persons in the
service of the state. [Eng.] -- Red book of the Exchequer, an ancient
record in which are registered the names of all that held lands per
baroniam in the time of Henry II. Brande & C. -- Red brass, an alloy
containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc. -- Red bug.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and
produces great irritation by its bites. (b) A red hemipterous insect
of the genus Pyrrhocoris, especially the European species (P.
apterus), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree
trunks. (c) See Cotton stainder, under Cotton. -- Red cedar. (Bot.) An
evergreen North American tree (Juniperus Virginiana) having a fragrant
red-colored heartwood. (b) A tree of India and Australia (Cedrela
Toona) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also toon tree in
India.
_________________________________________________________________
Page 1203
--
Red chalk. See under Chalk. -- Red copper (Min.), red oxide of copper;
cuprite. -- Red coral (Zo\'94l.), the precious coral (Corallium
rubrum). See Illusts. of Coral and Gorgonlacea. -- Red cross. The
cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English. (b) The
Geneva cross. See Geneva convention, and Geneva cross, under Geneva.
-- Red currant. (Bot.) See Currant. -- Red deer. (Zo\'94l.) (a) The
common stag (Cervus elaphus), native of the forests of the temperate
parts of Europe and Asia. It is very similar to the American elk, or
wapiti. (b) The Virginia deer. See Deer. -- Red duck (Zo\'94l.), a
European reddish brown duck (Fuligula nyroca); -- called also
ferruginous duck. -- Red ebony. (Bot.) See Grenadillo. -- Red empress
(Zo\'94l.), a butterfly. See Tortoise shell. -- Red fir (Bot.), a
coniferous tree (Pseudotsuga Douglasii) found from British Columbia to
Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name is sometimes
given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and the American
Abies magnifica and A. nobilis. -- Red fire. (Pyrotech.) See Blue
fire, under Fire. -- Red flag. See under Flag. -- Red fox (Zo\'94l.),
the common American fox (Vulpes fulvus), which is usually reddish in
color. -- Red grouse (Zo\'94l.), the Scotch grouse, or ptarmigan. See
under Ptarmigan. -- Red gum, OR Red gum-tree (Bot.), a name given to
eight Australian species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus amygdalina,
resinifera, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See Eucalyptus. --
Red hand (Her.), a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect, borne on an
escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland; -- called also Badge of Ulster. -- Red herring,
the common herring dried and smoked.<-- Fig. something that merely
distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something irrelevant to
the issue at hand, or something which is not true or does not exist.
--> -- Red horse. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any large American red fresh-water
sucker, especially Moxostoma macrolepidotum and allied species. (b)
See the Note under Drumfish. -- Red lead. (Chem) See under Lead, and
Minium. -- Red-lead ore. (Min.) Same as Crocoite. -- Red liquor
(Dyeing), a solution consisting essentially of aluminium acetate, used
as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable fiber; -- so
called because used originally for red dyestuffs. Called also red
mordant. -- Red maggot (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the wheat midge. --
Red manganese. (Min.) Same as Rhodochrosite. -- Red man, one of the
American Indians; -- so called from his color. -- Red maple (Bot.), a
species of maple (Acer rubrum). See Maple. -- Red mite. (Zo\'94l.) See
Red spider, below. -- Red mulberry (Bot.), an American mulberry of a
dark purple color (Morus rubra). -- Red mullet (Zo\'94l.), the
surmullet. See Mullet. -- Red ocher (Min.), a soft earthy variety of
hematite, of a reddish color. -- Red perch (Zo\'94l.), the rosefish.
-- Red phosphorus. (Chem.) See under Phosphorus. -- Red pine (Bot.),
an American species of pine (Pinus resinosa); -- so named from its
reddish bark. -- Red precipitate. See under Precipitate. -- Red
Republican (European Politics), originally, one who maintained extreme
republican doctrines in France, -- because a red liberty cap was the
badge of the party; an extreme radical in social reform. [Cant] -- Red
ribbon, the ribbon of the Order of the Bath in England. -- Red
sanders. (Bot.) See Sanders. -- Red sandstone. (Geol.) See under
Sandstone. -- Red scale (Zo\'94l.), a scale insect (Aspidiotus
aurantii) very injurious to the orange tree in California and
Australia. -- Red silver (Min.), an ore of silver, of a ruby-red or
reddish black color. It includes proustite, or light red silver, and
pyrargyrite, or dark red silver. -- Red snapper (Zo\'94l.), a large
fish (Lutlanus aya OR Blackfordii) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico and
about the Florida reefs. -- Red snow, snow colored by a mocroscopic
unicellular alga (Protococcus nivalis) which produces large patches of
scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous regions. -- Red
softening (Med.) a form of cerebral softening in which the affected
parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or
inflammation. -- Red spider (Zo\'94l.), a very small web-spinning mite
(Tetranychus telarius) which infests, and often destroys, plants of
various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and
conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and
causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale
red. Called also red mite. -- Red squirrel (Zo\'94l.), the chickaree.
-- Red tape, the tape used in public offices for tying up documents,
etc.; hence, official formality and delay.<--excessive bureaucratic
paperwork --> -- Red underwing (Zo\'94l.), any species of noctuid
moths belonging to Catacola and allied genera. The numerous species
are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly
banded with bright red or orange. -- Red water, a disease in cattle,
so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.
Red
Red admiral (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful butterfly (Vanessa Atalanta)
common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a
broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also Atlanta
butterfly, and nettle butterfly. -- Red ant. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A very
small ant (Myrmica molesta) which often infests houses. (b) A larger
reddish ant (Formica sanquinea), native of Europe and America. It is
one of the slave-making species. -- Red antimony (Min.), kermesite.
See Kermes mineral (b), under Kermes. -- Red ash (Bot.), an American
tree (Fraxinus pubescens), smaller than the white ash, and less
valuable for timber. Cray. -- Red bass. (Zo\'94l.) See Redfish (d). --
Red bay (Bot.), a tree (Persea Caroliniensis) having the heartwood
red, found in swamps in the Southern United States. -- Red beard
(Zo\'94l.), a bright red sponge (Microciona prolifera), common on
oyster shells and stones. [Local, U.S.] -- Red birch (Bot.), a species
of birch (Betula nigra) having reddish brown bark, and compact,
light-colored wood. Gray. -- Red blindness. (Med.) See Daltonism. --
Red book, a book containing the names of all the persons in the
service of the state. [Eng.] -- Red book of the Exchequer, an ancient
record in which are registered the names of all that held lands per
baroniam in the time of Henry II. Brande & C. -- Red brass, an alloy
containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc. -- Red bug.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and
produces great irritation by its bites. (b) A red hemipterous insect
of the genus Pyrrhocoris, especially the European species (P.
apterus), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree
trunks. (c) See Cotton stainder, under Cotton. -- Red cedar. (Bot.) An
evergreen North American tree (Juniperus Virginiana) having a fragrant
red-colored heartwood. (b) A tree of India and Australia (Cedrela
Toona) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also toon tree in
India. 1203 -- Red chalk. See under Chalk. -- Red copper (Min.), red
oxide of copper; cuprite. -- Red coral (Zo\'94l.), the precious coral
(Corallium rubrum). See Illusts. of Coral and Gorgonlacea. -- Red
cross. The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.
(b) The Geneva cross. See Geneva convention, and Geneva cross, under
Geneva. -- Red currant. (Bot.) See Currant. -- Red deer. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The common stag (Cervus elaphus), native of the forests of the
temperate parts of Europe and Asia. It is very similar to the American
elk, or wapiti. (b) The Virginia deer. See Deer. -- Red duck
(Zo\'94l.), a European reddish brown duck (Fuligula nyroca); -- called
also ferruginous duck. -- Red ebony. (Bot.) See Grenadillo. -- Red
empress (Zo\'94l.), a butterfly. See Tortoise shell. -- Red fir
(Bot.), a coniferous tree (Pseudotsuga Douglasii) found from British
Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name
is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and
the American Abies magnifica and A. nobilis. -- Red fire. (Pyrotech.)
See Blue fire, under Fire. -- Red flag. See under Flag. -- Red fox
(Zo\'94l.), the common American fox (Vulpes fulvus), which is usually
reddish in color. -- Red grouse (Zo\'94l.), the Scotch grouse, or
ptarmigan. See under Ptarmigan. -- Red gum, Red gum-tree (Bot.), a
name given to eight Australian species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus
amygdalina, resinifera, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See
Eucalyptus. -- Red hand (Her.), a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect,
borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also Badge of Ulster.
-- Red herring, the common herring dried and smoked.<-- Fig. something
that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something
irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or
does not exist. --> -- Red horse. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any large American
red fresh-water sucker, especially Moxostoma macrolepidotum and allied
species. (b) See the Note under Drumfish. -- Red lead. (Chem) See
under Lead, and Minium. -- Red-lead ore. (Min.) Same as Crocoite. --
Red liquor (Dyeing), a solution consisting essentially of aluminium
acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable
fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs. Called
also red mordant. -- Red maggot (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the wheat
midge. -- Red manganese. (Min.) Same as Rhodochrosite. -- Red man, one
of the American Indians; -- so called from his color. -- Red maple
(Bot.), a species of maple (Acer rubrum). See Maple. -- Red mite.
