G G (?) 1. G is the seventh letter of the English alphabet, and a vocal consonant. It has two sounds; one simple, as in gave, go, gull; the other compound (like that of j), as in gem, gin, dingy. See Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 231-6, 155, 176, 178, 179, 196, 211, 246. NOTE: The fo rm of G is from the Latin, in the alphabet which it first appeared as a modified form of C. The name is also from the Latin, and probably comes to us through the French. Etymologically it is most closely related to a c hard, k y, and w; as in corn, grain, kernel; kin L. genus, Gr. garden, yard; drag, draw; also to ch and h; as in get, prehensile; guest, host (an army); gall, choler; gust, choose. See C. 2. (Mus.) G is the name of the fifth tone of the natural or model scale; -- called also sol by the Italians and French. It was also originally used as the treble clef, and has gradually changed into the character represented in the margin. See Clef. G# (G sharp) is a tone intermediate between G and A. Gab Gab (?), n. [Cf. Gaff.] (Steam Engine) The hook on the end of an eccentric rod opposite the strap. See. Illust. of Eccentric. Gab Gab, n. [OE. gabbe gabble, mocking, fr. Icel. gabb mocking, mockery, or OF. gab, gabe; perh. akin to E. gape, or gob. Cf. Gab, v. i., Gibber.] The mouth; hence, idle prate; chatter; unmeaning talk; loquaciousness. [Colloq.] Gift of gab, facility of expression. [Colloq.] Gab Gab, v. i. [OE. gabben to jest, lie, mock, deceive, fr. Icel. gabba to mock, or OF. gaber. See 2d Gab, and cf. Gabble.] 1. To deceive; to lie. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. To talk idly; to prate; to chatter. Holinshed. Gabarage Gab"ar*age (?), n. A kind of coarse cloth for packing goods. [Obs.] Gabardine, Gaberdine Gab`ar*dine", Gab`er*dine" (, n. [Sp. gabardina; cf. It. gavardina, OF. galvardine, calvardine, gavardine, galeverdine; perh. akin to Sp. & OF. gaban a sort of cloak or coat for rainy weather, F. caban great coat with a hood and sleeves, It. gabbano and perh. to E. cabin.] A coarse frock or loose upper garment formerly worn by Jews; a mean dress. Shak. Gabber Gab"ber (?), n. 1. A liar; a deceiver. [Obs.] 2. One addicted to idle talk. Gabble Gab"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gabbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gabbling (?).] [Freq. of gab. See Gab, v. i.] 1. To talk fast, or to talk without meaning; to prate; to jabber. Shak. 2. To utter inarticulate sounds with rapidity; as, gabbling fowls. Dryden. Gabble Gab"ble, n. 1. Loud or rapid talk without meaning. Forthwith a hideous gabble rises loud Among the builders. Milton. 2. Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered; as of fowls. Gabbier Gab"bier (?), n. One who gabbles; a prater. Gabbro Gab"bro (?), n. [It.] (Geol.) A name originally given by the Italians to a kind of serpentine, later to the rock called euphotide, and now generally used for a coarsely crystalline, igneous rock consisting of lamellar pyroxene (diallage) and labradorite, with sometimes chrysolite (olivine gabbro). Gabel Ga"bel (?), n. [F. gabelle, LL. gabella, gabulum, gablum; of uncertain origin. Cf.Gavel tribute.] (O. Eng. Law) A rent, service, tribute, custom, tax, impost, or duty; an excise. Burrill. He enables St. Peter to pay his gabel by the ministry of a fish. Jer. Taylor. Gabeler Ga"bel*er (?), n. (O. Eng. Law) A collector of gabels or taxes. Gabelle Ga`belle" (?), n. [F. See Gabel.] A tax, especially on salt. [France] Brande & C. Gabelleman Ga*belle"man (?), n. A gabeler. Carlyle. Gaberdine Gab`er*dine" (?), n. See Gabardine. Gaber-lunzie Gab"er-lun`zie (?), n. [Gael. gabair talker + lunndair idler.] A beggar with a wallet; a licensed beggar. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Gabert Gab"ert (?), n. [Cf.F.gabare, Arm. kobar, gobar.] A lighter, or vessel for inland navigation. [Scot.] Jamieson. Gabion Ga"bi*on (?), n.[F., from It. gabbione a large cage, gabion, from gabbia cage, L. cavea. See Cage.] 1. (Fort.) A hollow cylinder of wickerwork, like a basket without a bottom. Gabions are made of various sizes, and filled with earth in building fieldworks to shelter men from an enemy's fire. 2. (Hydraul. Engin.) An openwork frame, as of poles, filled with stones and sunk, to assist in forming a bar dyke, etc., as in harbor improvement. Gabionade Ga`bi*on*ade" (?), n. [F. gabionnade.] 1. (Fort.) A traverse made with gabions between guns or on their flanks, protecting them from enfilading fire. 2. A structure of gabions sunk in lines, as a core for a sand bar in harbor improvements. Gabionage Ga"bi*on*age (?), n. [F. gabionnage.] (Mil.) The part of a fortification built of gabions. Gabioned Ga"bi*oned (?), p. a. Furnished with gabions. Gabionnade Ga`bion`nade" (?), n. See Gabionade. Gable Ga"ble (?), n. A cable. [Archaic] Chapman. Gable Ga"ble, n. [OE. gable, gabil, F. gable, fr. LL. gabalum front of a building, prob. of German or Scand. origin; cf. OHG. gibil, G. giebel gable, Icel. gafl, Goth. gibla pinnacle; perh. akin to Gr. cephalic, or to G. gabel fork, AS. geafl, E. gaffle, L. gabalus a kind of gallows.] (Arch.) (a) The vertical triangular portion of the end of a building, from the level of the cornice or eaves to the ridge of the roof. Also, a similar end when not triangular in shape, as of a gambrel roof and the like. Hence: (b) The end wall of a building, as distinguished from the front or rear side. (c) A decorative member having the shape of a triangular gable, such as that above a Gothic arch in a doorway. Bell gable. See under Bell. -- Gable roof, a double sloping roof which forms a gable at each end. -- Gable wall. Same as Gable (b). -- Gable window, a window in a gable. Gablet Ga"blet (?), n. (Arch.) A small gable, or gable-shaped canopy, formed over a tabernacle, niche, etc. Gablock Gab"lock (?), n. [See Gavelock.] A false spur or gaff, fitted on the heel of a gamecock. Wright. Gaby Ga"by (?), n. [Icel. gapi a rash, reckless man. Cf. Gafe.] A simpleton; a dunce; a lout. [Colloq.] Gad Gad (?), n. [OE. gad, Icel. gaddr goad, sting; akin to Sw. gadd sting, Goth. gazds, G. gerte switch. See Yard a measure.] 1. The point of a spear, or an arrowhead. 2. A pointed or wedge-shaped instrument of metal, as a steel wedge used in mining, etc. I will go get a leaf of brass, And with a gad of steel will write these words. Shak. 3. A sharp-pointed rod; a goad. 4. A spike on a gauntlet; a gadling. Fairholt. 5. A wedge-shaped billet of iron or steel. [Obs.] Flemish steel . . . some in bars and some in gads. Moxon. 6. A rod or stick, as a fishing rod, a measuring rod, or a rod used to drive cattle with. [Prov. Eng. Local, U.S.] Halliwell. Bartlett. Upon the gad, upon the spur of the moment; hastily. [Obs.] "All this done upon the gad!" Shak. Gad Gad, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gadded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gadding.] [Prob. fr. gad, n., and orig. meaning to drive about.] To walk about; to rove or go about, without purpose; hence, to run wild; to be uncontrolled. "The gadding vine." Milton. Why gaddest thou about so much to change thy way? Jer. ii. 36. Gadabout Gad"a*bout` (?), n. A gadder [Colloq.] Gadbee Gad"bee` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The gadfly. Gadder Gad"der (?), n. One who roves about idly, a rambling gossip. Gadding Gad"ding, a. & n. Going about much, needlessly or without purpose. Envy is a gadding passion, and walketh the streets. Bacon. The good nuns would check her gadding tongue. Tennyson. Gadding car, in quarrying, a car which carries a drilling machine so arranged as to drill a line of holes. Gaddingly Gad"ding*ly (?), adv. In a roving, idle manner. Gaddish Gad"dish (?), a. Disposed to gad. -- Gad"dish*nes, n. "Gaddishness and folly." Abp. Leighton. Gade Gade (?), n. [Cf. Cod the fish.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A small British fish (Motella argenteola) of the Cod family. (b) A pike, so called at Moray Firth; -- called also gead. [Prov. Eng.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 607 Gadere, Gadre Gad"er*e (?), Gad"re (, v. t. & i. To gather. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gadfly Gad"fly` (?), n.; pl. Gadflies (#). [Gad + fly.] (Zo\'94l.) Any dipterous insect of the genus Oestrus, and allied genera of botflies. NOTE: &hand; Th e sheep gadfly (Oestrus ovis) deposits its young in the nostrils of sheep, and the larv\'91 develop in the frontal sinuses. The common species which infests cattle (Hypoderma bovis) deposits its eggs upon or in the skin where the larv\'91 or bots live and produce sores called wormels. The gadflies of the horse produce the intestinal parasites called bots. See Botfly, and Bots. The true horseflies are often erroneously called gadflies, and the true gadflies are sometimes incorrectly called breeze flies. Gadfly petrel (Zo\'94l.), one of several small petrels of the genus Oestrelata. Gadhelic Gadhel"ic (g&amac;l"&icr;k), a. [See Gaelic.] Of or pertaining to that division of the Celtic languages, which includes the Irish, Gaelic, and Manx. J. Peile. Gadic Gad"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the cod (Gadus); -- applied to an acid obtained from cod-liver oil, viz., gadic acid. Gaditanian Gad`i*ta`ni*an (?), a. [L. Gaditanus, fr. Gades Cadiz.] Of or relating to Cadiz, in Spain. -- n. A native or inhabitant of Cadiz. Gadling Gad"ling (?), n. [Gad, n. + -ling.] (Medi\'91val Armor) [R.] See Gad, n., 4. Gadling Gad"ling, a. [See Gad, v. i.] Gadding about. [Obs.] Gadling Gad"ling, n. A roving vagabond. [Obs.] Rom. of R. Gadman Gadman (?), n. A gadsman. Gadoid Ga"doid (?; 277), a. [NL. gadus cod + -oid: cf. F. gado\'8bde gadoid, Gr. gade.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the family of fishes (Gadid\'91) which includes the cod, haddock, and hake. -- n. One of the Gadid\'91. [Written also gadid.] Gadolinia Gad`o*lin"i*a (?), n. [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.) A rare earth, regarded by some as an oxide of the supposed element gadolinium, by others as only a mixture of the oxides of yttrium, erbium, ytterbium, etc. Gadolinic Gad`o*lin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to or containing gadolinium. Gadolinite Gad"o*lin*ite (?), n. [Named after Gadolin, a Russian chemist.] (Min.) A mineral of a nearly black color and vitreous luster, and consisting principally of the silicates of yttrium, cerium, and iron. Gadolinium Gad`o*lin"i*um (?), n. [NL. See Gadolinite.] (Chem.) A supposed rare metallic element, with a characteristic spectrum, found associated with yttrium and other rare metals. Its individuality and properties have not yet been determined. Gadsman Gads"man (?), n. One who uses a gad or goad in driving. Gaduin Gad"u*in (?), n.[NL. gadus codfish.] (Chem.) A yellow or brown amorphous substance, of indifferent nature, found in cod-liver oil. Gadwall Gad"wall (?), n. [Gad to walk about + well.] (Zo\'94l.) A large duck (Anas strepera), valued as a game bird, found in the northern parts of Europe and America; -- called also gray duck. [Written also gaddwell.] Gael Gael (?), n.sing. & pl. [See Gaelic.] (Ethnol.) A Celt or the Celts of the Scotch Highlands or of Ireland; now esp., a Scotch Highlander of Celtic origin. Gaelic Gael"ic (?; 277), a. [Gael. G\'85idhealach, Gaelach, from G\'85idheal, Gael, a Scotch Highlander.] (Ethnol.) Of or pertaining to the Gael, esp. to the Celtic Highlanders of Scotland; as, the Gaelic language. Gaelic Gael"ic (?), n. [Gael. Gaelig, G\'85ilig.] The language of the Gaels, esp. of the Highlanders of Scotland. It is a branch of the Celtic. Gaff Gaff (?), n. [OE. gaffe, F. gaffe an iron hook with which seamen pull great fishes into their ships; cf. Ir. gaf, gafa hook; perh. akin to G. gabel fork, Skr. gabhasti. CF. Gaffle, Gable.] 1. A barbed spear or a hook with a handle, used by fishermen in securing heavy fish. 2. (Naut.) The spar upon which the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail is extended. 3. Same as Gaffle, 1. Wright. Gaff Gaff, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gaffed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaffing.] To strike with a gaff or barbed spear; to secure by means of a gaff; as, to gaff a salmon. Gaffer Gaf"fer (?), n. [Possibly contr. fr. godfather; but prob. fr. gramfer for grandfather. Cf. Gammer.] 