(Zo\'94l.) See Red spider, below. -- Red mulberry (Bot.), an American
mulberry of a dark purple color (Morus rubra). -- Red mullet
(Zo\'94l.), the surmullet. See Mullet. -- Red ocher (Min.), a soft
earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color. -- Red perch
(Zo\'94l.), the rosefish. -- Red phosphorus. (Chem.) See under
Phosphorus. -- Red pine (Bot.), an American species of pine (Pinus
resinosa); -- so named from its reddish bark. -- Red precipitate. See
under Precipitate. -- Red Republican (European Politics), originally,
one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because
a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in
social reform. [Cant] -- Red ribbon, the ribbon of the Order of the
Bath in England. -- Red sanders. (Bot.) See Sanders. -- Red sandstone.
(Geol.) See under Sandstone. -- Red scale (Zo\'94l.), a scale insect
(Aspidiotus aurantii) very injurious to the orange tree in California
and Australia. -- Red silver (Min.), an ore of silver, of a ruby-red
or reddish black color. It includes proustite, or light red silver,
and pyrargyrite, or dark red silver. -- Red snapper (Zo\'94l.), a
large fish (Lutlanus aya Blackfordii) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico
and about the Florida reefs. -- Red snow, snow colored by a
mocroscopic unicellular alga (Protococcus nivalis) which produces
large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous
regions. -- Red softening (Med.) a form of cerebral softening in which
the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or
inflammation. -- Red spider (Zo\'94l.), a very small web-spinning mite
(Tetranychus telarius) which infests, and often destroys, plants of
various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and
conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and
causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale
red. Called also red mite. -- Red squirrel (Zo\'94l.), the chickaree.
-- Red tape, the tape used in public offices for tying up documents,
etc.; hence, official formality and delay.<--excessive bureaucratic
paperwork --> -- Red underwing (Zo\'94l.), any species of noctuid
moths belonging to Catacola and allied genera. The numerous species
are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly
banded with bright red or orange. -- Red water, a disease in cattle,
so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.> Red (r?d), n.
1. The color of blood, or of that part of the spectrum farthest from
violet, or a tint resembling these. "Celestial rosy red, love's proper
hue." Milton.
2. A red pigment.
3. (European Politics) An abbreviation for Red Republican. See under
Red, a. [Cant]
4. pl. (Med.) The menses. Dunglison. <-- 5. Informal name for a
Communist. -->
English red, a pigment prepared by the Dutch, similar to Indian red.
-- Hypericum red, a red resinous dyestuff extracted from Hypericum. --
Indian red. See under Indian, and Almagra.
Redact
Red admiral (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful butterfly (Vanessa Atalanta)
common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a
broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also Atlanta
butterfly, and nettle butterfly. -- Red ant. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A very
small ant (Myrmica molesta) which often infests houses. (b) A larger
reddish ant (Formica sanquinea), native of Europe and America. It is
one of the slave-making species. -- Red antimony (Min.), kermesite.
See Kermes mineral (b), under Kermes. -- Red ash (Bot.), an American
tree (Fraxinus pubescens), smaller than the white ash, and less
valuable for timber. Cray. -- Red bass. (Zo\'94l.) See Redfish (d). --
Red bay (Bot.), a tree (Persea Caroliniensis) having the heartwood
red, found in swamps in the Southern United States. -- Red beard
(Zo\'94l.), a bright red sponge (Microciona prolifera), common on
oyster shells and stones. [Local, U.S.] -- Red birch (Bot.), a species
of birch (Betula nigra) having reddish brown bark, and compact,
light-colored wood. Gray. -- Red blindness. (Med.) See Daltonism. --
Red book, a book containing the names of all the persons in the
service of the state. [Eng.] -- Red book of the Exchequer, an ancient
record in which are registered the names of all that held lands per
baroniam in the time of Henry II. Brande & C. -- Red brass, an alloy
containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc. -- Red bug.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and
produces great irritation by its bites. (b) A red hemipterous insect
of the genus Pyrrhocoris, especially the European species (P.
apterus), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree
trunks. (c) See Cotton stainder, under Cotton. -- Red cedar. (Bot.) An
evergreen North American tree (Juniperus Virginiana) having a fragrant
red-colored heartwood. (b) A tree of India and Australia (Cedrela
Toona) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also toon tree in
India. 1203 -- Red chalk. See under Chalk. -- Red copper (Min.), red
oxide of copper; cuprite. -- Red coral (Zo\'94l.), the precious coral
(Corallium rubrum). See Illusts. of Coral and Gorgonlacea. -- Red
cross. The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.
(b) The Geneva cross. See Geneva convention, and Geneva cross, under
Geneva. -- Red currant. (Bot.) See Currant. -- Red deer. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The common stag (Cervus elaphus), native of the forests of the
temperate parts of Europe and Asia. It is very similar to the American
elk, or wapiti. (b) The Virginia deer. See Deer. -- Red duck
(Zo\'94l.), a European reddish brown duck (Fuligula nyroca); -- called
also ferruginous duck. -- Red ebony. (Bot.) See Grenadillo. -- Red
empress (Zo\'94l.), a butterfly. See Tortoise shell. -- Red fir
(Bot.), a coniferous tree (Pseudotsuga Douglasii) found from British
Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name
is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and
the American Abies magnifica and A. nobilis. -- Red fire. (Pyrotech.)
See Blue fire, under Fire. -- Red flag. See under Flag. -- Red fox
(Zo\'94l.), the common American fox (Vulpes fulvus), which is usually
reddish in color. -- Red grouse (Zo\'94l.), the Scotch grouse, or
ptarmigan. See under Ptarmigan. -- Red gum, Red gum-tree (Bot.), a
name given to eight Australian species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus
amygdalina, resinifera, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See
Eucalyptus. -- Red hand (Her.), a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect,
borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also Badge of Ulster.
-- Red herring, the common herring dried and smoked.<-- Fig. something
that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something
irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or
does not exist. --> -- Red horse. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any large American
red fresh-water sucker, especially Moxostoma macrolepidotum and allied
species. (b) See the Note under Drumfish. -- Red lead. (Chem) See
under Lead, and Minium. -- Red-lead ore. (Min.) Same as Crocoite. --
Red liquor (Dyeing), a solution consisting essentially of aluminium
acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable
fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs. Called
also red mordant. -- Red maggot (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the wheat
midge. -- Red manganese. (Min.) Same as Rhodochrosite. -- Red man, one
of the American Indians; -- so called from his color. -- Red maple
(Bot.), a species of maple (Acer rubrum). See Maple. -- Red mite.
(Zo\'94l.) See Red spider, below. -- Red mulberry (Bot.), an American
mulberry of a dark purple color (Morus rubra). -- Red mullet
(Zo\'94l.), the surmullet. See Mullet. -- Red ocher (Min.), a soft
earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color. -- Red perch
(Zo\'94l.), the rosefish. -- Red phosphorus. (Chem.) See under
Phosphorus. -- Red pine (Bot.), an American species of pine (Pinus
resinosa); -- so named from its reddish bark. -- Red precipitate. See
under Precipitate. -- Red Republican (European Politics), originally,
one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because
a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in
social reform. [Cant] -- Red ribbon, the ribbon of the Order of the
Bath in England. -- Red sanders. (Bot.) See Sanders. -- Red sandstone.
(Geol.) See under Sandstone. -- Red scale (Zo\'94l.), a scale insect
(Aspidiotus aurantii) very injurious to the orange tree in California
and Australia. -- Red silver (Min.), an ore of silver, of a ruby-red
or reddish black color. It includes proustite, or light red silver,
and pyrargyrite, or dark red silver. -- Red snapper (Zo\'94l.), a
large fish (Lutlanus aya Blackfordii) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico
and about the Florida reefs. -- Red snow, snow colored by a
mocroscopic unicellular alga (Protococcus nivalis) which produces
large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous
regions. -- Red softening (Med.) a form of cerebral softening in which
the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or
inflammation. -- Red spider (Zo\'94l.), a very small web-spinning mite
(Tetranychus telarius) which infests, and often destroys, plants of
various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and
conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and
causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale
red. Called also red mite. -- Red squirrel (Zo\'94l.), the chickaree.
-- Red tape, the tape used in public offices for tying up documents,
etc.; hence, official formality and delay.<--excessive bureaucratic
paperwork --> -- Red underwing (Zo\'94l.), any species of noctuid
moths belonging to Catacola and allied genera. The numerous species
are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly
banded with bright red or orange. -- Red water, a disease in cattle,
so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.> Re*dact"
(r?*d?kt"), v. t. [L. redactus, p. p. of redigere; pref. red-, re-,
again, back + agere to put in motion, to drive.] To reduce to form, as
literary matter; to digest and put in shape (matter for publication);
to edit.
R\'82dacteur
Red admiral (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful butterfly (Vanessa Atalanta)
common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a
broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also Atlanta
butterfly, and nettle butterfly. -- Red ant. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A very
small ant (Myrmica molesta) which often infests houses. (b) A larger
reddish ant (Formica sanquinea), native of Europe and America. It is
one of the slave-making species. -- Red antimony (Min.), kermesite.
See Kermes mineral (b), under Kermes. -- Red ash (Bot.), an American
tree (Fraxinus pubescens), smaller than the white ash, and less
valuable for timber. Cray. -- Red bass. (Zo\'94l.) See Redfish (d). --
Red bay (Bot.), a tree (Persea Caroliniensis) having the heartwood
red, found in swamps in the Southern United States. -- Red beard
(Zo\'94l.), a bright red sponge (Microciona prolifera), common on
oyster shells and stones. [Local, U.S.] -- Red birch (Bot.), a species
of birch (Betula nigra) having reddish brown bark, and compact,
light-colored wood. Gray. -- Red blindness. (Med.) See Daltonism. --
Red book, a book containing the names of all the persons in the
service of the state. [Eng.] -- Red book of the Exchequer, an ancient
record in which are registered the names of all that held lands per
baroniam in the time of Henry II. Brande & C. -- Red brass, an alloy
containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc. -- Red bug.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and
produces great irritation by its bites. (b) A red hemipterous insect
of the genus Pyrrhocoris, especially the European species (P.
apterus), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree
trunks. (c) See Cotton stainder, under Cotton. -- Red cedar. (Bot.) An
evergreen North American tree (Juniperus Virginiana) having a fragrant
red-colored heartwood. (b) A tree of India and Australia (Cedrela
Toona) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also toon tree in
India. 1203 -- Red chalk. See under Chalk. -- Red copper (Min.), red
oxide of copper; cuprite. -- Red coral (Zo\'94l.), the precious coral
(Corallium rubrum). See Illusts. of Coral and Gorgonlacea. -- Red
cross. The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.
(b) The Geneva cross. See Geneva convention, and Geneva cross, under
Geneva. -- Red currant. (Bot.) See Currant. -- Red deer. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The common stag (Cervus elaphus), native of the forests of the
temperate parts of Europe and Asia. It is very similar to the American
elk, or wapiti. (b) The Virginia deer. See Deer. -- Red duck
(Zo\'94l.), a European reddish brown duck (Fuligula nyroca); -- called
also ferruginous duck. -- Red ebony. (Bot.) See Grenadillo. -- Red
empress (Zo\'94l.), a butterfly. See Tortoise shell. -- Red fir
(Bot.), a coniferous tree (Pseudotsuga Douglasii) found from British
Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name
is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and
the American Abies magnifica and A. nobilis. -- Red fire. (Pyrotech.)
See Blue fire, under Fire. -- Red flag. See under Flag. -- Red fox
(Zo\'94l.), the common American fox (Vulpes fulvus), which is usually
reddish in color. -- Red grouse (Zo\'94l.), the Scotch grouse, or
ptarmigan. See under Ptarmigan. -- Red gum, Red gum-tree (Bot.), a
name given to eight Australian species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus
amygdalina, resinifera, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See
Eucalyptus. -- Red hand (Her.), a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect,
borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also Badge of Ulster.
-- Red herring, the common herring dried and smoked.<-- Fig. something
that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something
irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or
does not exist. --> -- Red horse. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any large American
red fresh-water sucker, especially Moxostoma macrolepidotum and allied
species. (b) See the Note under Drumfish. -- Red lead. (Chem) See
under Lead, and Minium. -- Red-lead ore. (Min.) Same as Crocoite. --
Red liquor (Dyeing), a solution consisting essentially of aluminium
acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable
fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs. Called
also red mordant. -- Red maggot (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the wheat
midge. -- Red manganese. (Min.) Same as Rhodochrosite. -- Red man, one
of the American Indians; -- so called from his color. -- Red maple
(Bot.), a species of maple (Acer rubrum). See Maple. -- Red mite.
(Zo\'94l.) See Red spider, below. -- Red mulberry (Bot.), an American
mulberry of a dark purple color (Morus rubra). -- Red mullet
(Zo\'94l.), the surmullet. See Mullet. -- Red ocher (Min.), a soft
earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color. -- Red perch
(Zo\'94l.), the rosefish. -- Red phosphorus. (Chem.) See under
Phosphorus. -- Red pine (Bot.), an American species of pine (Pinus
resinosa); -- so named from its reddish bark. -- Red precipitate. See
under Precipitate. -- Red Republican (European Politics), originally,
one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because
a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in
social reform. [Cant] -- Red ribbon, the ribbon of the Order of the
Bath in England. -- Red sanders. (Bot.) See Sanders. -- Red sandstone.
(Geol.) See under Sandstone. -- Red scale (Zo\'94l.), a scale insect
(Aspidiotus aurantii) very injurious to the orange tree in California
and Australia. -- Red silver (Min.), an ore of silver, of a ruby-red
or reddish black color. It includes proustite, or light red silver,
and pyrargyrite, or dark red silver. -- Red snapper (Zo\'94l.), a
large fish (Lutlanus aya Blackfordii) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico
and about the Florida reefs. -- Red snow, snow colored by a
mocroscopic unicellular alga (Protococcus nivalis) which produces
large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous
regions. -- Red softening (Med.) a form of cerebral softening in which
the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or
inflammation. -- Red spider (Zo\'94l.), a very small web-spinning mite
(Tetranychus telarius) which infests, and often destroys, plants of
various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and
conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and
causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale
red. Called also red mite. -- Red squirrel (Zo\'94l.), the chickaree.
-- Red tape, the tape used in public offices for tying up documents,
etc.; hence, official formality and delay.<--excessive bureaucratic
paperwork --> -- Red underwing (Zo\'94l.), any species of noctuid
moths belonging to Catacola and allied genera. The numerous species
are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly
banded with bright red or orange. -- Red water, a disease in cattle,
so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.> R\'82`dac`teur"
(r&asl;`d&adot;k`t&etil;r"), n. [F.] See Redactor.
Redaction
Red admiral (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful butterfly (Vanessa Atalanta)
common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a
broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also Atlanta
butterfly, and nettle butterfly. -- Red ant. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A very
small ant (Myrmica molesta) which often infests houses. (b) A larger
reddish ant (Formica sanquinea), native of Europe and America. It is
one of the slave-making species. -- Red antimony (Min.), kermesite.
See Kermes mineral (b), under Kermes. -- Red ash (Bot.), an American
tree (Fraxinus pubescens), smaller than the white ash, and less
valuable for timber. Cray. -- Red bass. (Zo\'94l.) See Redfish (d). --
Red bay (Bot.), a tree (Persea Caroliniensis) having the heartwood
red, found in swamps in the Southern United States. -- Red beard
(Zo\'94l.), a bright red sponge (Microciona prolifera), common on
oyster shells and stones. [Local, U.S.] -- Red birch (Bot.), a species
of birch (Betula nigra) having reddish brown bark, and compact,
light-colored wood. Gray. -- Red blindness. (Med.) See Daltonism. --
Red book, a book containing the names of all the persons in the
service of the state. [Eng.] -- Red book of the Exchequer, an ancient
record in which are registered the names of all that held lands per
baroniam in the time of Henry II. Brande & C. -- Red brass, an alloy
containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc. -- Red bug.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and
produces great irritation by its bites. (b) A red hemipterous insect
of the genus Pyrrhocoris, especially the European species (P.
apterus), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree
trunks. (c) See Cotton stainder, under Cotton. -- Red cedar. (Bot.) An
evergreen North American tree (Juniperus Virginiana) having a fragrant
red-colored heartwood. (b) A tree of India and Australia (Cedrela
Toona) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also toon tree in
India. 1203 -- Red chalk. See under Chalk. -- Red copper (Min.), red
oxide of copper; cuprite. -- Red coral (Zo\'94l.), the precious coral
(Corallium rubrum). See Illusts. of Coral and Gorgonlacea. -- Red
cross. The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.
(b) The Geneva cross. See Geneva convention, and Geneva cross, under
Geneva. -- Red currant. (Bot.) See Currant. -- Red deer. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The common stag (Cervus elaphus), native of the forests of the
temperate parts of Europe and Asia. It is very similar to the American
elk, or wapiti. (b) The Virginia deer. See Deer. -- Red duck
(Zo\'94l.), a European reddish brown duck (Fuligula nyroca); -- called
also ferruginous duck. -- Red ebony. (Bot.) See Grenadillo. -- Red
empress (Zo\'94l.), a butterfly. See Tortoise shell. -- Red fir
(Bot.), a coniferous tree (Pseudotsuga Douglasii) found from British
Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name
is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and
the American Abies magnifica and A. nobilis. -- Red fire. (Pyrotech.)
See Blue fire, under Fire. -- Red flag. See under Flag. -- Red fox
(Zo\'94l.), the common American fox (Vulpes fulvus), which is usually
reddish in color. -- Red grouse (Zo\'94l.), the Scotch grouse, or
ptarmigan. See under Ptarmigan. -- Red gum, Red gum-tree (Bot.), a
name given to eight Australian species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus
amygdalina, resinifera, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See
Eucalyptus. -- Red hand (Her.), a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect,
borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also Badge of Ulster.
-- Red herring, the common herring dried and smoked.<-- Fig. something
that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something
irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or
does not exist. --> -- Red horse. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any large American
red fresh-water sucker, especially Moxostoma macrolepidotum and allied
species. (b) See the Note under Drumfish. -- Red lead. (Chem) See
under Lead, and Minium. -- Red-lead ore. (Min.) Same as Crocoite. --
Red liquor (Dyeing), a solution consisting essentially of aluminium
acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable
fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs. Called
also red mordant. -- Red maggot (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the wheat
midge. -- Red manganese. (Min.) Same as Rhodochrosite. -- Red man, one
of the American Indians; -- so called from his color. -- Red maple
(Bot.), a species of maple (Acer rubrum). See Maple. -- Red mite.