1. An old fellow; an aged rustic. Go to each gaffer and each goody. Fawkes. NOTE: &hand; Ga ffer wa s or iginally a re spectful ti tle, no w degenerated into a term of familiarity or contempt when addressed to an aged man in humble life. 2. A foreman or overseer of a gang of laborers. [Prov. Eng.] Gaffle Gaf"fle (?), n. [Cf. AS. geafl fork, LG., D., Sw., & Dan. gaffel, G. gabel, W. gafl, Ir. & Gael. gabhal. Cf. Gaff.] 1. An artificial spur or gaff for gamecocks. 2. A lever to bend crossbows. Gaff-topsail Gaff`-top"sail (?), n. (Naut.) A small triangular sail having its foot extended upon the gaff and its luff upon the topmast. Gag Gag (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gagged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gagging (?).] [Prob. fr. W. cegio to choke or strangle, fr. ceg mouth, opening, entrance.] 1. To stop the mouth of, by thrusting sometimes in, so as to hinder speaking; hence, to silence by authority or by violence; not to allow freedom of speech to. Marvell. The time was not yet come when eloquence was to be gagged, and reason to be hood winked. Maccaulay. 2. To pry or hold open by means of a gag. Mouths gagged to such a wideness. Fortescue (Transl. ). 3. To cause to heave with nausea. Gag Gag, v. i. 1. To heave with nausea; to retch. 2. To introduce gags or interpolations. See Gag, n., 3. [Slang] Cornill Mag. Gag Gag, n. 1. Sometimes thrust into the mouth or throat to hinder speaking. 2. A mouthful that makes one retch; a choking bit; as, a gag of mutton fat. Lamb. 3. A speech or phrase interpolated offhand by an actor on the stage in his part as written, usually consisting of some seasonable or local allusion. [Slang] Gag rein (Harness), a rein for drawing the bit upward in the horse's mouth. -- Gag runner (Harness), a loop on the throat latch guiding the gag rein. Gagate Gag"ate (?; 48), n. [L. gagates. See Jet a black mineral.] Agate. [Obs.] Fuller. Gage Gage (?), n. [F. gage, LL. gadium, wadium; of German origin; cf. Goth. wadi, OHG. wetti, weti, akin to E. wed. See Wed, and cf. Wage, n.] 1. A pledge or pawn; something laid down or given as a security for the performance of some act by the person depositing it, and forfeited by nonperformance; security. Nor without gages to the needy lend. Sandys. 2. A glove, cap, or the like, cast on the ground as a challenge to combat, and to be taken up by the accepter of the challenge; a challenge; a defiance. "There I throw my gage." Shak. Gage Gage (?), n. [So called because an English family named Gage imported the greengage from France, in the last century.] A variety of plum; as, the greengage; also, the blue gage, frost gage, golden gage, etc., having more or less likeness to the greengage. See Greengage. Gage Gage, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gaged (?); p. pr & vb. n. Gaging (?).] [Cf. F. gager. See Gage, n., a pledge.] 1. To give or deposit as a pledge or security for some act; to wage or wager; to pawn or pledge. [Obs.] A moiety competent Was gaged by our king. Shak. 2. To bind by pledge, or security; to engage. Great debts Wherein my time, sometimes too prodigal, Hath left me gaged. Shak. Gage Gage, n. A measure or standart. See Gauge, n. Gage Gage, v. t. To measure. See Gauge, v. t. You shall not gage me By what we do to-night. Shak. Gager Ga"ger (?), n. A measurer. See Gauger. Gagger Gag"ger (?), n. 1. One who gags. 2. (Founding) A piece of iron imbedded in the sand of a mold to keep the sand in place. Gaggle Gag"gle (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gaggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaggling (?).] [Of imitative origin; cf. D. gaggelen, gagelen, G. gackeln, gackern, MHG. g, E. giggle, cackle.] To make a noise like a goose; to cackle. Bacon. Gaggle Gag"gle, n. [Cf. Gaggle v. i.] (Zo\'94l.) A flock of wild geese. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Gagtooth Gag"tooth` (?), n.; pl. Gagteeth (. A projecting tooth. [Obs.] Gag-toothed Gag"-toothed" (?), a. Having gagteeth. [Obs.] Gahnite Gahn"ite (?), n. [Named after Gahn, a Swedish chemist.] (Min.) Zinc spinel; automolite. Gaidic Ga*id"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to hypogeic acid; -- applied to an acid obtained from hypogeic acid. Gaiety Gai"e*ty (?), n. Same as Gayety. Gailer Gail"er (?), n. A jailer. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gaillard Gail`lard" (?), a. [F. See Galliard.] Gay; brisk; merry; galliard. Chaucer. Gailliarde Gail*liarde" (?), n. [See Galliard a dance.] A lively French and Italian dance. Gaily Gai"ly (?), adv. [From Gay.] Merrily; showily. See gaily. Gain Gain (?), n. [Cf. W. gan a mortise.] (Arch.) A square or beveled notch cut out of a girder, binding joist, or other timber which supports a floor beam, so as to receive the end of the floor beam. Gain Gain, a. [OE. gein, gain, good, near, quick; cf. Icel. gegn ready, serviceable, and gegn, adv., against, opposite. CF. Ahain.] Convenient; suitable; direct; near; handy; dexterous; easy; profitable; cheap; respectable. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Gain Gain (?), n. [OE. gain, gein, ga, gain, advantage, Icel. gagn; akin to Sw. gagn, Dan. gavn, cf. Goth. gageigan to gain. The word was prob. influenced by F. gain gain, OF. gaain. Cf. Gain, v. t.] 1. That which is gained, obtained, or acquired, as increase, profit, advantage, or benefit; -- opposed to loss. But what things were gain to me, those I counted loss for Christ. Phil. iii. 7. Godliness with contentment is great gain. 1 Tim. vi. 6. Every one shall share in the gains. Shak. 2. The obtaining or amassing of profit or valuable possessions; acquisition; accumulation. "The lust of gain." Tennyson. Gain Gain, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gained (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaining.] [From gain, n. but. prob. influenced by F. gagner to earn, gain, OF. gaaignier to cultivate, OHG. weidin, weidinen to pasture, hunt, fr. weida pasturage, G. weide, akin to Icel. vei hunting, AS. wa, cf. L. venari to hunt, E. venison. See Gain, n., profit.] 1. To get, as profit or advantage; to obtain or acquire by effort or labor; as, to gain a good living. What is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul? Matt. xvi. 26. To gain dominion, or to keep it gained. Milton. For fame with toil we gain, but lose with ease. Pope. 2. To come off winner or victor in; to be successful in; to obtain by competition; as, to gain a battle; to gain a case at law; to gain a prize. 3. To draw into any interest or party; to win to one's side; to conciliate. If he shall hear thee, thou hast gained thy brother. Matt. xviii. 15. To gratify the queen, and gained the court. Dryden. 4. To reach; to attain to; to arrive at; as, to gain the top of a mountain; to gain a good harbor. Forded Usk and gained the wood. Tennyson. 5. To get, incur, or receive, as loss, harm, or damage. [Obs. or Ironical] Ye should . . . not have loosed from Crete, and to have gained this harm and loss. Acts xxvii. 21. Gained day, the calendar day gained in sailing eastward around the earth. -- To gain ground, to make progress; to advance in any undertaking; to prevail; to acquire strength or extent. -- To gain over, to draw to one's party or interest; to win over. -- To gain the wind (Naut.), to reach the windward side of another ship. Syn. -- To obtain; acquire; get; procure; win; earn; attain; achieve. See Obtain. -- To Gain, Win. Gain implies only that we get something by exertion; win, that we do it in competition with others. A person gains knowledge, or gains a prize, simply by striving for it; he wins a victory, or wins a prize, by taking it in a struggle with others. Gain Gain (?), v. i. To have or receive advantage or profit; to acquire gain; to grow rich; to advance in interest, health, or happiness; to make progress; as, the sick man gains daily. Thou hast greedily gained of thy neighbors by extortion. Ezek. xxii. 12. Gaining twist, in rifled firearms, a twist of the grooves, which increases regularly from the breech to the muzzle. To gain on OR upon. (a) To encroach on; as, the ocean gains on the land. (b) To obtain influence with. (c) To win ground upon; to move faster than, as in a race or contest. (d) To get the better of; to have the advantage of. The English have not only gained upon the Venetians in the Levant, but have their cloth in Venice itself. Addison. My good behavior had so far gained on the emperor, that I began to conceive hopes of liberty. Swift. Gainable Gain"a*ble (?), a. [CF. F. gagnable. See Gain, v. t.] Capable of being obtained or reached. Sherwood. Gainage Gain"age (?, 48), n. [OF. gaignage pasturage, crop, F. gaignage pasturage. See Gain, v. t.] (O. Eng. Law) (a) The horses, oxen, plows, wains or wagons and implements for carrying on tillage. (b) The profit made by tillage; also, the land itself. Bouvier. Gainer Gain"er (?), n. One who gains. Shak. Gainful Gain"ful (?), a. Profitable; advantageous; lucrative. "A gainful speculation." Macaulay. -- Gain"ful*ly, adv. -- Gain"ful*ness, n. Gaingiving Gain"giv`ing (?), n. [See Again, and Give.] A misgiving. [Obs.] Gainless Gain"less, a. Not producing gain; unprofitable. Hammond. -- Gain"less/ness, n. Gainly Gain"ly, adv. [See Gain, a.] Handily; readily; dexterously; advantageously. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Gainpain Gain"pain` (?), n.[F. gagner to gain + pain bread.] Bread-gainer; -- a term applied in the Middle Ages to the sword of a hired soldier. Gainsay Gain`say" (? OR ?; 277), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gainsaid (? OR ?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gainsaying.] [OE. geinseien, ageinseien. See Again, and Say to utter.] To contradict; to deny; to controvert; to dispute; to forbid. I will give you a mouth and wisdom which all your adversaries shall not be able to gainsay nor resist. Luke xxi. 15. The just gods gainsay That any drop thou borrow'dst from thy mother, My sacred aunt, should by my mortal sword Be drained. Shak. Gainsayer Gain`say"er (?), n. One who gainsays, contradicts, or denies. "To convince the gainsayers." Tit. i. 9. Gainsome Gain"some (?), a. 1. Gainful. 2. Prepossessing; well-favored. [Obs.] Massinger. 'Gainst 'Gainst (?), prep. A contraction of Against. Gainstand Gain"stand` (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gainstood; p. pr. & vb. n. gainstanding.] [See Again, and Stand.] To withstand; to resist. [Obs.] Durst . . . gainstand the force of so many enraged desires. Sir P. Sidney. Gainstrive Gain"strive` (?), v. t. & i. [See Again, and Strive.] To strive or struggle against; to withstand. [Obs.] Spenser. Gairfowl Gair"fowl` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Garefowl. Gairish, a., Gairishly, adv., Gairish/ness Gair"ish (?), a., Gair"ish*ly, adv., Gair"ish/ness, n. Same as Garish, Garishly, Garishness. Gait Gait (?), n. [See Gate a way.] 1. A going; a walk; a march; a way. Good gentleman, go your gait, and let poor folks pass. Shak. 2. Manner of walking or stepping; bearing or carriage while moving. 'T is Cinna; I do know him by his gait. Shak. Gaited Gait"ed (?), a. Having (such) a gait; -- used in composition; as, slow-gaited; heavy-gaited. Gaiter Gait"er (?), n. [F. gu\'88tre, cf. Armor. gweltren; or perh. of German origin, and akin to E. wear, v.] 1. A covering of cloth or leather for the ankle and instep, or for the whole leg from the knee to the instep, fitting down upon the shoe. _________________________________________________________________ Page 608 2. A kind of shoe, consisting of cloth, and covering the ankle. Gaiter Gai"ter (?), v. t. To dress with gaiters. Gaitre, Gaytre Gai"tre, Gay"tre (, n. [OE. Cf. Gatten tree.] The dogwood tree. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gala Ga"la (?), n. [F. gala show, pomp, fr. It. gala finery, gala; of German origin. See Gallant.] Pomp, show, or festivity. Macaulay. Gala day, a day of mirth and festivity; a holiday. Galacta-gogue Ga*lac"ta-gogue (?), n. [Gr. (Med.) An agent exciting secretion of milk. Galactic Ga*lac"tic (?), a. [Gr. Galaxy, and cf. Lactic.] 1. Of or pertaining to milk; got from milk; as, galactic acid. 2. Of or pertaining to the galaxy or Milky Way. Galactic circle (Astron.), the great circle of the heavens, to which the course of the galaxy most nearly conforms. Herschel. -- Galactic poles, the poles of the galactic circle. Galactin Ga*lac"tin (?), n. [Gr. Lactin.] (Chem.) (a) An amorphous, gelatinous substance containing nitrogen, found in milk and other animal fluids. It resembles peptone, and is variously regarded as a coagulating or emulsifying agent. (b) A white waxy substance found in the sap of the South American cow tree (Galactodendron). (c) An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate resembling gelose, found in the seeds of leguminous plants, and yielding on decomposition several sugars, including galactose. Galactodensimeter Ga*lac`to*den*sim"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. densimeter.] Same as Galactometer. Galactometer Gal`ac*tom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. galactom\'8atre. Cf. Lactometer.] An instrument for ascertaining the quality of milk (i.e., its richness in cream) by determining its specific gravity; a lactometer. Galactophagist Gal`ac*toph"a*gist (?), n. [Gr. One who eats, or subsists on, milk. Galactophagous Gal`ac*toph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. galactophade.] Feeding on milk. Galactophorous Gal`ac*toph"o*rous (?), a. [Gr. galactophore. Cf. Lactiferous.] (Anat.) Milk-carrying; lactiferous; -- applied to the ducts of mammary glands. Galactopoietic Ga*lac`to*poi*et"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Med.) Increasing the flow of milk; milk-producing. -- n. A galactopoietic substance. Galactose Ga*lac"tose (?), n. (Chem.) A white, crystalline sugar, C6H12O6, isomeric with dextrose, obtained by the decomposition of milk sugar, and also from certain gums. When oxidized it forms mucic acid. Called also lactose (though it is not lactose proper).<-- lactose is a dimeric form of galactose, converted to galactose by acid or enzymatic activity (beta-galactosidase) --> Galage Ga*lage" (?), n. (Obs.) See Galoche. Spenser. Galago Ga*la"go (?), n.; pl. Galagos (#). [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of African lemurs, including numerous species. NOTE: &hand; Th e gr and galago (Galago crassicaudata) is about the size of a cat; the mouse galago (G. murinus)is about the size of a mouse. Galanga, Galangal Ga*lan"ga (?), Ga*lan"gal (?), n.[OE. galingale, OF. galingal, garingal, F. galanga (cf. Sp. galanga), prob. fr. Ar. khalanj. ] The pungent aromatic rhizome or tuber of certain East Indian or Chinese species of Alpinia (A. Galanga and A. officinarum) and of the K\'91mpferia Galanga), -- all of the Ginger family. Galantine Gal"an*tine (? or ?), n. [F. galantine.] A dish of veal, chickens, or other white meat, freed from bones, tied up, boiled, and served cold. Smart. Galapee tree Gal"a*pee` tree" (?), (Bot.) The West Indian Sciadophyllum Brownei, a tree with very large digitate leaves. Galatian Ga*la"tian (?), a. Of or pertaining to Galatia or its inhabitants. -- A native or inhabitant of Galatia, in Asia Minor; a descendant of the Gauls who settled in Asia Minor. Galaxy Gal"ax*y (?), n.; pl. Galaxies (#). [F. galaxie, L. galaxias, fr. Gr. lac. CF. Lacteal.] 1. (Astron.) The Milky Way; that luminous tract, or belt, which is seen at night stretching across the heavens, and which is composed of innumerable stars, so distant and blended as to be distinguishable only with the telescope. The term has recently been used for remote clusters of stars. Nichol. 2. A splendid assemblage of persons or things. Galban, Galbanum Gal"ban, Gal"ba*num (?), n. [L. galbanum, Gr. klekb'n: cf. F. galbanum.] A gum resin exuding from the stems of certain Asiatic umbelliferous plants, mostly species of Ferula. The Bubon Galbanum of South Africa furnishes an inferior kind of galbanum. It has an acrid, bitter taste, a strong, unpleasant smell, and is used for medical purposes, also in the arts, as in the manufacture of varnish. Gale Gale (?), n. [Prob. of Scand.. origin; cf. Dan. gal furious, Icel. galinn, cf. Icel. gala to sing, AS. galan to sing, Icel. galdr song, witchcraft, AS. galdor charm, sorcery, E. nightingale; also, Icel. gjla gust of wind, gola breeze. Cf. Yell.] 1. A strong current of air; a wind between a stiff breeze and a hurricane. The most violent gales are called tempests. NOTE: &hand; Ga les ha ve a ve locity of fr om ab out ei ghteen ("moderate") to about eighty ("very heavy") miles an our. Sir. W. S. Harris. 2. A moderate current of air; a breeze. A little gale will soon disperse that cloud. Shak. And winds of gentlest gale Arabian odors fanned From their soft wings. Milton. 3. A state of excitement, passion, or hilarity. The ladies, laughing heartily, were fast getting into what, in New England, is sometimes called a gale. Brooke (Eastford). Topgallant gale (Naut.), one in which a ship may carry her topgallant sails. Gale Gale (?), v. i. (Naut.) To sale, or sail fast. Gale Gale, n [OE. gal. See Gale wind.] A song or story. [Obs.] Toone. Gale Gale, v. i. [AS. galan. See 1st Gale.] To sing. [Obs.] "Can he cry and gale." Court of Love. Gale Gale, n [AS. gagel, akin to D. gagel.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Myrica, growing in wet places, and strongly resembling the bayberry. The sweet gale (Myrica Gale) is found both in Europe and in America. Gale Gale, n. [Cf. Gabel.] The payment of a rent or annuity. [Eng.] Mozley & W. Gale day, the day on which rent or interest is due. Galea Ga"le*a (?), n.[L., a helmet. ] 1. (Bot.) The upper lip or helmet-shaped part of a labiate flower. 2. (Surg.) A kind of bandage for the head. 3. (Pathol.) Headache extending all over the head. 4. (Paleon.) A genus of fossil echini, having a vaulted, helmet-shaped shell. 5. (Zo\'94l.) The anterior, outer process of the second joint of the maxillae in certain insects. Galeas Gal"e*as (?), n. See Galleass. Galeate, Galeated Ga"le*ate (?), Ga"le*a`ted (?), a. [L. galeatus, p.p. of galeare helmet.] 1. Wearing a helmet; protected by a helmet; covered, as with a helmet. 2. (Biol.) Helmeted; having a helmetlike part, as a crest, a flower, etc.; helmet-shaped. Galei Ga"le*i (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Galeus, name of one genus, fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) That division of elasmobranch fishes which includes the sharks. Galena Ga*le"na (?), n.[L. galena lead ore, dross that remains after melting lead: cf. F. gal\'8ane sulphide of lead ore, antidote to prison, stillness of the sea, calm, tranquility.] 1. (Med.) A remedy or antidose for poison; theriaca. [Obs.] Parr. 2. (Min.) Lead sulphide; the principal ore of lead. It is of a bluish gray color and metallic luster, and is cubic in crystallization and cleavage. False galena. See Blende. Galenic, Galenical Ga*len"ic (?), Ga*len"ic*al (, a. Pertaining to, or containing, galena. Galenic, Galenical Ga*len"ic, Ga*len"ic*al, an. [From Galen, the physician.] Relating to Galen or to his principles and method of treating diseases. Dunglison. Galenic pharmacy, that branch of pharmacy which relates to the preparation of medicines by infusion, decoction, etc., as distinguished from those which are chemically prepared. Galenism Ga"len*ism (?), n. The doctrines of Galen. Galenist Ga*len*ist, n. A follower of Galen. Galenite Ga*le"nite (?), n. (Min.) Galena; lead ore. Gale-opithecus Ga`le-o*pi*the"cus (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A genus of flying Insectivora, formerly called flying lemurs. See Colugo. Galericu-late Gal`er*ic"u-late (?), a. [L. galericulum, dim. of galerum a hat or cap, fr. galea helmet.] Covered as with a hat or cap. Smart. Galerite Gal"er*ite (?), n. [L. galerum a hat, cap: cf. F. gal\'82rite.] (Paleon.) A cretaceous fossil sea urchin of the genus Galerites. Galician Ga*li"cian (?), a. [Cf. Sp. Galiciano, Gallego, fr. L. Gallaecus, Gallaicus, fr. Gallaeci a people in Western Spain.] Of or pertaining to Galicia, in Spain, or to Galicia, the kingdom of Austrian Poland. -- n. A native of Galicia in Spain; -- called also Gallegan. Galilean Gal`i*le"an (?), a. Of or pertaining to Galileo; as, the Galilean telescope. See Telescope. Galilean Gal`i*le"an (?), a. [L. Galilaeus, fr. Galilaea Galilee, Gr. galil\'82en.] Of or relating to Galilee. Galilean Gal`i*le"an, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Galilee, the northern province of Palestine under the Romans. 2. (Jewish Hist.) One of the party among the Jews, who opposed the payment of tribute to the Romans; -- called also Gaulonite. 3. A Christian in general; -- used as a term of reproach by Mohammedans and Pagans. Byron. Galilee Gal"i*lee (?), n. [Supposed to have been so termed in allusion to the scriptural "Galilee of the Gentiles." cf. OF. galil\'82e.] (Arch.) A porch or waiting room, usually at the west end of an abbey church, where the monks collected on returning from processions, where bodies were laid previous to interment, and where women were allowed to see the monks to whom they were related, or to hear divine service. Also, frequently applied to the porch of a church, as at Ely and Durham cathedrals. Gwilt. Galimatias Gal`i*ma"tias (?), n. [F.] Nonsense; gibberish; confused and unmeaning talk; confused mixture. Her dress, like her talk, is a galimatias of several countries. Walpole. Galingale Gal"in*gale (?), n. [See Galangal.] (Bot.) A plant of the Sedge family (Cyperus longus) having aromatic roots; also, any plant of the same genus. Chaucer. Meadow, set with slender galingale. Tennyson. Galiot Gal"i*ot (?), n. [OE. galiote, F. galiote. See Galley.] (Naut.) (a) A small galley, formerly used in the Mediterranean, built mainly for speed. It was moved both by sails and oars, having one mast, and sixteen or twenty seats for rowers. (b) A strong, light-draft, Dutch merchant vessel, carrying a mainmast and a mizzenmast, and a large gaff mainsail. Galipot Gal"i*pot (?), n. [F. galipot; cf. OF. garipot the wild pine or pitch tree.] An impure resin of turpentine, hardened on the outside of pine trees by the spontaneous evaporation of its essential oil. When purified, it is called yellow pitch, white pitch, or Burgundy pitch. Gall Gall (?), n.[OE. galle, gal, AS. gealla; akin to D. gal, OS. & OHG. galla, Icel. gall, SW. galla, Dan. galde, L. fel, Gr. yellow. Yellow, and cf. Choler] 1. (Physiol.) The bitter, alkaline, viscid fluid found in the gall bladder, beneath the liver. It consists of the secretion of the liver, or bile, mixed with that of the mucous membrane of the gall bladder. 2. The gall bladder. 3. Anything extremely bitter; bitterness; rancor. He hath . . . compassed me with gall and travail. Lam. iii. 5. Comedy diverted without gall. Dryden. 4. Impudence; brazen assurance. [Slang] Gall bladder (Anat.), the membranous sac, in which the bile, or gall, is stored up, as secreted by the liver; the cholecystis. See Illust. of Digestive apparatus. -- Gall duct, a duct which conveys bile, as the cystic duct, or the hepatic duct. -- Gall sickness, a remitting bilious fever in the Netherlands. Dunglison. -- Gall of the earth (Bot.), an herbaceous composite plant with variously lobed and cleft leaves, usually the Prenanthes serpentaria. Gall Gall (?), n. [F. galle, noix de galle, fr. L. galla.] (Zo\'94l.) An excrescence of any form produced on any part of a plant by insects or their larvae. They are most commonly caused by small Hymenoptera and Diptera which puncture the bark and lay their eggs in the wounds. The larvae live within the galls. Some galls are due to aphids, mites, etc. See Gallnut. NOTE: &hand; Th e ga lls, or gallnuts, of commerce are produced by insects of the genus Cynips, chiefly on an oak (Quercus infectoria or Lusitanica) of Western Asia and Southern Europe. They contain much tannin, and are used in the manufacture of that article and for making ink and a black dye, as well as in medicine. Gall insect (Zo\'94l.), any insect that produces galls. -- Gall midge (Zo\'94l.), any small dipterous insect that produces galls. -- Gall oak, the oak (Quercus infectoria) which yields the galls of commerce. -- Gall of glass, the neutral salt skimmed off from the surface of melted crown glass;- called also glass gall and sandiver. Ure.-- Gall wasp. (Zo\'94l.) See Gallfly. Gall Gall, v. t. (Dyeing) To impregnate with a decoction of gallnuts. Ure. Gall Gall, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Galling.] [OE. gallen; cf. F. galer to scratch, rub, gale scurf, scab, G. galle a disease in horses' feet, an excrescence under the tongue of horses; of uncertain origin. Cf. Gall gallnut.] 