(Zo\'94l.) See Red spider, below. -- Red mulberry (Bot.), an American
mulberry of a dark purple color (Morus rubra). -- Red mullet
(Zo\'94l.), the surmullet. See Mullet. -- Red ocher (Min.), a soft
earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color. -- Red perch
(Zo\'94l.), the rosefish. -- Red phosphorus. (Chem.) See under
Phosphorus. -- Red pine (Bot.), an American species of pine (Pinus
resinosa); -- so named from its reddish bark. -- Red precipitate. See
under Precipitate. -- Red Republican (European Politics), originally,
one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because
a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in
social reform. [Cant] -- Red ribbon, the ribbon of the Order of the
Bath in England. -- Red sanders. (Bot.) See Sanders. -- Red sandstone.
(Geol.) See under Sandstone. -- Red scale (Zo\'94l.), a scale insect
(Aspidiotus aurantii) very injurious to the orange tree in California
and Australia. -- Red silver (Min.), an ore of silver, of a ruby-red
or reddish black color. It includes proustite, or light red silver,
and pyrargyrite, or dark red silver. -- Red snapper (Zo\'94l.), a
large fish (Lutlanus aya Blackfordii) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico
and about the Florida reefs. -- Red snow, snow colored by a
mocroscopic unicellular alga (Protococcus nivalis) which produces
large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous
regions. -- Red softening (Med.) a form of cerebral softening in which
the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or
inflammation. -- Red spider (Zo\'94l.), a very small web-spinning mite
(Tetranychus telarius) which infests, and often destroys, plants of
various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and
conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and
causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale
red. Called also red mite. -- Red squirrel (Zo\'94l.), the chickaree.
-- Red tape, the tape used in public offices for tying up documents,
etc.; hence, official formality and delay.<--excessive bureaucratic
paperwork --> -- Red underwing (Zo\'94l.), any species of noctuid
moths belonging to Catacola and allied genera. The numerous species
are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly
banded with bright red or orange. -- Red water, a disease in cattle,
so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.> Re*dac"tion
(r?*d?k"sh?n), n. [F. r\'82daction.] The act of redacting; work
produced by redacting; a digest.
Redactor
Red admiral (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful butterfly (Vanessa Atalanta)
common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a
broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also Atlanta
butterfly, and nettle butterfly. -- Red ant. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A very
small ant (Myrmica molesta) which often infests houses. (b) A larger
reddish ant (Formica sanquinea), native of Europe and America. It is
one of the slave-making species. -- Red antimony (Min.), kermesite.
See Kermes mineral (b), under Kermes. -- Red ash (Bot.), an American
tree (Fraxinus pubescens), smaller than the white ash, and less
valuable for timber. Cray. -- Red bass. (Zo\'94l.) See Redfish (d). --
Red bay (Bot.), a tree (Persea Caroliniensis) having the heartwood
red, found in swamps in the Southern United States. -- Red beard
(Zo\'94l.), a bright red sponge (Microciona prolifera), common on
oyster shells and stones. [Local, U.S.] -- Red birch (Bot.), a species
of birch (Betula nigra) having reddish brown bark, and compact,
light-colored wood. Gray. -- Red blindness. (Med.) See Daltonism. --
Red book, a book containing the names of all the persons in the
service of the state. [Eng.] -- Red book of the Exchequer, an ancient
record in which are registered the names of all that held lands per
baroniam in the time of Henry II. Brande & C. -- Red brass, an alloy
containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc. -- Red bug.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and
produces great irritation by its bites. (b) A red hemipterous insect
of the genus Pyrrhocoris, especially the European species (P.
apterus), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree
trunks. (c) See Cotton stainder, under Cotton. -- Red cedar. (Bot.) An
evergreen North American tree (Juniperus Virginiana) having a fragrant
red-colored heartwood. (b) A tree of India and Australia (Cedrela
Toona) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also toon tree in
India. 1203 -- Red chalk. See under Chalk. -- Red copper (Min.), red
oxide of copper; cuprite. -- Red coral (Zo\'94l.), the precious coral
(Corallium rubrum). See Illusts. of Coral and Gorgonlacea. -- Red
cross. The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.
(b) The Geneva cross. See Geneva convention, and Geneva cross, under
Geneva. -- Red currant. (Bot.) See Currant. -- Red deer. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The common stag (Cervus elaphus), native of the forests of the
temperate parts of Europe and Asia. It is very similar to the American
elk, or wapiti. (b) The Virginia deer. See Deer. -- Red duck
(Zo\'94l.), a European reddish brown duck (Fuligula nyroca); -- called
also ferruginous duck. -- Red ebony. (Bot.) See Grenadillo. -- Red
empress (Zo\'94l.), a butterfly. See Tortoise shell. -- Red fir
(Bot.), a coniferous tree (Pseudotsuga Douglasii) found from British
Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name
is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and
the American Abies magnifica and A. nobilis. -- Red fire. (Pyrotech.)
See Blue fire, under Fire. -- Red flag. See under Flag. -- Red fox
(Zo\'94l.), the common American fox (Vulpes fulvus), which is usually
reddish in color. -- Red grouse (Zo\'94l.), the Scotch grouse, or
ptarmigan. See under Ptarmigan. -- Red gum, Red gum-tree (Bot.), a
name given to eight Australian species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus
amygdalina, resinifera, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See
Eucalyptus. -- Red hand (Her.), a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect,
borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also Badge of Ulster.
-- Red herring, the common herring dried and smoked.<-- Fig. something
that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something
irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or
does not exist. --> -- Red horse. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any large American
red fresh-water sucker, especially Moxostoma macrolepidotum and allied
species. (b) See the Note under Drumfish. -- Red lead. (Chem) See
under Lead, and Minium. -- Red-lead ore. (Min.) Same as Crocoite. --
Red liquor (Dyeing), a solution consisting essentially of aluminium
acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable
fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs. Called
also red mordant. -- Red maggot (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the wheat
midge. -- Red manganese. (Min.) Same as Rhodochrosite. -- Red man, one
of the American Indians; -- so called from his color. -- Red maple
(Bot.), a species of maple (Acer rubrum). See Maple. -- Red mite.
(Zo\'94l.) See Red spider, below. -- Red mulberry (Bot.), an American
mulberry of a dark purple color (Morus rubra). -- Red mullet
(Zo\'94l.), the surmullet. See Mullet. -- Red ocher (Min.), a soft
earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color. -- Red perch
(Zo\'94l.), the rosefish. -- Red phosphorus. (Chem.) See under
Phosphorus. -- Red pine (Bot.), an American species of pine (Pinus
resinosa); -- so named from its reddish bark. -- Red precipitate. See
under Precipitate. -- Red Republican (European Politics), originally,
one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because
a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in
social reform. [Cant] -- Red ribbon, the ribbon of the Order of the
Bath in England. -- Red sanders. (Bot.) See Sanders. -- Red sandstone.
(Geol.) See under Sandstone. -- Red scale (Zo\'94l.), a scale insect
(Aspidiotus aurantii) very injurious to the orange tree in California
and Australia. -- Red silver (Min.), an ore of silver, of a ruby-red
or reddish black color. It includes proustite, or light red silver,
and pyrargyrite, or dark red silver. -- Red snapper (Zo\'94l.), a
large fish (Lutlanus aya Blackfordii) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico
and about the Florida reefs. -- Red snow, snow colored by a
mocroscopic unicellular alga (Protococcus nivalis) which produces
large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous
regions. -- Red softening (Med.) a form of cerebral softening in which
the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or
inflammation. -- Red spider (Zo\'94l.), a very small web-spinning mite
(Tetranychus telarius) which infests, and often destroys, plants of
various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and
conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and
causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale
red. Called also red mite. -- Red squirrel (Zo\'94l.), the chickaree.
-- Red tape, the tape used in public offices for tying up documents,
etc.; hence, official formality and delay.<--excessive bureaucratic
paperwork --> -- Red underwing (Zo\'94l.), any species of noctuid
moths belonging to Catacola and allied genera. The numerous species
are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly
banded with bright red or orange. -- Red water, a disease in cattle,
so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.> Re*dac"tor
(-t?r), n. One who redacts; one who prepares matter for publication;
an editor. Carlyle.
Redan
Red admiral (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful butterfly (Vanessa Atalanta)
common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a
broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also Atlanta
butterfly, and nettle butterfly. -- Red ant. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A very
small ant (Myrmica molesta) which often infests houses. (b) A larger
reddish ant (Formica sanquinea), native of Europe and America. It is
one of the slave-making species. -- Red antimony (Min.), kermesite.
See Kermes mineral (b), under Kermes. -- Red ash (Bot.), an American
tree (Fraxinus pubescens), smaller than the white ash, and less
valuable for timber. Cray. -- Red bass. (Zo\'94l.) See Redfish (d). --
Red bay (Bot.), a tree (Persea Caroliniensis) having the heartwood
red, found in swamps in the Southern United States. -- Red beard
(Zo\'94l.), a bright red sponge (Microciona prolifera), common on
oyster shells and stones. [Local, U.S.] -- Red birch (Bot.), a species
of birch (Betula nigra) having reddish brown bark, and compact,
light-colored wood. Gray. -- Red blindness. (Med.) See Daltonism. --
Red book, a book containing the names of all the persons in the
service of the state. [Eng.] -- Red book of the Exchequer, an ancient
record in which are registered the names of all that held lands per
baroniam in the time of Henry II. Brande & C. -- Red brass, an alloy
containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc. -- Red bug.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and
produces great irritation by its bites. (b) A red hemipterous insect
of the genus Pyrrhocoris, especially the European species (P.
apterus), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree
trunks. (c) See Cotton stainder, under Cotton. -- Red cedar. (Bot.) An
evergreen North American tree (Juniperus Virginiana) having a fragrant
red-colored heartwood. (b) A tree of India and Australia (Cedrela
Toona) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also toon tree in
India. 1203 -- Red chalk. See under Chalk. -- Red copper (Min.), red
oxide of copper; cuprite. -- Red coral (Zo\'94l.), the precious coral
(Corallium rubrum). See Illusts. of Coral and Gorgonlacea. -- Red
cross. The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.