1. To fret and wear away by friction; to hurt or break the skin of by rubbing; to chafe; to injure the surface of by attrition; as, a saddle galls the back of a horse; to gall a mast or a cable. I am loth to gall a new-healed wound. Shak. 2. To fret; to vex; as, to be galled by sarcasm. They that are most galled with my folly, They most must laugh. Shak. 3. To injure; to harass; to annoy; as, the troops were galled by the shot of the enemy. In our wars against the French of old, we used to gall them with our longbows, at a greater distance than they could shoot their arrows. Addison. Gall Gall, v. i. To scoff; to jeer. [R.] Shak. Gall Gall, n. A wound in the skin made by rubbing. Gallant Gal"lant (?), a. [F. gallant, prop. p. pr. of OF. galer to rejoice, akin to OF. gale amusement, It. gala ornament; of German origin; cf. OHG. geil merry, luxuriant, wanton, G. geil lascivious, akin to AS. g wanton, wicked, OS. g merry, Goth. gailjan to make to rejoice, or perh. akin to E. weal. See Gala, Galloon.] 1. Showy; splendid; magnificent; gay; well-dressed. The town is built in a very gallant place. Evelyn. Our royal, good and gallant ship. Shak. 2. Noble in bearing or spirit; brave; high-spirited; courageous; heroic; magnanimous; as, a gallant youth; a gallant officer. That gallant spirit hath aspired the clouds. Shak. The gay, the wise, the gallant, and the grave. Waller. Syn. -- Gallant, Courageous, Brave. Courageous is generic, denoting an inward spirit which rises above fear; brave is more outward, marking a spirit which braves or defies danger; gallant rises still higher, denoting bravery on extraordinary occasions in a spirit of adventure. A courageous man is ready for battle; a brave man courts it; a gallant man dashes into the midst of the conflict. Gallant Gal*lant" (?; 277), a. Polite and attentive to ladies; courteous to women; chivalrous. Gallant Gal*lant" (?; 277), n. 1. A man of mettle or spirit; a gay; fashionable man; a young blood. Shak. 2. One fond of paying attention to ladies. 3. One who wooes; a lover; a suitor; in a bad sense, a seducer. Addison. NOTE: &hand; In the first sense it is by some ortho\'89pists (as in Shakespeare) accented on the first syllable. Gallant Gal*lant" (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gallanted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gallanting.] 1. To attend or wait on, as a lady; as, to gallant ladies to the play. 2. To handle with grace or in a modish manner; as, to gallant a fan. [Obs.] Addison. Gallantly Gal*lant"ly (?), adv. In a polite or courtly manner; like a gallant or wooer. Gallantly Gal"lant*ly (?), adv. In a gallant manner. Gallantness Gal"lant*ness (?), n. The quality of being gallant. _________________________________________________________________ Page 609 Gallantry Gal"lant*ry (?), n.; pl. Gallantries (#). [F. galanterie.] 1. Splendor of appearance; ostentatious finery. [Archaic] Guess the gallantry of our church by this . . . when the desk whereon the priest read was inlaid with plates of silver. Fuller. 2. Bravery; intrepidity; as, the troops behaved with great gallantry. 3. Civility or polite attention to ladies; in a bed sense, attention or courtesy designed to win criminal favors from a female; freedom of principle or practice with respect to female virtue; intrigue. 4. Gallant persons, collectively. [R.] Helenus, Antenor, and all the gallantry of Troy. Shak. Syn. -- See Courage, and Heroism. Gallate Gal"late (?; 277), n. [Cf. F. gallate. See Gall gallnut.] (Chem.) A salt of gallic acid. Gallature Gal"la*ture (?; 135), n. [From L. gallus a cock.] (Zo\'94l.) The tread, treadle, or chalasa of an egg. Galleass Gal"le*ass (?; 135), n. [F. gal\'82asse, gal\'82ace; cf. It. galeazza, Sp. galeaza; LL. galea a galley. See Galley.] (Naut.) A large galley, having some features of the galleon, as broadside guns; esp., such a vessel used by the southern nations of Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. See Galleon, and Galley. [Written variously galeas, gallias, etc.] NOTE: &hand; "T he ga lleasses . . . were a third larger than the ordinary galley, and rowed each by three hundred galley slaves. They consisted of an enormous towering structure at the stern, a castellated structure almost equally massive in front, with seats for the rowers amidships." Motley. Gallegan, Gallego Gal*le"gan (?), Gal*le"go (? or ?), n. [Sp. Gallego.] A native or inhabitant of Galicia, in Spain; a Galician. Galle\'8bn Gal"le*\'8bn (?), n. [Pyrogallol + phthale\'8bn.] (Chem.) A red crystalline dyestuff, obtained by heating together pyrogallic and phthalic acids. Galleon Gal"le*on (?), n. [Sp. galeon, cf. F. galion; fr. LL. galeo, galio. See Galley.] (Naut.) A sailing vessel of the 15th and following centuries, often having three or four decks, and used for war or commerce. The term is often rather indiscriminately applied to any large sailing vessel. The gallens . . . were huge, round-stemmed, clumsy vessels, with bulwarks three or four feet thick, and built up at stem and stern, like castels. Motley. Galleot Gal"le*ot (?), n. (Naut.) See Galiot. Gallery Gal"ler*y (?), n.; pl Galleries (#). [F. galerie, It. galleria, fr. LL. galeria gallery, perh. orig., a festal hall, banquetting hall; cf. OF. galerie a rejoicing, fr. galer to rejoice. Cf. Gallant, a.] 1. A long and narrow corridor, or place for walking; a connecting passageway, as between one room and another; also, a long hole or passage excavated by a boring or burrowing animal. 2. A room for the exhibition of works of art; as, a picture gallery; hence, also, a large or important collection of paintings, sculptures, etc. 3. A long and narrow platform attached to one or more sides of public hall or the interior of a church, and supported by brackets or columns; -- sometimes intended to be occupied by musicians or spectators, sometimes designed merely to increase the capacity of the hall. 4. (Naut.) A frame, like a balcony, projecting from the stern or quarter of a ship, and hence called stern galery or quarter gallry, -- seldom found in vessels built since 1850. 5. (Fort.) Any communication which is covered overhead as well as at the sides. When prepared for defense, it is a defensive galery. 6. (Mining) A working drift or level. Whispering gallery. See under Whispering. Galletyle Gal"le*tyle (?), n. [OE. gallytile. Cf. Gallipot.] A little tile of glazed earthenware. [Obs.] "The substance of galletyle." Bacon. Galley Gal"ley (?), n.; pl. Galleys (#). [OE. gale, galeie (cf. OF. galie, gal\'82e, LL. galea, LGr. 1. (Naut.) A vessel propelled by oars, whether having masts and sails or not; as: (a) A large vessel for war and national purposes; -- common in the Middle Ages, and down to the 17th century. (b) A name given by analogy to the Greek, Roman, and other ancient vessels propelled by oars. (c) A light, open boat used on the Thames by customhouse officers, press gangs, and also for pleasure. (d) One of the small boats carried by a man-of-war. NOTE: &hand; Th e ty pical galley of the Mediterranean was from one hundred to two hundred feet long, often having twenty oars on each side. It had two or three masts rigged with lateen sails, carried guns at prow and stern, and a complement of one thousand to twelve hundred men, and was very efficient in mediaeval walfare. Galleons, galliots, galleasses, half galleys, and quarter galleys were all modifications of this type. 2. The cookroom or kitchen and cooking apparatus of a vessel; -- sometimes on merchant vessels called the caboose. 3. (Chem.) An oblong oven or muffle with a battery of retorts; a gallery furnace. 4. [F. gal\'82e; the same word as E. galley a vessel.] (Print.) (a) An oblong tray of wood or brass, with upright sides, for holding type which has been set, or is to be made up, etc. (b) A proof sheet taken from type while on a galley; a galley proof. Galley slave, a person condemned, often as a punishment for crime, to work at the oar on board a galley. "To toil like a galley slave." Macaulay.-- Galley slice (Print.), a sliding false bottom to a large galley. Knight. Galley-bird Gal"ley-bird` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) The European green woodpecker; also, the spotted woodpecker. [Prov. Eng.] Galley-worm Gal"ley-worm` (?), n. [Prob. so called because the numerous legs along the sides move rhythmically like the oars of a galley.] (Zo\'94l.) A chilognath myriapod of the genus Iulus, and allied genera, having numerous short legs along the sides; a milliped or "thousand legs." See Chilognatha. Gallfly Gall"fly` (?), n.; pl. Gallflies (. (Zo\'94l.) An insect that deposits its eggs in plants, and occasions galls, esp. any small hymenopteran of the genus Cynips and allied genera. See Illust. of Gall. Gallyambic Gal`ly*am"bic (?), a. [L. galliambus a song used by the priests of Cybele; Gallus (a name applied to these priests) + iambus] (Pros.) Consisting of two iambic dimeters catalectic, the last of which lacks the final syllable; -- said of a kind of verse. Gallian Gal"li*an (?), a. [See Gallic.] Gallic; French. [Obs.] Shak. Galliard Gal"liard (?), a. [OE., fr. F. gaillard, perh. of Celtic origin; cf. Ir. & Gael. galach valiant, or AS. gagol, geagl, wanton, lascivious.] Gay; brisk; active. [Obs.] Galliard Gal"liard, n. A brisk, gay man. [Obs.] Selden is a galliard by himself. Cleveland. Galliard Gal"liard, n. [F. gaillarde, cf. Sp. gallarda. See Galliard, a.] A gay, lively dance. Cf. Gailliarde. Never a hall such a galliard did grace. Sir. W. Scott. Galliardise Gal`liard*ise (?), n. [F. gaillardise. See Galliard, a.] Excessive gayety; merriment. [Obs.] The mirth and galliardise of company. Sir. T. Browne. Galliardness Gal"liard*ness, n. Gayety. [Obs.] Gayton. Galliass Gal"li*ass (?), n. Same as Galleass. Gallic Gal"lic (?), a. [From Gallium.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, gallium. Gallic Gal"lic (277), a. [From Gall the excrescence.] Pertaining to, or derived from, galls, nutgalls, and the like. Gallic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, very widely distributed in the vegetable kingdom, being found in the free state in galls, tea, etc., and produced artificially. It is a white, crystalline substance, C6H2(HO)3.CO2H, with an astringent taste, and is a strong reducing agent, as employed in photography. It is usually prepared from tannin, and both give a dark color with iron salts, forming tannate and gallate of iron, which are the essential ingredients of common black ink. Gallic Gal"lic (?), a. [L. Gallicus belonging to the Gauls, fr. Galli the Gauls, Gallia Gaul, now France: cf. F. gallique.] Pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallican. Gallican Gal"li*can (?), a. [L. Gallicanus: cf. F. gallican.] Of or pertaining to Gaul or France; Gallic; French; as, the Gallican church or clergy. Gallican Gal"li*can, n. An adherent to, and supporter of, Gallicanism. Shipley. Gallicanism Gal"li*can*ism (?), n. The principles, tendencies, or action of those, within the Roman Catholic Church in France, who (esp. in 1682) sought to restrict the papal authority in that country and increase the power of the national church. Schaff-Herzog Encyc. Gallicism Gal"li*cism (?), n. [F. gallicisme.] A mode of speech peculiar to the French; a French idiom; also, in general, a French mode or custom. Gallicize Gal"li*cize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gallicized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gallicizing (?).] To conform to the French mode or idiom. Gallied Gal"lied (?), p. p. & a. (Naut.) Worried; flurried; frightened. Ham. Nav. Encyc. Galliform Gal"li*form (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Like the Gallinae (or Galliformes) in structure. Galligaskins Gal`li*gas"kins (?), n. pl. [Prob. corrupted fr. It. Grechesco Grecian, a name which seems to have been given in Venice, and to have been afterwards confused with Gascony, as if they came from Gascony.] Loose hose or breeches; leather leg quards. The word is used loosely and often in a jocose sense. Gallimatia Gal`li*ma"ti*a (? OR ?), n. Senseless talk. [Obs. or R.] See Galimatias. Gallimaufry Gal`li*mau"fry (?), n.; pl. Gallimaufries (#). [F. galimafr\'82e a sort of ragout or mixed hash of different meats.] 1. A hash of various kinds of meats, a ragout. Delighting in hodge-podge, gallimaufries, forced meat. King. 2. Any absurd medley; a hotchpotch. The Mahometan religion, which, being a gallimaufry made up of many, partakes much of the Jewish. South. Gallin Gal"lin (?), n. (Chem.) A substance obtained by the reduction of galle\'8bn. Gallinaceae Gal"li*nace*ae (?), n. pl. [NL. See Gallinaceous.] (Zo\'94l.) Same as Gallinae. Gallinacean Gal`li*na"cean (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Gallinae or gallinaceous birds. Gallinaceous Gal`li*na"ceous (?), a.