(b) The Geneva cross. See Geneva convention, and Geneva cross, under
Geneva. -- Red currant. (Bot.) See Currant. -- Red deer. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The common stag (Cervus elaphus), native of the forests of the
temperate parts of Europe and Asia. It is very similar to the American
elk, or wapiti. (b) The Virginia deer. See Deer. -- Red duck
(Zo\'94l.), a European reddish brown duck (Fuligula nyroca); -- called
also ferruginous duck. -- Red ebony. (Bot.) See Grenadillo. -- Red
empress (Zo\'94l.), a butterfly. See Tortoise shell. -- Red fir
(Bot.), a coniferous tree (Pseudotsuga Douglasii) found from British
Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name
is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and
the American Abies magnifica and A. nobilis. -- Red fire. (Pyrotech.)
See Blue fire, under Fire. -- Red flag. See under Flag. -- Red fox
(Zo\'94l.), the common American fox (Vulpes fulvus), which is usually
reddish in color. -- Red grouse (Zo\'94l.), the Scotch grouse, or
ptarmigan. See under Ptarmigan. -- Red gum, Red gum-tree (Bot.), a
name given to eight Australian species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus
amygdalina, resinifera, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See
Eucalyptus. -- Red hand (Her.), a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect,
borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also Badge of Ulster.
-- Red herring, the common herring dried and smoked.<-- Fig. something
that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something
irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or
does not exist. --> -- Red horse. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any large American
red fresh-water sucker, especially Moxostoma macrolepidotum and allied
species. (b) See the Note under Drumfish. -- Red lead. (Chem) See
under Lead, and Minium. -- Red-lead ore. (Min.) Same as Crocoite. --
Red liquor (Dyeing), a solution consisting essentially of aluminium
acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable
fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs. Called
also red mordant. -- Red maggot (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the wheat
midge. -- Red manganese. (Min.) Same as Rhodochrosite. -- Red man, one
of the American Indians; -- so called from his color. -- Red maple
(Bot.), a species of maple (Acer rubrum). See Maple. -- Red mite.
(Zo\'94l.) See Red spider, below. -- Red mulberry (Bot.), an American
mulberry of a dark purple color (Morus rubra). -- Red mullet
(Zo\'94l.), the surmullet. See Mullet. -- Red ocher (Min.), a soft
earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color. -- Red perch
(Zo\'94l.), the rosefish. -- Red phosphorus. (Chem.) See under
Phosphorus. -- Red pine (Bot.), an American species of pine (Pinus
resinosa); -- so named from its reddish bark. -- Red precipitate. See
under Precipitate. -- Red Republican (European Politics), originally,
one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because
a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in
social reform. [Cant] -- Red ribbon, the ribbon of the Order of the
Bath in England. -- Red sanders. (Bot.) See Sanders. -- Red sandstone.
(Geol.) See under Sandstone. -- Red scale (Zo\'94l.), a scale insect
(Aspidiotus aurantii) very injurious to the orange tree in California
and Australia. -- Red silver (Min.), an ore of silver, of a ruby-red
or reddish black color. It includes proustite, or light red silver,
and pyrargyrite, or dark red silver. -- Red snapper (Zo\'94l.), a
large fish (Lutlanus aya Blackfordii) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico
and about the Florida reefs. -- Red snow, snow colored by a
mocroscopic unicellular alga (Protococcus nivalis) which produces
large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous
regions. -- Red softening (Med.) a form of cerebral softening in which
the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or
inflammation. -- Red spider (Zo\'94l.), a very small web-spinning mite
(Tetranychus telarius) which infests, and often destroys, plants of
various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and
conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and
causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale
red. Called also red mite. -- Red squirrel (Zo\'94l.), the chickaree.
-- Red tape, the tape used in public offices for tying up documents,
etc.; hence, official formality and delay.<--excessive bureaucratic
paperwork --> -- Red underwing (Zo\'94l.), any species of noctuid
moths belonging to Catacola and allied genera. The numerous species
are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly
banded with bright red or orange. -- Red water, a disease in cattle,
so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.> Re*dan"
(r?*d?n"), n. [F., for OF. redent a double notching or jagging, as in
the teeth of a saw, fr. L. pref. re- re- + dens, dentis, a tooth. Cf.
Redented.] [Written sometimes redent and redens.]
1. (Fort.) A work having two parapets whose faces unite so as to form
a salient angle toward the enemy.
2. A step or vertical offset in a wall on uneven ground, to keep the
parts level.
Redargue
Red admiral (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful butterfly (Vanessa Atalanta)
common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a
broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also Atlanta
butterfly, and nettle butterfly. -- Red ant. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A very
small ant (Myrmica molesta) which often infests houses. (b) A larger
reddish ant (Formica sanquinea), native of Europe and America. It is
one of the slave-making species. -- Red antimony (Min.), kermesite.
See Kermes mineral (b), under Kermes. -- Red ash (Bot.), an American
tree (Fraxinus pubescens), smaller than the white ash, and less
valuable for timber. Cray. -- Red bass. (Zo\'94l.) See Redfish (d). --
Red bay (Bot.), a tree (Persea Caroliniensis) having the heartwood
red, found in swamps in the Southern United States. -- Red beard
(Zo\'94l.), a bright red sponge (Microciona prolifera), common on
oyster shells and stones. [Local, U.S.] -- Red birch (Bot.), a species
of birch (Betula nigra) having reddish brown bark, and compact,
light-colored wood. Gray. -- Red blindness. (Med.) See Daltonism. --
Red book, a book containing the names of all the persons in the
service of the state. [Eng.] -- Red book of the Exchequer, an ancient
record in which are registered the names of all that held lands per
baroniam in the time of Henry II. Brande & C. -- Red brass, an alloy
containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc. -- Red bug.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and
produces great irritation by its bites. (b) A red hemipterous insect
of the genus Pyrrhocoris, especially the European species (P.
apterus), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree
trunks. (c) See Cotton stainder, under Cotton. -- Red cedar. (Bot.) An
evergreen North American tree (Juniperus Virginiana) having a fragrant
red-colored heartwood. (b) A tree of India and Australia (Cedrela
Toona) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also toon tree in
India. 1203 -- Red chalk. See under Chalk. -- Red copper (Min.), red
oxide of copper; cuprite. -- Red coral (Zo\'94l.), the precious coral
(Corallium rubrum). See Illusts. of Coral and Gorgonlacea. -- Red
cross. The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.
(b) The Geneva cross. See Geneva convention, and Geneva cross, under
Geneva. -- Red currant. (Bot.) See Currant. -- Red deer. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The common stag (Cervus elaphus), native of the forests of the
temperate parts of Europe and Asia. It is very similar to the American
elk, or wapiti. (b) The Virginia deer. See Deer. -- Red duck
(Zo\'94l.), a European reddish brown duck (Fuligula nyroca); -- called
also ferruginous duck. -- Red ebony. (Bot.) See Grenadillo. -- Red
empress (Zo\'94l.), a butterfly. See Tortoise shell. -- Red fir
(Bot.), a coniferous tree (Pseudotsuga Douglasii) found from British
Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name
is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and
the American Abies magnifica and A. nobilis. -- Red fire. (Pyrotech.)
See Blue fire, under Fire. -- Red flag. See under Flag. -- Red fox
(Zo\'94l.), the common American fox (Vulpes fulvus), which is usually
reddish in color. -- Red grouse (Zo\'94l.), the Scotch grouse, or
ptarmigan. See under Ptarmigan. -- Red gum, Red gum-tree (Bot.), a
name given to eight Australian species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus
amygdalina, resinifera, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See
Eucalyptus. -- Red hand (Her.), a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect,
borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also Badge of Ulster.
-- Red herring, the common herring dried and smoked.<-- Fig. something
that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something
irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or
does not exist. --> -- Red horse. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any large American
red fresh-water sucker, especially Moxostoma macrolepidotum and allied
species. (b) See the Note under Drumfish. -- Red lead. (Chem) See
under Lead, and Minium. -- Red-lead ore. (Min.) Same as Crocoite. --
Red liquor (Dyeing), a solution consisting essentially of aluminium
acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable
fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs. Called
also red mordant. -- Red maggot (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the wheat
midge. -- Red manganese. (Min.) Same as Rhodochrosite. -- Red man, one
of the American Indians; -- so called from his color. -- Red maple
(Bot.), a species of maple (Acer rubrum). See Maple. -- Red mite.
(Zo\'94l.) See Red spider, below. -- Red mulberry (Bot.), an American
mulberry of a dark purple color (Morus rubra). -- Red mullet
(Zo\'94l.), the surmullet. See Mullet. -- Red ocher (Min.), a soft
earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color. -- Red perch
(Zo\'94l.), the rosefish. -- Red phosphorus. (Chem.) See under
Phosphorus. -- Red pine (Bot.), an American species of pine (Pinus
resinosa); -- so named from its reddish bark. -- Red precipitate. See
under Precipitate. -- Red Republican (European Politics), originally,
one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because
a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in
social reform. [Cant] -- Red ribbon, the ribbon of the Order of the
Bath in England. -- Red sanders. (Bot.) See Sanders. -- Red sandstone.
(Geol.) See under Sandstone. -- Red scale (Zo\'94l.), a scale insect
(Aspidiotus aurantii) very injurious to the orange tree in California
and Australia. -- Red silver (Min.), an ore of silver, of a ruby-red
or reddish black color. It includes proustite, or light red silver,
and pyrargyrite, or dark red silver. -- Red snapper (Zo\'94l.), a
large fish (Lutlanus aya Blackfordii) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico
and about the Florida reefs. -- Red snow, snow colored by a
mocroscopic unicellular alga (Protococcus nivalis) which produces
large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous
regions. -- Red softening (Med.) a form of cerebral softening in which
the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or
inflammation. -- Red spider (Zo\'94l.), a very small web-spinning mite
(Tetranychus telarius) which infests, and often destroys, plants of
various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and
conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and
causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale
red. Called also red mite. -- Red squirrel (Zo\'94l.), the chickaree.
-- Red tape, the tape used in public offices for tying up documents,
etc.; hence, official formality and delay.<--excessive bureaucratic
paperwork --> -- Red underwing (Zo\'94l.), any species of noctuid
moths belonging to Catacola and allied genera. The numerous species
are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly
banded with bright red or orange. -- Red water, a disease in cattle,
so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.> Red*ar"gue
(r?d*?r"g?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Redargued (-g?d); p. pr. & vb. n.
Redarguing.] [L. redarguere; pref. red-, re- re- + arguere to accuse,
charge with: cf. F. r\'82darguer.] To disprove; to refute; toconfute;
to reprove; to convict. [Archaic]
How shall I . . . suffer that God should redargue me at doomsday,
and the angels reproach my lukewarmness? Jer. Taylor.
Now this objection to the immediate cognition of external objects
has, as far as I know, been redargued in three different ways. Sir
W. Hamilton.
Redargution
Red admiral (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful butterfly (Vanessa Atalanta)
common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a
broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also Atlanta
butterfly, and nettle butterfly. -- Red ant. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A very
small ant (Myrmica molesta) which often infests houses. (b) A larger
reddish ant (Formica sanquinea), native of Europe and America. It is
one of the slave-making species. -- Red antimony (Min.), kermesite.
See Kermes mineral (b), under Kermes. -- Red ash (Bot.), an American
tree (Fraxinus pubescens), smaller than the white ash, and less
valuable for timber. Cray. -- Red bass. (Zo\'94l.) See Redfish (d). --
Red bay (Bot.), a tree (Persea Caroliniensis) having the heartwood
red, found in swamps in the Southern United States. -- Red beard
(Zo\'94l.), a bright red sponge (Microciona prolifera), common on
oyster shells and stones. [Local, U.S.] -- Red birch (Bot.), a species
of birch (Betula nigra) having reddish brown bark, and compact,
light-colored wood. Gray. -- Red blindness. (Med.) See Daltonism. --
Red book, a book containing the names of all the persons in the
service of the state. [Eng.] -- Red book of the Exchequer, an ancient
record in which are registered the names of all that held lands per
baroniam in the time of Henry II. Brande & C. -- Red brass, an alloy
containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc. -- Red bug.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and
produces great irritation by its bites. (b) A red hemipterous insect
of the genus Pyrrhocoris, especially the European species (P.
apterus), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree
trunks. (c) See Cotton stainder, under Cotton. -- Red cedar. (Bot.) An
evergreen North American tree (Juniperus Virginiana) having a fragrant
red-colored heartwood. (b) A tree of India and Australia (Cedrela
Toona) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also toon tree in
India. 1203 -- Red chalk. See under Chalk. -- Red copper (Min.), red
oxide of copper; cuprite. -- Red coral (Zo\'94l.), the precious coral
(Corallium rubrum). See Illusts. of Coral and Gorgonlacea. -- Red
cross. The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.
(b) The Geneva cross. See Geneva convention, and Geneva cross, under
Geneva. -- Red currant. (Bot.) See Currant. -- Red deer. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The common stag (Cervus elaphus), native of the forests of the
temperate parts of Europe and Asia. It is very similar to the American
elk, or wapiti. (b) The Virginia deer. See Deer. -- Red duck
(Zo\'94l.), a European reddish brown duck (Fuligula nyroca); -- called
also ferruginous duck. -- Red ebony. (Bot.) See Grenadillo. -- Red
empress (Zo\'94l.), a butterfly. See Tortoise shell. -- Red fir
(Bot.), a coniferous tree (Pseudotsuga Douglasii) found from British
Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name
is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and
the American Abies magnifica and A. nobilis. -- Red fire. (Pyrotech.)
See Blue fire, under Fire. -- Red flag. See under Flag. -- Red fox
(Zo\'94l.), the common American fox (Vulpes fulvus), which is usually
reddish in color. -- Red grouse (Zo\'94l.), the Scotch grouse, or
ptarmigan. See under Ptarmigan. -- Red gum, Red gum-tree (Bot.), a
name given to eight Australian species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus
amygdalina, resinifera, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See
Eucalyptus. -- Red hand (Her.), a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect,
borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also Badge of Ulster.
-- Red herring, the common herring dried and smoked.<-- Fig. something
that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something
irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or
does not exist. --> -- Red horse. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any large American
red fresh-water sucker, especially Moxostoma macrolepidotum and allied
species. (b) See the Note under Drumfish. -- Red lead. (Chem) See
under Lead, and Minium. -- Red-lead ore. (Min.) Same as Crocoite. --
Red liquor (Dyeing), a solution consisting essentially of aluminium
acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable
fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs. Called
also red mordant. -- Red maggot (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the wheat
midge. -- Red manganese. (Min.) Same as Rhodochrosite. -- Red man, one
of the American Indians; -- so called from his color. -- Red maple
(Bot.), a species of maple (Acer rubrum). See Maple. -- Red mite.
(Zo\'94l.) See Red spider, below. -- Red mulberry (Bot.), an American
mulberry of a dark purple color (Morus rubra). -- Red mullet
(Zo\'94l.), the surmullet. See Mullet. -- Red ocher (Min.), a soft
earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color. -- Red perch
(Zo\'94l.), the rosefish. -- Red phosphorus. (Chem.) See under
Phosphorus. -- Red pine (Bot.), an American species of pine (Pinus
resinosa); -- so named from its reddish bark. -- Red precipitate. See
under Precipitate. -- Red Republican (European Politics), originally,
one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because
a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in
social reform. [Cant] -- Red ribbon, the ribbon of the Order of the
Bath in England. -- Red sanders. (Bot.) See Sanders. -- Red sandstone.
(Geol.) See under Sandstone. -- Red scale (Zo\'94l.), a scale insect
(Aspidiotus aurantii) very injurious to the orange tree in California
and Australia. -- Red silver (Min.), an ore of silver, of a ruby-red
or reddish black color. It includes proustite, or light red silver,
and pyrargyrite, or dark red silver. -- Red snapper (Zo\'94l.), a
large fish (Lutlanus aya Blackfordii) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico
and about the Florida reefs. -- Red snow, snow colored by a
mocroscopic unicellular alga (Protococcus nivalis) which produces
large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous
regions. -- Red softening (Med.) a form of cerebral softening in which
the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or
inflammation. -- Red spider (Zo\'94l.), a very small web-spinning mite
(Tetranychus telarius) which infests, and often destroys, plants of
various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and
conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and
causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale
red. Called also red mite. -- Red squirrel (Zo\'94l.), the chickaree.
-- Red tape, the tape used in public offices for tying up documents,
etc.; hence, official formality and delay.<--excessive bureaucratic
paperwork --> -- Red underwing (Zo\'94l.), any species of noctuid
moths belonging to Catacola and allied genera. The numerous species
are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly
banded with bright red or orange. -- Red water, a disease in cattle,
so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.> Red`ar*gu"tion
(r?d`?r*g?"sh?n), n. [L. redargutio.] The act of redarguing;
refutation. [Obs. or R.] Bacon.
Redargutory
Red admiral (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful butterfly (Vanessa Atalanta)
common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a
broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also Atlanta
butterfly, and nettle butterfly. -- Red ant. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A very
small ant (Myrmica molesta) which often infests houses. (b) A larger
reddish ant (Formica sanquinea), native of Europe and America. It is
one of the slave-making species. -- Red antimony (Min.), kermesite.