[L. gallinaceus, fr. gallina hen, fr. gallus cock.] (Zo\'94l.) Resembling the domestic fowls and pheasants; of or pertaining to the Gallinae. Gallinae Gal*li"nae (?), n.; pl. [NL., fr. L. gallina a hen, gallus a cock.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of birds, including the common domestic fowls, pheasants, grouse, quails, and allied forms; -- sometimes called Rasores. Galling Gall"ing (?), a. Fitted to gall or chafe; vexing; harassing; irritating. -- Gall"ing*ly, adv. Gallinipper Gal"li*nip`per (?), n. A large mosquito. Gallinule Gal"li*nule (?), n. [L. gallinula chicken, dim. of gallina hen: cf. F. gallinule.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several wading birds, having long, webless toes, and a frontal shield, belonging to the family Rallidae. They are remarkable for running rapidly over marshes and on floating plants. The purple gallinule of America is Ionornis Martinica, that of the Old World is Porphyrio porphyrio. The common European gallinule (Gallinula chloropus) is also called moor hen, water hen, water rail, moor coot, night bird, and erroneously dabchick. Closely related to it is the Florida gallinule (Gallinula galeata). NOTE: &hand; Th e pu rple gallinule of Southern Europe and Asia was formerly believed to be able to detect and report adultery, and for that reason, chiefly, it was commonly domesticated by the ancients. Galliot Gal"li*ot (?), n. See Galiot. Gallipoli oil Gal*lip"o*li oil` (?). An inferior kind of olive oil, brought from Gallipoli, in Italy. Gallipot Gal"li*pot (?), n. [Prob. fr. OD. gleypot, the first part of which is possibly akin to E. glad. See Glad, and Pot.] A glazed earthen pot or vessel, used by druggists and apothecaries for containing medicines, etc. Gallium Gal"li*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Gallia France.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element, found in certain zinc ores. It is white, hard, and malleable, resembling aluminium, and remarcable for its low melting point (86 NOTE: &hand; The element was predicted with most of its properties, under the name ekaluminium, by the Russian chemist Mendelejeff, on the basis of the Periodic law. This prediction was verified in its discovery by the French chemist Lecoq de Boisbaudran by its characteristic spectrum (two violet lines), in an examination of a zinc blende from the Pyrenees. Gallivant Gal"li*vant (?), v. i. [From Gallant.] To play the beau; to wait upon the ladies; also, to roam about for pleasure without any definite plan. [Slang] Dickens. Gallivat Gal"li*vat (?), n.[Prob. fr. Pg. galeota; cf. E. galiot, galley.] (Naut.) A small armed vessel, with sails and oars, -- used on the Malabar coast. A. Chalmers. Galliwasp Gal"li*wasp` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] (Zo\'94l.) A West Indian lizard (Celestus occiduus), about a foot long, imagined by the natives to be venomous. Gallnut Gall"nut` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A round gall produced on the leaves and shoots of various species of the oak tree. See Gall, and Nutgall. Gallomania Gal`lo*ma"ni*a (?), n. [L. Galli Gauls + mania madness.] An excessive admiration of what is French. -- Gal`lo*ma"ni*ac (#), n. Gallon Gal"lon (?), n. [OF galon, jalon, LL. galo, galona, fr. galum a liquid measure; cf. F. jale large bowl. Cf. Gill a measure.] A measure of capacity, containing four quarts; -- used, for the most part, in liquid measure, but sometimes in dry measure. NOTE: &hand; Th e standart gallon of the Unites States contains 231 cubic inches, or 8.3389 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at its maximum density, and with the barometer at 30 inches. This is almost exactly equivalent to a cylinder of seven inches in diameter and six inches in height, and is the same as the old English wine gallon. The beer gallon, now little used in the United States, contains 282 cubic inches. The English imperial gallon contains 10 pounds avoirdupois of distilled water at 62 Galloon Gal*loon" (?), n. [From F. or Sp. galon. See Gala. ] 1. A narrow tapelike fabric used for binding hats, shoes, etc., -- sometimes made ornamental. 2. A similar bordering or binding of rich material, such as gold lace. Silver and gold galloons, with the like glittering gewgaws. Addison. Gallooned Gal*looned` (?), a. Furnished or adorned with galloon. Gallop Gal"lop (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Galloped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Galloping.] [OE. galopen, F. galoper, of German origin; cf. assumed Goth. ga-hlaupan to run, OHG. giloufen, AS. gehle\'a0pan to leap, dance, fr. root of E. leap, and a prefix; or cf. OFlem. walop a gallop. See Leap, and cf. 1st Wallop.] 1. To move or run in the mode called a gallop; as a horse; to go at a gallop; to run or move with speed. But gallop lively down the western hill. Donne. _________________________________________________________________ Page 610 2. To ride a horse at a gallop. 3. Fig.: To go rapidly or carelessly, as in making a hasty examination. Such superficial ideas he may collect in galloping over it. Locke. Gallop Gal"lop (?), v. t. To cause to gallop. Gallop Gal"lop, n. [Cf. F. galop. See Gallop, v. i., and cf. Galop.] A mode of running by a quadruped, particularly by a horse, by lifting alternately the fore feet and the hind feet, in successive leaps or bounds. Hand gallop, a slow or gentle gallop. Gallopade Gal"lo*pade` (?), n. [F. galopade. See Gallop, n.] 1. I horsemanship, a sidelong or curveting kind of gallop. 2. A kind of dance; also, music to the dance; a galop. Gallopade Gal`lo*pade" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gallopaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gallopading.] 1. To gallop, as on horseback. 2. To perform the dance called gallopade. Galloper Gal"lop*er (?), n. 1. One who, or that which, gallops. 2. (Mil.) A carriage on which very small guns were formerly mounted, the gun resting on the shafts, without a limber. Farrow. Galloper gun , a light gun, supported on a galloper, -- formerly attached to British infantry regiments. Gallopin Gal"lo*pin (?), n.[F. galopin. See Gallop, v. i.] An under servant for the kitchen; a scullion; a cook's errand boy. [Obs.] Halliwell. Galloping Gal"lop*ing (?), a. Going at a gallop; progressing rapidly; as, a galloping horse. Gallotannic Gal`lo*tan"nic (?), a. [Gall nutgall + tannic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to the tannin or nutgalls. Gallotannic acid. See Tannic acid, under Tannic. Gallow Gal"low (?), v. t. [Cf. AS. \'begelwan to stupefy.] To fright or terrify. See Gally, v. t. [Obs.] Shak. Galloway Gal"lo*way (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small horse of a breed raised at Galloway, Scotland; -- called also garran, and garron. Gallowglass Gal"low*glass` (?), n. [Ir. galloglach. Cf. Gillie.] A heavy-armed foot soldier from Ireland and the Western Isles in the time of Edward Shak. Gallows Gal"lows (?), n. sing.; pl. Gallowses (#) OR Gallows. [OE. galwes, pl., AS. galga, gealga, gallows, cross; akin to D. galg gallows, OS. & OHG. galgo, G. galgen, Icel. g\'belgi, Sw. & Dan. galge, Goth. galga a cross. Etymologically and historically considered, gallows is a noun in the plural number, but it is used as a singular, and hence is preceded by a; as, a gallows.] 1. A frame from which is suspended the rope with which criminals are executed by hanging, usually consisting of two upright posts and a crossbeam on the top; also, a like frame for suspending anything. So they hanged Haman on the gallows. Esther vii. 10. If I hang, I'll make a fat pair of gallows. Shak. O, there were desolation of gaolers and gallowses Shak. 2. A wretch who deserves the gallows. [R.] Shak. 3. (Print.) The rest for the tympan when raised. 4. pl. A pair of suspenders or braces. [Colloq.] Gallows bird, a person who deserves the gallows. [Colloq.] -- Gallows bitts (Naut.), one of two or more frames amidships on deck for supporting spare spars; -- called also gallows, gallows top, gallows frame, etc. -- Gallows frame. (a) The frame supporting the beam of an engine. (b) (Naut.) Gallows bitts. -- Gallows, OR Gallow tree, the gallows. At length him nail\'82d on a gallow tree. Spenser. Gallstone Gall"stone` (?), n. A concretion, or calculus, formed in the gall bladder or biliary passages. See Calculus, n., 1. Gally Gal"ly (?), v. t. [See Gallow, v. t.] To frighten; to worry. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] T. Brown. Gally Gall"y (?), a. Like gall; bitter as gall. Cranmer. Gally Gal"ly (?), n. See Galley, n., 4. Gallygaskins Gal`ly*gas"kins, n. pl. See Galligaskins. Galoche, Galoshe Ga*loche", Ga*loshe" (, [OE. galoche, galache, galage, shoe, F. galoche galoche, perh. altered fr. L. gallica a Gallic shoe, or fr. LL. calopedia wooden shoe, or shoe with a wooden sole, Gr. 1. A clog or patten. [Obs.] Nor were worthy [to] unbuckle his galoche. Chaucer. 2. Hence: An overshoe worn in wet weather. 3. A gaiter, or legging, covering the upper part of the shoe and part of the leg. Galoot Ga*loot" (?), n. A noisy, swaggering, or worthless fellow; a rowdy. [Slang, U. S.] Galop Gal"op (?), n. [F.] (Mus.) A kind of lively dance, in 2-4 time; also, the music to the dance. Galore Ga*lore" (?), n. & a. [Scot. gelore, gilore, galore, fr. Gael. gu le\'95r, enough; gu- to, also an adverbial prefix + le\'95r, le\'95ir, enough; or fr. Ir. goleor, the same word.] Plenty; abundance; in abundance. Galoshe Ga*loshe" (?), n. Same as Galoche. Galpe Galpe (?), v. i. To gape,; to yawn. [Obs.] Chaucer. Galsome Gal"some (?), a. [Gall bitterness + some.] Angry; malignant. [Obs.] Bp. Morton. Galt Galt (?), n [See Gault.] Same as Gault. Galvanic Gal*van"ic (?), a. [From Galvani, a professor of physiology at Bologna, on account of his connection (about 1780) with the discovery of dynamical or current electricity: cf. F. galvanique.] Of or pertaining to, or exhibiting the phenomena of, galvanism; employing or producing electrical currents. Galvanic battery (Elec.), an apparatus for generating electrical currents by the mutual action of certain liquids and metals; -- now usually called voltaic battery. See Battery. -- Galvanic circuit OR circle. (Elec.) See under Circuit. -- Galvanic pile (Elec.), the voltaic pile. See under Voltaic. Galvanism Gal"va*nism (?), n [From Galvani: cf. F. galvanisme. See Galvanic.] (Physics) (a) Electricity excited by the mutual action of certain liquids and metals; dynamical electricity. (b) The branch of physical science which treats of dynamical elecricity, or the properties and effects of electrical currents. NOTE: &hand; Th e wo rds ga lvanism an d galvanic, formerly in very general use, are now rarely employed. For the latter, voltaic, from the name of Volta, is commonly used. Galvanist Gal"va*nist (?), n. One versed in galvanism. Galvanization Gal"va*niza`tion (?), n. The act of process of galvanizing. Galvanize Gal"va*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Galvanized (?); p pr. & vb. n. Galvanizing (?).] [Cf. F. galvaniser.] 1. To affect with galvanism; to subject to the action of electrical currents. 2. To plate, as with gold, silver, etc., by means of electricity. 3. To restore to consciousness by galvanic action (as from a state of suspended animation); hence, to stimulate or excite to a factitious animation or activity. 4. To coat, as iron, with zinc. See Galvanized iron. Galvanized iron, formerly, iron coated with zink by electrical deposition; now more commonly, iron coated with zink by plunging into a bath of melted zink, after its surface has been cleaned by friction with the aid of dilute acid. Galvanizer Gal"va*ni`zer (?), n. One who, or that which, galvanize. Galvanocaustic Gal*van`o*caus"tic (?), a. [Galvanic + caustic.] Relating to the use of galvanic heat as a caustic, especially in medicine. Galvanocautery Gal*van`o*cau"ter*y (?), n. (Med.) Cautery effected by a knife or needle heated by the passage of a galvanic current. Galvanoglyphy Gal`va*nog"ly*phy (?), n. [Galvanic + Gr. Same as Glyphography. Galvanograph Gal*van"o*graph (?), n. [Galvanic + -graph.] (Engraving) A copperplate produced by the method of galvanography; also, a picture printed from such a plate. Galvanographic Gal*van`o*graph"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to galvanography. Galvanography Gal`va*nog"ra*phy (?), n. [Galvanic + -graphy.] 1. The art or process of depositing metals by electricity; electrotypy. 2. A method of producing by means of electrotyping process (without etching) copperplates which can be printed from in the same manner as engraved plates. Galvanologist Gal`va*nol"o*gist (?), n. One who describes the phenomena of galvanism; a writer on galvanism. Galvanology Gal`va*nol"o*gy (?) n. [Galvanic + -logy.] A treatise on galvanism, or a description of its phenomena. Galvanometer Gal`va*nom"e*ter (?), n. [Galvanic + -meter: cf. F. galvanom\'8atre.] (Elec.) An instrument or apparatus for measuring the intensity of an electric current, usually by the deflection of a magnetic needle. Differential galvanometer. See under Differental, a. -- Sine galvanometer, Cosine galvanometer, Tangent galvanometer (Elec.), a galvanometer in which the sine, cosine, or tangent respectively, of the angle through which the needle is deflected, is proportional to the strength of the current passed through the instrument. Galvanometric Gal*van`o*met"ric (?), a. Of, pertaining to, or measured by, a galvanometer. Galvanometry Gal`va*nom"e*try (?), n. The art or process of measuring the force of electric currents. Galvanoplastic Gal*van`o*plas"tic (?), a. [Galvanic + -plastic.] Of or pertaining to the art or process of electrotyping; employing, or produced by, the process of electolytic deposition; as, a galvano-plastic copy of a medal or the like. Galvanoplasty Gal*van"o*plas`ty (?), n. [Cf. F. galanoplastie.] The art or process of electrotypy. Galvanopuncture Gal*van`o*punc"ture (?), n. (Med.) Same as Electro-puncture. Galvanoscope Gal*van`o*scope (?), n. [Galvanic + -scope: cf. F. galvanoscope.] (Elec.) An instrument or apparatus for detecting the presence of electrical currents, especially such as are of feeble intensity. Galvanoscopic Gal*van`o*scop"ic (?), a Of or pertaining to a galvanoscope. Galvanoscopy Gal`va*nos"co*py (?), n (Physiol.) The use of galvanism in physiological experiments. Galvanotonus Gal`va*not"o*nus (?), n. [NL., fr. E. galvanic + GR. (Physiol.) Same as Electrotonus. Galvanotropism Gal`va*not"ro*pism (?), n. [Galvanic + Gr. (Bot.) The tendency of a root to place its axis in the line of a galvanic current. Galwes Gal"wes (?), n. Gallows. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gama grass Ga"ma grass` (?). [From Gama, a cluster of the Maldive Islands.] (Bot.) A species of grass (Tripsacum dactyloides) tall, stout, and exceedingly productive; cultivated in the West Indies, Mexico, and the Southern States of North America as a forage grass; -- called also sesame grass. Gamashes Ga*mash"es (?), n. pl. [F. gamaches.] High boots or buskins; in Scotland, short spatterdashes or riding trousers, worn over the other clothing. Gamba Gam"ba (?), n. A viola da gamba. Gambadoes Gam*ba"does (?), n. pl. [I. or Sp. gamba leg. See Gambol, n.] Same as Gamashes. His thin legs tenanted a pair of gambadoes fastened at the side with rusty clasps. Sir W. Scott. Gambeson Gam"be*son (?), n. Same as Gambison. Gambet Gam"bet (?), n. [Fr. gambette, or It. gambetta.] (Zo\'94l.) Any bird of the genuis Totanus. See Tattler. Gambier Gam"bier (?), n. [Malayan.] (a) The inspissated juice of a plant (Uncaria Gambir) growing in Malacca. It is a powerful astringent, and, under the name of Terra Japonica, is used for chewing with the Areca nut, and is exported for tanning and dyeing. (b) Catechu. [Written also gambeer and gambir.] Gambison Gam"bi*son (?), n. [OF. gambeson, gambaison, fr. gambais, wambais, of German origin: cf. MHG. wambeis, G. wams doublet, fr. OHG. wamba, stomach. See Womb.] A defensive garment formerly in use for the body, made of cloth stuffed and quilted. Gambist Gam"bist (?), n. [It. gamba leg.] (Mus.) A performer upon the viola di gamba. See under Viola. Gambit Gam"bit (?), n. [F. gambit, cf. It. gambitto gambit, a tripping up. See Gambol, n.] (Chess Playing) A mode of opening the game, in which a pawn is sacrificed to gain an attacking position. <-- Hence, Fig. any stratagem; in conversation, a remark, often prepared in advance, calculated to provoke discussion, amuse, or make a point = a conversational gambit --> Gamble Gam"ble (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gambled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gambling (?).] [Dim. of game. See 2d Game.] To play or game for money or other stake. Gamble Gamble, v. t. To lose or squander by gaming; -- usually with away. "Bankrupts or sots who have gambled or slept away their estates." Ames. Gambler Gam"bler (?), n. One who gambles. Gamboge Gam*boge" (?), n. A concrete juice, or gum resin, produced by several species of trees in Siam, Ceylon, and Malabar. It is brought in masses, or cylindrical rolls, from Cambodia, or Cambogia, -- whence its name. The best kind is of a dense, compact texture, and of a beatiful reddish yellow. Taking internally, it is a strong and harsh cathartic ad emetic. [Written also camboge.] NOTE: &hand; Th ere ar e se veral ki nds of ga mboge, bu t all are derived from species of Garcinia, a genus of trees of the order Guttifer\'91. The best Siam gamboge is thought to come from Garcinia Hanburii. Ceylon gamboge is from G. Morella. G. pictoria, of Western India, yields gamboge, and also a kind of oil called gamboge butter. Gambogian, Gambogic Gam*bo"gi*an (?), Gambogic (?), a. Pertaining to, resembling, or containing, gamboge. Gambol Gam"bol (?), n. [OE. gambolde, gambaulde, F. gambade, gambol, fr. It. gambata kick, fr. L. gamba leg, akin to F. jambe, OF. also, gambe, fr. L. gamba, hoof or perh. joint: cf. Gr. cam crooked; perh. akin to E. chamber: cf.F. gambiller to kick about. Cf. Jamb, n., Gammon ham, Gambadoes.] A skipping or leaping about in frolic; a hop; a sportive prank. Dryden. Gambol Gam"bol v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gamboled (?), or Gambolled; p. pr. & vb. n. Gamboling or Gambolling.] To dance and skip about in sport; to frisk; to skip; to play in frolic, like boys or lambs. Gambrel Gam"brel (?), n [OF. gambe, jambe leg, F. jambe. Cf. Cambrel, Chambrel, and see Gambol. n.] 1. The hind leg of a horse. 2. A stick crooked like a horse's hind leg; -- used by butchers in suspending slaughtered animals. Gambrel roof (Arch.), a curb roof having the same section in all parts, with a lower steeper slope and an upper and flatter one, so that each gable is pentagonal in form. Gambrel Gam"brel v. t. To truss or hang up by means of a gambrel. Beau. & Fl. Gambroon Gam*broon" (?), n. A kind of twilled linen cloth for lining. Simmonds. Game Game (?), a. [Cf. W. cam crooked, and E. gambol, n.] Crooked; lame; as, a game leg. [Colloq.] Game Game, n. [OE. game, gamen, AS. gamen, gomen, play, sport; akin to OS., OHG., & Icel. gaman, Dan. gammen mirth, merriment, OSw. gamman joy. Cf. Gammon a game, Backgammon, Gamble v. i.] 1. Sport of any kind; jest, frolic. We have had pastimes here, and pleasant game. Shak. 2. A contest, physical or mental, according to certain rules, for amusement, recreation, or for winning a stake; as, a game of chance; games of skill; field games, etc. But war's a game, which, were their subject wise, Kings would not play at. Cowper. NOTE: &hand; Am ong the ancients, especially the Greeks and Romans, there were regularly recurring public exhibitions of strength, agility, and skill under the patronage of the government, usually accompanied with religious ceremonies. Such were the Olympic, the Pythian, the Nemean, and the Isthmian games. 3. The use or practice of such a game; a single match at play; a single contest; as, a game at cards. Talk the game o'er between the deal. Lloyd. 4. That which is gained, as the stake in a game; also, the number of points necessary to be scored in order to win a game; as, in short whist five points are game. 5. (Card Playing) In some games, a point credited on the score to the player whose cards counts up the highest. 6. A scheme or art employed in the pursuit of an object or purpose; method of procedure; projected line of operations; plan; project. Your murderous game is nearly up. Blackw. Mag. It was obviously Lord Macaulay's game to blacken the greatest literary champion of the cause he had set himself to attack. Saintsbury. 7. Animals pursued and taken by sportsmen; wild meats designed for, or served at, table. Those species of animals . . . distinguished from the rest by the well-known appellation of game. Blackstone. Confidence game. See under Confidence. -- To make game of, to make sport of; to mock. Milton. Game Game, a. 1. Having a resolute, unyielding spirit, like the gamecock; ready to fight to the last; plucky. I was game . . . .I felt that I could have fought even to the death. W. Irving. 2. Of or pertaining to such animals as are hunted for game, or to the act or practice of hunting. Game bag, a sportsman's bag for carrying small game captured; also, the whole quantity of game taken. -- Game bird, any bird commonly shot for food, esp. grouse, partridges, quails, pheasants, wild turkeys, and the shore or wading birds, such as plovers, snipe, woodcock, curlew, and sandpipers. The term is sometimes arbitrarily restricted to birds hunted by sportsmen, with dogs and guns. -- Game egg, an egg producing a gamecock. -- Game laws, laws regulating the seasons and manner of taking game for food or for sport. -- Game preserver, a land owner who regulates the killing of game on his estate with a view to its increase. [Eng.] -- To be game. (a) To show a brave, unyielding spirit. (b) To be victor in a game. [Colloq.] -- To die game, to maintain a bold, unyielding spirit to the last; to die fighting. _________________________________________________________________ Page 611 Game Game (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaming.] [OE. gamen, game, to rejoice, AS. gamenian to play. See Game, n.] 1. To rejoice; to be pleased; -- often used, in Old English, impersonally with dative. [Obs.] God loved he best with all his whole hearte At alle times, though him gamed or smarte. Chaucer. 2. To play at any sport or diversion. 3. To play for a stake or prize; to use cards, dice, billiards, or other instruments, according to certain rules, with a view to win money or other thing waged upon the issue of the contest; to gamble. <-- sic!? --> Gamecock Game"cock` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The male game fowl. Game fowl Game" fowl` (?). (Zo\'94l.) A handsome breed of the common fowl, remarkable for the great courage and pugnacity of the males. Gameful Game"ful (?), a. Full of game or games. Gamekeeper Game"keep`er (?), n. One who has the care of game, especially in a park or preserve. Blackstone. Gameless Game"less, a. Destitute of game. Gamely Game"ly, adv. In a plucky manner; spiritedly. Gameness Game"ness, n. Endurance; pluck. Gamesome Game"some (?), a. Gay; sportive; playful; frolicsome; merry. Shak. Gladness of the gamesome crowd. Byron. -- Game"some*ly, adv. -- Game"some*ness, n. Gamester Game"ster (?), n. [Game + -ster.] 1. A merry, frolicsome person. [Obs.] Shak. 2. A person who plays at games; esp., one accustomed to play for a stake; a gambler; one skilled in games. When lenity and cruelty play for a kingdom, the gentlest gamester is the soonest winner. Shak. 3. A prostitute; a strumpet. [Obs.] Shak. Gamic Gam"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Biol.) Pertaining to, or resulting from, sexual connection; formed by the union of the male and female elements. Gamin Gam"in (?), n. [F.] A neglected and untrained city boy; a young street Arab. In Japan, the gamins run after you, and say, 'Look at the Chinaman.' L. Oliphant. Gaming Gam"ing (?), n. The act or practice of playing games for stakes or wagers; gambling. Gamma Gam"ma (?), n. The third letter (G) of the Greek alphabet. Gammadion Gam*ma"di*on (?), n. A cross formed of four capital gammas, formerly used as a mysterious ornament on ecclesiastical vestments, etc. See Fylfot. Gammer Gam"mer (?), n. [Possibly contr. fr. godmother; but prob. fr. grammer for grandmother. Cf. Gaffer.] An old wife; an old woman; -- correlative of gaffer, an old man. Gammon Gam"mon (?), n. [OF. gambon, F. jambon, fr. OF. gambe leg, F. jambe. See Gambol, n., and cf. Ham.] The buttock or tight of a hog, salted and smoked or dried; the lower end of a flitch. Goldsmith. Gammon Gam"mon, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gameed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gameing.] To make bacon of; to salt and dry in smoke. Gammon Gam"mon, n. [See 2d Game.] 1. Backgammon. 