See Kermes mineral (b), under Kermes. -- Red ash (Bot.), an American
tree (Fraxinus pubescens), smaller than the white ash, and less
valuable for timber. Cray. -- Red bass. (Zo\'94l.) See Redfish (d). --
Red bay (Bot.), a tree (Persea Caroliniensis) having the heartwood
red, found in swamps in the Southern United States. -- Red beard
(Zo\'94l.), a bright red sponge (Microciona prolifera), common on
oyster shells and stones. [Local, U.S.] -- Red birch (Bot.), a species
of birch (Betula nigra) having reddish brown bark, and compact,
light-colored wood. Gray. -- Red blindness. (Med.) See Daltonism. --
Red book, a book containing the names of all the persons in the
service of the state. [Eng.] -- Red book of the Exchequer, an ancient
record in which are registered the names of all that held lands per
baroniam in the time of Henry II. Brande & C. -- Red brass, an alloy
containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc. -- Red bug.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and
produces great irritation by its bites. (b) A red hemipterous insect
of the genus Pyrrhocoris, especially the European species (P.
apterus), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree
trunks. (c) See Cotton stainder, under Cotton. -- Red cedar. (Bot.) An
evergreen North American tree (Juniperus Virginiana) having a fragrant
red-colored heartwood. (b) A tree of India and Australia (Cedrela
Toona) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also toon tree in
India. 1203 -- Red chalk. See under Chalk. -- Red copper (Min.), red
oxide of copper; cuprite. -- Red coral (Zo\'94l.), the precious coral
(Corallium rubrum). See Illusts. of Coral and Gorgonlacea. -- Red
cross. The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.
(b) The Geneva cross. See Geneva convention, and Geneva cross, under
Geneva. -- Red currant. (Bot.) See Currant. -- Red deer. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The common stag (Cervus elaphus), native of the forests of the
temperate parts of Europe and Asia. It is very similar to the American
elk, or wapiti. (b) The Virginia deer. See Deer. -- Red duck
(Zo\'94l.), a European reddish brown duck (Fuligula nyroca); -- called
also ferruginous duck. -- Red ebony. (Bot.) See Grenadillo. -- Red
empress (Zo\'94l.), a butterfly. See Tortoise shell. -- Red fir
(Bot.), a coniferous tree (Pseudotsuga Douglasii) found from British
Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name
is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and
the American Abies magnifica and A. nobilis. -- Red fire. (Pyrotech.)
See Blue fire, under Fire. -- Red flag. See under Flag. -- Red fox
(Zo\'94l.), the common American fox (Vulpes fulvus), which is usually
reddish in color. -- Red grouse (Zo\'94l.), the Scotch grouse, or
ptarmigan. See under Ptarmigan. -- Red gum, Red gum-tree (Bot.), a
name given to eight Australian species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus
amygdalina, resinifera, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See
Eucalyptus. -- Red hand (Her.), a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect,
borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also Badge of Ulster.
-- Red herring, the common herring dried and smoked.<-- Fig. something
that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something
irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or
does not exist. --> -- Red horse. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any large American
red fresh-water sucker, especially Moxostoma macrolepidotum and allied
species. (b) See the Note under Drumfish. -- Red lead. (Chem) See
under Lead, and Minium. -- Red-lead ore. (Min.) Same as Crocoite. --
Red liquor (Dyeing), a solution consisting essentially of aluminium
acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable
fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs. Called
also red mordant. -- Red maggot (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the wheat
midge. -- Red manganese. (Min.) Same as Rhodochrosite. -- Red man, one
of the American Indians; -- so called from his color. -- Red maple
(Bot.), a species of maple (Acer rubrum). See Maple. -- Red mite.
(Zo\'94l.) See Red spider, below. -- Red mulberry (Bot.), an American
mulberry of a dark purple color (Morus rubra). -- Red mullet
(Zo\'94l.), the surmullet. See Mullet. -- Red ocher (Min.), a soft
earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color. -- Red perch
(Zo\'94l.), the rosefish. -- Red phosphorus. (Chem.) See under
Phosphorus. -- Red pine (Bot.), an American species of pine (Pinus
resinosa); -- so named from its reddish bark. -- Red precipitate. See
under Precipitate. -- Red Republican (European Politics), originally,
one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because
a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in
social reform. [Cant] -- Red ribbon, the ribbon of the Order of the
Bath in England. -- Red sanders. (Bot.) See Sanders. -- Red sandstone.
(Geol.) See under Sandstone. -- Red scale (Zo\'94l.), a scale insect
(Aspidiotus aurantii) very injurious to the orange tree in California
and Australia. -- Red silver (Min.), an ore of silver, of a ruby-red
or reddish black color. It includes proustite, or light red silver,
and pyrargyrite, or dark red silver. -- Red snapper (Zo\'94l.), a
large fish (Lutlanus aya Blackfordii) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico
and about the Florida reefs. -- Red snow, snow colored by a
mocroscopic unicellular alga (Protococcus nivalis) which produces
large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous
regions. -- Red softening (Med.) a form of cerebral softening in which
the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or
inflammation. -- Red spider (Zo\'94l.), a very small web-spinning mite
(Tetranychus telarius) which infests, and often destroys, plants of
various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and
conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and
causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale
red. Called also red mite. -- Red squirrel (Zo\'94l.), the chickaree.
-- Red tape, the tape used in public offices for tying up documents,
etc.; hence, official formality and delay.<--excessive bureaucratic
paperwork --> -- Red underwing (Zo\'94l.), any species of noctuid
moths belonging to Catacola and allied genera. The numerous species
are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly
banded with bright red or orange. -- Red water, a disease in cattle,
so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.> Red`ar*gu"to*ry
(-t?*r?), a. Pertaining to, or containing, redargution; refutatory.
[R.]
Redback
Red admiral (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful butterfly (Vanessa Atalanta)
common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a
broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also Atlanta
butterfly, and nettle butterfly. -- Red ant. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A very
small ant (Myrmica molesta) which often infests houses. (b) A larger
reddish ant (Formica sanquinea), native of Europe and America. It is
one of the slave-making species. -- Red antimony (Min.), kermesite.
See Kermes mineral (b), under Kermes. -- Red ash (Bot.), an American
tree (Fraxinus pubescens), smaller than the white ash, and less
valuable for timber. Cray. -- Red bass. (Zo\'94l.) See Redfish (d). --
Red bay (Bot.), a tree (Persea Caroliniensis) having the heartwood
red, found in swamps in the Southern United States. -- Red beard
(Zo\'94l.), a bright red sponge (Microciona prolifera), common on
oyster shells and stones. [Local, U.S.] -- Red birch (Bot.), a species
of birch (Betula nigra) having reddish brown bark, and compact,
light-colored wood. Gray. -- Red blindness. (Med.) See Daltonism. --
Red book, a book containing the names of all the persons in the
service of the state. [Eng.] -- Red book of the Exchequer, an ancient
record in which are registered the names of all that held lands per
baroniam in the time of Henry II. Brande & C. -- Red brass, an alloy
containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc. -- Red bug.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and
produces great irritation by its bites. (b) A red hemipterous insect
of the genus Pyrrhocoris, especially the European species (P.
apterus), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree
trunks. (c) See Cotton stainder, under Cotton. -- Red cedar. (Bot.) An
evergreen North American tree (Juniperus Virginiana) having a fragrant
red-colored heartwood. (b) A tree of India and Australia (Cedrela
Toona) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also toon tree in
India. 1203 -- Red chalk. See under Chalk. -- Red copper (Min.), red
oxide of copper; cuprite. -- Red coral (Zo\'94l.), the precious coral
(Corallium rubrum). See Illusts. of Coral and Gorgonlacea. -- Red
cross. The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.
(b) The Geneva cross. See Geneva convention, and Geneva cross, under
Geneva. -- Red currant. (Bot.) See Currant. -- Red deer. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The common stag (Cervus elaphus), native of the forests of the
temperate parts of Europe and Asia. It is very similar to the American
elk, or wapiti. (b) The Virginia deer. See Deer. -- Red duck
(Zo\'94l.), a European reddish brown duck (Fuligula nyroca); -- called
also ferruginous duck. -- Red ebony. (Bot.) See Grenadillo. -- Red
empress (Zo\'94l.), a butterfly. See Tortoise shell. -- Red fir
(Bot.), a coniferous tree (Pseudotsuga Douglasii) found from British
Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name
is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and
the American Abies magnifica and A. nobilis. -- Red fire. (Pyrotech.)
See Blue fire, under Fire. -- Red flag. See under Flag. -- Red fox
(Zo\'94l.), the common American fox (Vulpes fulvus), which is usually
reddish in color. -- Red grouse (Zo\'94l.), the Scotch grouse, or
ptarmigan. See under Ptarmigan. -- Red gum, Red gum-tree (Bot.), a
name given to eight Australian species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus
amygdalina, resinifera, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See
Eucalyptus. -- Red hand (Her.), a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect,
borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also Badge of Ulster.
-- Red herring, the common herring dried and smoked.<-- Fig. something
that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something
irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or
does not exist. --> -- Red horse. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any large American
red fresh-water sucker, especially Moxostoma macrolepidotum and allied
species. (b) See the Note under Drumfish. -- Red lead. (Chem) See
under Lead, and Minium. -- Red-lead ore. (Min.) Same as Crocoite. --
Red liquor (Dyeing), a solution consisting essentially of aluminium
acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable
fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs. Called
also red mordant. -- Red maggot (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the wheat
midge. -- Red manganese. (Min.) Same as Rhodochrosite. -- Red man, one
of the American Indians; -- so called from his color. -- Red maple
(Bot.), a species of maple (Acer rubrum). See Maple. -- Red mite.