2. An imposition or hoax; humbug. [Colloq.] Gammon Gam"mon, v. t. 1. To beat in the game of backgammon, before an antagonist has been able to get his "men" or counters home and withdraw any of them from the board; as, to gammon a person. 2. To impose on; to hoax; to cajole. [Colloq.] Hood. Gammon Gam"mon, v. t. [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.) To fasten (a bowsprit) to the stem of a vessel by lashings of rope or chain, or by a band of iron. Totten. Gammoning Gam"mon*ing, n. [From 5th Gammon.] (Naut.) The lashing or iron band by which the bowsprit of a vessel is secured to the stem to opposite the lifting action of the forestays. Gammoning fashion, in the style of gammoning lashing, that is, having the turns of rope crossed. -- Gammoning hole (Naut.), a hole cut through the knee of the head of a vessel for the purpose of gammoning the bowsprit. Gammoning Gam"mon*ing, n. [From 4th Gammon.] The act of imposing upon or hoaxing a person. [Colloq.] Gamogenesis Gam`o*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. genesis.] (Biol.) The production of offspring by the union of parents of different sexes; sexual reproduction; -- the opposite of agamogenesis. Gamogenetic Gam`o*ge*net"ic (?), a. (Biol.) Relating to gamogenesis. -- Gam`o*ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv. Gamomorphism Gam`o*mor"phism (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) That stage of growth or development in an organism, in which the reproductive elements are generated and matured in preparation for propagating the species. Gamopetalous Gam`o*pet"al*ous (?), a. [Gr. petalous: cf. F. gamop\'82tale.] (Bot.) Having the petals united or joined so as to form a tube or cup; monopetalous. Gamophyllous Ga*moph"yl*lous (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Composed of leaves united by their edges (coalescent). Gray. Gamosepalous Gam`o*sep"al*ous (?), a. [Gr. sepal.] (Bot.) Formed of united sepals; monosepalous. Gamut Gam"ut (?), n. [F. gamme + ut the name of a musical note. F. gamme is fr. the name of the Greek letter Gamma, and Ut.] (Mus.) The scale. Gamy Gam"y (?), a. 1. (Cookery) Having the flavor of game, esp. of game kept uncooked till near the condition of tainting; high-flavored. 2. (Sporting) Showing an unyielding spirit to the last; plucky; furnishing sport; as, a gamy trout. <-- NOTE irregular format for pos ### --> Gan Gan (?), imp. &of; Gin. [See Gin, v.] Began; commenced. NOTE: &hand; Ga n wa s fo rmerly us ed wi th the infinitive to form compound imperfects, as did is now employed. Gan regularly denotes the singular; the plural is usually denoted by gunne or gonne. This man gan fall (i.e., fell) in great suspicion. Chaucer. The little coines to their play gunne hie (i.e., hied). Chaucer. NOTE: Later writers use gan both for singular and plural. Yet at her speech their rages gan relent. Spenser. Ganch Ganch (?), v. t. [Cf. F. ganche, n., also Sp. & Pg. gancho hook, It. gancio.] To drop from a high place upon sharp stakes or hooks, as the Turks dropped malefactors, by way of punishment. Ganching, which is to let fall from on high upon hooks, and there to hang until they die. Sandys. Gander Gan"der (?), n. [AS. gandra, ganra, akin to Prov. G. gander, ganter, and E. goose, gannet. See Goose.] The male of any species of goose. Gane Gane (?), v. i. [See Yawn.] To yawn; to gape. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ganesa Ga*ne"sa (?), n. (Hind. Myth.) The Hindoo god of wisdom or prudence. NOTE: &hand; He is re presented as a short, fat, red-colored man, with a large belly and the head of an elephant. Balfour. Gang Gang (?), v. i. [AS. gangan, akin to OS. & OHG. gangan, Icel. ganga, Goth. gaggan; cf. Lith. to walk, Skr. ja leg. &root;48. CF. Go.] To go; to walk. NOTE: &hand; Ob solete in English literature, but still used in the North of England, and also in Scotland. Gang Gang, n. [Icel. gangr a going, gang, akin to AS., D., G., & Dan. gang a going, Goth. gaggs street, way. See Gang, v. i.] 1. A going; a course. [Obs.] 2. A number going in company; hence, a company, or a number of persons associated for a particular purpose; a group of laborers under one foreman; a squad; as, a gang of sailors; a chain gang; a gang of thieves. 3. A combination of similar implements arranged so as, by acting together, to save time or labor; a set; as, a gang of saws, or of plows. 4. (Naut.) A set; all required for an outfit; as, a new gang of stays. 5. [Cf. Gangue.] (Mining) The mineral substance which incloses a vein; a matrix; a gangue. Gang board, OR Gang plank. (Naut.) (a) A board or plank, with cleats for steps, forming a bridge by which to enter or leave a vessel. (b) A plank within or without the bulwarks of a vessel's waist, for the sentinel to walk on. -- Gang cask, a small cask in which to bring water aboard ships or in which it is kept on deck. -- Gang cultivator, Gang plow, a cultivator or plow in which several shares are attached to one frame, so as to make two or more furrows at the same time. -- Gang days, Rogation days; the time of perambulating parishes. See Gang week (below). -- Gang drill, a drilling machine having a number of drills driven from a common shaft. -- Gang master, a master or employer of a gang of workmen. -- Gang plank. See Gang board (above). -- Gang plow. See Gang cultivator (above). -- Gang press, a press for operating upon a pile or row of objects separated by intervening plates. -- Gang saw, a saw fitted to be one of a combination or gang of saws hung together in a frame or sash, and set at fixed distances apart. -- Gang tide. See Gang week (below). -- Gang tooth, a projecting tooth. [Obs.] Halliwell. -- Gang week, Rogation week, when formerly processions were made to survey the bounds of parishes. Halliwell. -- Live gang, OR Round gang, the Western and the Eastern names, respectively, for a gang of saws for cutting the round log into boards at one operation. Knight. -- Slabbing gang, an arrangement of saws which cuts slabs from two sides of a log, leaving the middle part as a thick beam. Ganger Gang"er (?), n. One who oversees a gang of workmen. [R.] Mayhew. Gangetic Gan*get"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or inhabiting, the Ganges; as, the Gangetic shark. Gang-flower Gang"-flow`er (?), n. (Bot.) The common English milkwort (Polygala vulgaris), so called from blossoming in gang week. Dr. Prior. Gangion Gan"gion (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A short line attached to a trawl. See Trawl, n. Gangliac, Ganglial Gan"gli*ac (?), Gan"gli*al (?), a. (Anat.) Relating to a ganglion; ganglionic. Gangliate, Gangliated Gan"gli*ate (?), Gan"gli*a`ted (?), a. (Anat.) Furnished with ganglia; as, the gangliated cords of the sympathetic nervous system. Gangliform, Ganglioform Gan"gli*form` (?), Gan"gli*o*form` (?), a. [Ganglion + -form.] (Anat.) Having the form of a ganglion. Ganglion Gan"gli*on (?), n.; pl. L. Ganglia (#), E. Ganglions (#). [L. ganglion a sort of swelling or excrescence, a tumor under the skin, Gr. ganglion.] 1. (Anat.) (a) A mass or knot of nervous matter, including nerve cells, usually forming an enlargement in the course of a nerve. (b) A node, or gland in the lymphatic system; as, a lymphatic ganglion. 2. (Med.) A globular, hard, indolent tumor, situated somewhere on a tendon, and commonly formed by the effusion of a viscid fluid into it; -- called also weeping sinew. Ganglion cell, a nerve cell. See Illust. under Bipolar. Ganglionary Gan"gli*on*a*ry (?), a. [Cf. F. ganglionnarie.] (Anat.) Ganglionic. Ganglionic Gan`gli*on"ic (?), a. [Cf. F. ganglionique.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, containing, or consisting of, ganglia or ganglion cells; as, a ganglionic artery; the ganglionic columns of the spinal cord. Gangrel Gan"grel (?), a. [Cf. Gang, v. i.] Wandering; vagrant. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Gangrenate Gan"gre*nate (?), v. t. To gangrene. [Obs.] Gangrene Gan"grene (?), n. [F. gangr\'8ane, L. gangraena, fr. Gr. gras, gar, to devour, and E. voracious, also canker, n., in sense 3.] (Med.) A term formerly restricted to mortification of the soft tissues which has not advanced so far as to produce complete loss of vitality; but now applied to mortification of the soft parts in any stage. Gangrene Gan"grene, v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Gangrened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gangrening.] [Cf. F. gangr\'82ner.] To produce gangrene in; to be affected with gangrene. Gangrenescent Gan`gre*nes"cent (?), a. Tending to mortification or gangrene. Gangrenous Gan"gre*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. gangr\'82neux.] Affected by, or produced by, gangrene; of the nature of gangrene. Gangue Gangue (?), n. [F. gangue, fr. G. gang a metallic vein, a passage. See Gang, n.] (Mining) The mineral or earthy substance associated with metallic ore. Gangway Gang"way` (?), n. [See Gang, v. i.] 1. A passage or way into or out of any inclosed place; esp., a temporary way of access formed of planks. 2. In the English House of Commons, a narrow aisle across the house, below which sit those who do not vote steadly either with the government or with the opposition. 3. (Naut.) The opening through the bulwarks of a vessel by which persons enter or leave it. 4. (Naut.) That part of the spar deck of a vessel on each side of the booms, from the quarter-deck to the forecastle; -- more properly termed the waist. Totten. Gangway ladder, a ladder rigged on the side of a vessel at the gangway. -- To bring to the gangway, to punish (a seaman) by flogging him at the gangway. Ganil Gan"il (?), n. [F.] A kind of brittle limestone. [Prov. Eng.] Kirwan. Ganister, Gannister Gan"is*ter (?), Gan"nis*ter, n. (Mech.) A refractory material consisting of crushed or ground siliceous stone, mixed with fire clay; -- used for lining Bessemer converters; also used for macadamizing roads. Ganja Gan"ja (?), n. [Hind. g\'benjh\'be.] The dried hemp plant, used in India for smoking. It is extremely narcotic and intoxicating.<-- marijuana, hashish --> Gannet Gan"net (?), n. [OE. gant, AS. ganet, ganot, a sea fowl, a fen duck; akin to D. gent gander, OHG. ganazzo. See Gander, Goose.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of sea birds of the genus Sula, allied to the pelicans. NOTE: &hand; Th e common gannet of Europe and America (S. bassana), is also called solan goose, chandel goose, and gentleman. In Florida the wood ibis is commonly called gannet. Booby gannet. See Sula. Ganocephala Gan`o*ceph"a*la (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Paleon.) A group of fossil amphibians allied to the labyrinthodonts, having the head defended by bony, sculptured plates, as in some ganoid fishes. Ganocephalous Gan`o*ceph"a*lous (?), a. (Paleon.) Of or pertaining to the Ganocephala. Ganoid Ga"noid (?), a. [Gr. -oid.] (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to Ganoidei. -- n. One of the Ganoidei. Ganoid scale (Zo\'94l.), one kind of scales of the ganoid fishes, composed of an inner layer of bone, and an outer layer of shining enamel. They are often so arranged as to form a coat of mail. Ganoidal Ga*noid"al (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Ganoid. Ganoidei Ga*noi"de*i (?), n. pl. [NL. See Ganoid.