(Zo\'94l.) See Red spider, below. -- Red mulberry (Bot.), an American
mulberry of a dark purple color (Morus rubra). -- Red mullet
(Zo\'94l.), the surmullet. See Mullet. -- Red ocher (Min.), a soft
earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color. -- Red perch
(Zo\'94l.), the rosefish. -- Red phosphorus. (Chem.) See under
Phosphorus. -- Red pine (Bot.), an American species of pine (Pinus
resinosa); -- so named from its reddish bark. -- Red precipitate. See
under Precipitate. -- Red Republican (European Politics), originally,
one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because
a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in
social reform. [Cant] -- Red ribbon, the ribbon of the Order of the
Bath in England. -- Red sanders. (Bot.) See Sanders. -- Red sandstone.
(Geol.) See under Sandstone. -- Red scale (Zo\'94l.), a scale insect
(Aspidiotus aurantii) very injurious to the orange tree in California
and Australia. -- Red silver (Min.), an ore of silver, of a ruby-red
or reddish black color. It includes proustite, or light red silver,
and pyrargyrite, or dark red silver. -- Red snapper (Zo\'94l.), a
large fish (Lutlanus aya Blackfordii) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico
and about the Florida reefs. -- Red snow, snow colored by a
mocroscopic unicellular alga (Protococcus nivalis) which produces
large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous
regions. -- Red softening (Med.) a form of cerebral softening in which
the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or
inflammation. -- Red spider (Zo\'94l.), a very small web-spinning mite
(Tetranychus telarius) which infests, and often destroys, plants of
various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and
conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and
causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale
red. Called also red mite. -- Red squirrel (Zo\'94l.), the chickaree.
-- Red tape, the tape used in public offices for tying up documents,
etc.; hence, official formality and delay.<--excessive bureaucratic
paperwork --> -- Red underwing (Zo\'94l.), any species of noctuid
moths belonging to Catacola and allied genera. The numerous species
are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly
banded with bright red or orange. -- Red water, a disease in cattle,
so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.> Red"back`
(r?d"b?k`), n. (Zo\'94l.) The dunlin. [U. S.]
Redbelly
Red admiral (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful butterfly (Vanessa Atalanta)
common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a
broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also Atlanta
butterfly, and nettle butterfly. -- Red ant. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A very
small ant (Myrmica molesta) which often infests houses. (b) A larger
reddish ant (Formica sanquinea), native of Europe and America. It is
one of the slave-making species. -- Red antimony (Min.), kermesite.
See Kermes mineral (b), under Kermes. -- Red ash (Bot.), an American
tree (Fraxinus pubescens), smaller than the white ash, and less
valuable for timber. Cray. -- Red bass. (Zo\'94l.) See Redfish (d). --
Red bay (Bot.), a tree (Persea Caroliniensis) having the heartwood
red, found in swamps in the Southern United States. -- Red beard
(Zo\'94l.), a bright red sponge (Microciona prolifera), common on
oyster shells and stones. [Local, U.S.] -- Red birch (Bot.), a species
of birch (Betula nigra) having reddish brown bark, and compact,
light-colored wood. Gray. -- Red blindness. (Med.) See Daltonism. --
Red book, a book containing the names of all the persons in the
service of the state. [Eng.] -- Red book of the Exchequer, an ancient
record in which are registered the names of all that held lands per
baroniam in the time of Henry II. Brande & C. -- Red brass, an alloy
containing eight parts of copper and three of zinc. -- Red bug.
(Zo\'94l.) (a) A very small mite which in Florida attacks man, and
produces great irritation by its bites. (b) A red hemipterous insect
of the genus Pyrrhocoris, especially the European species (P.
apterus), which is bright scarlet and lives in clusters on tree
trunks. (c) See Cotton stainder, under Cotton. -- Red cedar. (Bot.) An
evergreen North American tree (Juniperus Virginiana) having a fragrant
red-colored heartwood. (b) A tree of India and Australia (Cedrela
Toona) having fragrant reddish wood; -- called also toon tree in
India. 1203 -- Red chalk. See under Chalk. -- Red copper (Min.), red
oxide of copper; cuprite. -- Red coral (Zo\'94l.), the precious coral
(Corallium rubrum). See Illusts. of Coral and Gorgonlacea. -- Red
cross. The cross of St. George, the national emblem of the English.
(b) The Geneva cross. See Geneva convention, and Geneva cross, under
Geneva. -- Red currant. (Bot.) See Currant. -- Red deer. (Zo\'94l.)
(a) The common stag (Cervus elaphus), native of the forests of the
temperate parts of Europe and Asia. It is very similar to the American
elk, or wapiti. (b) The Virginia deer. See Deer. -- Red duck
(Zo\'94l.), a European reddish brown duck (Fuligula nyroca); -- called
also ferruginous duck. -- Red ebony. (Bot.) See Grenadillo. -- Red
empress (Zo\'94l.), a butterfly. See Tortoise shell. -- Red fir
(Bot.), a coniferous tree (Pseudotsuga Douglasii) found from British
Columbia to Texas, and highly valued for its durable timber. The name
is sometimes given to other coniferous trees, as the Norway spruce and
the American Abies magnifica and A. nobilis. -- Red fire. (Pyrotech.)
See Blue fire, under Fire. -- Red flag. See under Flag. -- Red fox
(Zo\'94l.), the common American fox (Vulpes fulvus), which is usually
reddish in color. -- Red grouse (Zo\'94l.), the Scotch grouse, or
ptarmigan. See under Ptarmigan. -- Red gum, Red gum-tree (Bot.), a
name given to eight Australian species of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus
amygdalina, resinifera, etc.) which yield a reddish gum resin. See
Eucalyptus. -- Red hand (Her.), a left hand appaum\'82, fingers erect,
borne on an escutcheon, being the mark of a baronet of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; -- called also Badge of Ulster.
-- Red herring, the common herring dried and smoked.<-- Fig. something
that merely distracts attention from the basic issue; esp. something
irrelevant to the issue at hand, or something which is not true or
does not exist. --> -- Red horse. (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any large American
red fresh-water sucker, especially Moxostoma macrolepidotum and allied
species. (b) See the Note under Drumfish. -- Red lead. (Chem) See
under Lead, and Minium. -- Red-lead ore. (Min.) Same as Crocoite. --
Red liquor (Dyeing), a solution consisting essentially of aluminium
acetate, used as a mordant in the fixation of dyestuffs on vegetable
fiber; -- so called because used originally for red dyestuffs. Called
also red mordant. -- Red maggot (Zo\'94l.), the larva of the wheat
midge. -- Red manganese. (Min.) Same as Rhodochrosite. -- Red man, one
of the American Indians; -- so called from his color. -- Red maple
(Bot.), a species of maple (Acer rubrum). See Maple. -- Red mite.
(Zo\'94l.) See Red spider, below. -- Red mulberry (Bot.), an American
mulberry of a dark purple color (Morus rubra). -- Red mullet
(Zo\'94l.), the surmullet. See Mullet. -- Red ocher (Min.), a soft
earthy variety of hematite, of a reddish color. -- Red perch
(Zo\'94l.), the rosefish. -- Red phosphorus. (Chem.) See under
Phosphorus. -- Red pine (Bot.), an American species of pine (Pinus
resinosa); -- so named from its reddish bark. -- Red precipitate. See
under Precipitate. -- Red Republican (European Politics), originally,
one who maintained extreme republican doctrines in France, -- because
a red liberty cap was the badge of the party; an extreme radical in
social reform. [Cant] -- Red ribbon, the ribbon of the Order of the
Bath in England. -- Red sanders. (Bot.) See Sanders. -- Red sandstone.
(Geol.) See under Sandstone. -- Red scale (Zo\'94l.), a scale insect
(Aspidiotus aurantii) very injurious to the orange tree in California
and Australia. -- Red silver (Min.), an ore of silver, of a ruby-red
or reddish black color. It includes proustite, or light red silver,
and pyrargyrite, or dark red silver. -- Red snapper (Zo\'94l.), a
large fish (Lutlanus aya Blackfordii) abundant in the Gulf of Mexico
and about the Florida reefs. -- Red snow, snow colored by a
mocroscopic unicellular alga (Protococcus nivalis) which produces
large patches of scarlet on the snows of arctic or mountainous
regions. -- Red softening (Med.) a form of cerebral softening in which
the affected parts are red, -- a condition due either to infarction or
inflammation. -- Red spider (Zo\'94l.), a very small web-spinning mite
(Tetranychus telarius) which infests, and often destroys, plants of
various kinds, especially those cultivated in houses and
conservatories. It feeds mostly on the under side of the leaves, and
causes them to turn yellow and die. The adult insects are usually pale
red. Called also red mite. -- Red squirrel (Zo\'94l.), the chickaree.
-- Red tape, the tape used in public offices for tying up documents,
etc.; hence, official formality and delay.<--excessive bureaucratic
paperwork --> -- Red underwing (Zo\'94l.), any species of noctuid
moths belonging to Catacola and allied genera. The numerous species
are mostly large and handsomely colored. The under wings are commonly
banded with bright red or orange. -- Red water, a disease in cattle,
so called from an appearance like blood in the urine.> Red"bel`ly
(-b?l`l?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The char.
Redbird
Red admiral (Zo\'94l.), a beautiful butterfly (Vanessa Atalanta)
common in both Europe and America. The front wings are crossed by a
broad orange red band. The larva feeds on nettles. Called also Atlanta
butterfly, and nettle butterfly. -- Red ant. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A very
small ant (Myrmica molesta) which often infests houses. (b) A larger
reddish ant (Formica sanquinea), native of Europe and America. It is
one of the slave-making species. -- Red antimony (Min.), kermesite.
See Kermes mineral (b), under Kermes. -- Red ash (Bot.),