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the subclasses of fishes. They have an arterial cone and bulb, spiral intestinal valve, and the optic nerves united by a chiasma. Many of the species are covered with bony plates, or with ganoid scales; others have cycloid scales. NOTE: &hand; They were numerous, and some of them of large size, in early geological periods; but they are represented by comparatively few living species, most of which inhabit fresh waters, as the bowfin, gar pike, bichir, Ceratodus, paddle fish, and sturgeon. Ganoidian Ga*noid"i*an (?), a. & n. (Zo\'94l.) Ganoid. Ganoine Ga"no*ine (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A peculiar bony tissue beneath the enamel of a ganoid scale. Gansa Gan"sa (?), n. Same as Ganza. Bp. Hall. Gantlet Gant"let (?), n. [Gantlet is corrupted fr. gantlope; gantlope is for gatelope, Sw. gatlopp, orig., a running down a lane; gata street, lane + lopp course, career, akin to l\'94pa to run. See Gate a way, and Leap.] A military punishment formerly in use, wherein the offender was made to run between two files of men facing one another, who struck him as he passed. To run the gantlet, to suffer the punishment of the gantlet; hence, to go through the ordeal of severe criticism or controversy, or ill-treatment at many hands. Winthrop ran the gantlet of daily slights. Palfrey. NOTE: &hand; Written also, but less properly, gauntlet. Gantlet Gant"let, n. A glove. See Gauntlet. Gantline Gant"line` (?), n. A line rigged to a mast; -- used in hoisting rigging; a girtline. _________________________________________________________________ Page 612 Gantlope Gant"lope` (?), n. See Gantlet. [Obs.] Gantry Gan"try (?), n. See Gauntree. Ganza Gan"za (?), n. [Sp. gansa, ganso, goose; of Gothic origin. See Gannet, Goose.] A kind of wild goose, by a flock of which a virtuoso was fabled to be carried to the lunar world. [Also gansa.] Johnson. Gaol Gaol (?), n. [See Jail.] A place of confinement, especially for minor offenses or provisional imprisonment; a jail. [Preferably, and in the United States usually, written jail.] Commission of general gaol delivery, an authority conferred upon judges and others included in it, for trying and delivering every prisoner in jail when the judges, upon their circuit, arrive at the place for holding court, and for discharging any whom the grand jury fail to indict. [Eng.] -- Gaol delivery. (Law) See Jail delivery, under Jail. Gaoler Gaol"er (?), n. The keeper of a jail. See Jailer. Gap Gap (?), n. [OE. gap; cf. Icel. gap an empty space, Sw. gap mouth, breach, abyss, Dan. gab mouth, opening, AS. geap expanse; as adj., wide, spacious. See Gape.] An opening in anything made by breaking or parting; as, a gap in a fence; an opening for a passage or entrance; an opening which implies a breach or defect; a vacant space or time; a hiatus; a mountain pass. Miseries ensued by the opening of that gap. Knolles. It would make a great gap in your own honor. Shak. Gap lathe (Mach.), a turning lathe with a deep notch in the bed to admit of turning a short object of large diameter. -- To stand in the gap, to expose one's self for the protection of something; to make defense against any assailing danger; to take the place of a fallen defender or supporter. -- To stop a gap, to secure a weak point; to repair a defect. Gap Gap, v. t. 1. To notch, as a sword or knife. 2. To make an opening in; to breach. Their masses are gapp'd with our grape. Tennyson. Gape Gape (?; in Eng, commonly ?; 277), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gaped (? or ?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gaping] [OE. gapen, AS. geapan to open; akin to D. gapen to gape, G. gaffen, Icel. & Sw. gapa, Dan. gabe; cf. Skr. jabh to snap at, open the mouth. Cf. Gaby, Gap.] 1. To open the mouth wide; as: (a) Expressing a desire for food; as, young birds gape. Dryden.(b) Indicating sleepiness or indifference; to yawn. She stretches, gapes, unglues her eyes, And asks if it be time to rise. Swift. (c) Showing self-forgetfulness in surprise, astonishment, expectation, etc. With gaping wonderment had stared aghast. Byron. (d) Manifesting a desire to injure, devour, or overcome. They have gaped upon me with their mouth. Job xvi. 10. 2. To pen or part widely; to exhibit a gap, fissure, or hiatus. May that ground gape and swallow me alive! Shak. 3. To long, wait eagerly, or cry aloud for something; -- with for, after, or at. The hungry grave for her due tribute gapes. Denham. Syn. -- To gaze; stare; yawn. See Gaze. Gape Gape, n. 1. The act of gaping; a yawn. Addison. 2. (Zo\'94l.) The width of the mouth when opened, as of birds, fishes, etc. The gapes The gapes. (a) A fit of yawning. (b) A disease of young poultry and other birds, attended with much gaping. It is caused by a parasitic nematode worm (Syngamus trachealis), in the windpipe, which obstructs the breathing. See Gapeworm. Gaper Gap"er (?), n. 1. One who gapes. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European fish. See 4th Comber. (b) A large edible clam (Schizoth\'91rus Nuttalli), of the Pacific coast; -- called also gaper clam. (c) An East Indian bird of the genus Cymbirhynchus, related to the broadbills. Gapeseed Gape"seed` (?), n. Any strange sight. Wright. Gapesing Gapes"ing (? OR ?), n. Act of gazing about; sightseeing. [Prov. Eng.] Gapeworm Gape"worm` (? OR ?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The parasitic worm that causes the gapes in birds. See Illustration in Appendix. Gapingstock Gap"ing*stock` (? OR ?), n. One who is an object of open-mouthed wonder. I was to be a gapingstock and a scorn to the young volunteers. Godwin. Gap-toothed Gap"-toothed` (?), a. Having interstices between the teeth. Dryden. Gar Gar (?), n. [Prob. AS. g\'ber dart, spear, lance. The name is applied to the fish on account of its long and slender body and pointed head. Cf. Goad, Gore, v.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) Any slender marine fish of the genera Belone and Tylosurus. See Garfish. (b) The gar pike. See Alligator gar (under Alligator), and Gar pike. Gar pike, OR Garpike (Zo\'94l.), a large, elongated ganoid fish of the genus Lepidosteus, of several species, inhabiting the lakes and rivers of temperate and tropical America. Gar Gar, v. t. [Of Scand. origin. See Gear, n.] To cause; to make. [Obs. or Scot.] Spenser. Garancin Gar"an*cin (?; 104), n. [F. garance madder, LL. garantia.] (Chem.) An extract of madder by sulphuric acid. It consists essentially of alizarin. Garb Garb (?), n. [OF. garbe looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr. OHG. garaw\'c6, garw\'c6, ornament, dress. akin to E. gear. See Gear, n.] 1. (a) Clothing in general. (b) The whole dress or suit of clothes worn by any person, especially when indicating rank or office; as, the garb of a clergyman or a judge. (c) Costume; fashion; as, the garb of a gentleman in the 16th century. 2. External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character; looks; fashion or manner, as of speech. You thought, because he could not speak English in the native garb, he could not therefore handle an English cudgel. Shak. Garb Garb (?), n. [F. gerbe, OF. also garbe, OHG. garba, G. garbe; cf. Skr. grbh to seize, E. grab.] (Her.) A sheaf of grain (wheat, unless otherwise specified). Garb Garb, v. t. To clothe; array; deck. These black dog-Dons Garb themselves bravely. Tennyson. Garbage Gar"bage (?; 48), n. [OE. also garbash, perh. orig., that which is purged or cleansed away; cf. OF. garber to make fine, neat, OHG. garawan to make ready, prepare, akin to E. garb dress; or perh. for garbleage, fr. garble; or cf. OF. garbage tax on sheaves, E. garb sheaf.] Offal, as the bowels of an animal or fish; refuse animal or vegetable matter from a kitchen; hence, anything worthless, disgusting, or loathsome. Grainger. Garbage Gar"bage, v. t. To strip of the bowels; to clean. "Pilchards . . . are garbaged." Holland. Garbed Garbed (?), a. Dressed; habited; clad. Garbel Gar"bel (?), n. (Naut.) Same as Garboard. Garbel Gar"bel, n. [Cf. Garble, v. t.] Anything sifted, or from which the coarse parts have been taken. [Obs.] Garble Gar"ble (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garbled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Garbling.] [Formerly, to pick out, sort, OF. grabeler, for garbeler to examine precisely, garble spices, fr. LL. garbellare to sift; cf. Sp. garbillar to sift, garbillo a coarse sieve, L. cribellum, dim. of cribrum sieve, akin to cernere to separate, sift (cf. E. Discern); or perh. rather from Ar. gharb\'bel, gharbil, sieve.] 1. To sift or bolt, to separate the fine or valuable parts of from the coarse and useless parts, or from dros or dirt; as, to garble spices. [Obs.] 2. To pick out such parts of as may serve a purpose; to mutilate; to pervert; as, to garble a quotation; to garble an account. Garble Gar"ble, n. 1. Refuse; rubbish. [Obs.] Wolcott. 2. pl. Impurities separated from spices, drugs, etc.; -- also called garblings. Garbler Gar"bler (?), n. One who garbles. Garboard Gar"board (?), n. (Naut.) One of the planks next the keel on the outside, which form a garboard strake. Garboard strake OR streak, the first range or strake of planks laid on a ship's bottom next the keel. Totten. Garboil Gar"boil (?), n. [OF. garbouil; cf. Sp. garbullo, It. garbuglio; of uncertain origin; the last part is perh. fr. L. bullire to boil, E. boil.] Tumult; disturbance; disorder. [Obs.] Shak. Garcinia Gar*cin"i*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, including the mangosteen tree (Garcinia Mangostana), found in the islands of the Indian Archipelago; -- so called in honor of Dr. Garcin. Gard Gard (?), n. [See Garde, Yard] Garden. [Obs.] "Trees of the gard." F. Beaumont. Gard Gard, v. & n. See Guard. Gardant Gar"dant (?), a. [F. See Guardant.] (Her.) Turning the head towards the spectator, but not the body; -- said of a lion or other beast. Garden Gar"den (?; 277), n. [OE. gardin, OF. gardin, jardin, F. jardin, of German origin; cf. OHG. garto, G. garten; akin to AS. geard. See Yard an inclosure.] 1. A piece of ground appropriates to the cultivation of herbs, fruits, flowers, or vegetables. 2. A rich, well-cultivated spot or tract of country. I am arrived from fruitful Lombardy, The pleasant garden of great Italy. Shak. NOTE: &hand; Garden is often used adjectively or in self-explaining compounds; as, garden flowers, garden tools, garden walk, garden wall, garden house or gardenhouse. Garden balsam, an ornamental plant (Impatiens Balsamina). -- Garden engine, a wheelbarrow tank and pump for watering gardens. -- Garden glass. (a) A bell glass for covering plants. (b) A globe of dark-colored glass, mounted on a pedestal, to reflect surrounding objects; -- much used as an ornament in gardens in Germany. -- Garden house (a) A summer house. Beau & Fl. (b) A privy. [Southern U.S.] -- Garden husbandry, the raising on a small scale of seeds, fruits, vegetables, etc., for sale. -- Garden mold OR mould, rich, mellow earth which is fit for a garden. Mortimer. -- Garden nail, a cast nail used, for fastening vines to brick walls. Knight. -- Garden net, a net for covering fruits trees, vines, etc., to protect them from birds. -- Garden party, a social party held out of doors, within the grounds or garden attached to a private residence. -- Garden plot, a plot appropriated to a garden. Garden pot, a watering pot. -- Garden pump, a garden engine; a barrow pump. -- Garden shears, large shears, for clipping trees and hedges, pruning, etc. -- Garden spider, (Zo\'94l.), the diadem spider (Epeira diadema), common in gardens, both in Europe and America. It spins a geometrical web. See Geometric spider, and Spider web. -- Garden stand, a stand for flower pots. -- Garden stuff, vegetables raised in a garden. [Colloq.] -- Garden syringe, a syringe for watering plants, sprinkling them with solutions for destroying insects, etc. -- Garden truck, vegetables raised for the market. [Colloq.] -- Garden ware, garden truck. [Obs.] Mortimer. -- Bear garden, Botanic garden, etc. See under Bear, etc. -- Hanging garden. See under Hanging. -- Kitchen garden, a garden where vegetables are cultivated for household use. -- Market garden, a piece of ground where vegetable are cultivated to be sold in the markets for table use. Garden Gar"den, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gardened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gardening.] To lay out or cultivate a garden; to labor in a garden; to practice horticulture. Garden Gar"den, v. t. To cultivate as a garden. Gardener Gar"den*er (?), n. One who makes and tends a garden; a horticulturist. Gardenia Garde"ni*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of plants, some species of which produce beautiful and fragrant flowers; Cape jasmine; -- so called in honor of Dr. Alexander Garden. Gardening Gar"den*ing (?), n. The art of occupation of laying out and cultivating gardens; horticulture. Gardenless Gar"den*less (?), a. Destitute of a garden. Shelley. Gardenly Gar"den*ly (?), a. Like a garden. [R.] W. Marshall. Gardenship Gar"den*ship, n. Horticulture. [Obs.] Gardon Gar"don (?), n. [F] (Zo\'94l.) A European cyprinoid fish; the id. Gardyloo Gar`dy*loo" (?), n. [F. gare l'eau beware of the water.] An old cry in throwing water, slops, etc., from the windows in Edingburgh. Sir. W. Scott. Gare Gare (?), n. [Cf. Gear.] Coarse wool on the legs of sheep. Blount. Garefowl Gare"fowl` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The great auk; also, the razorbill. See Auk. [Written also gairfowl, and gurfel.] Garfish Gar"fish` (?), n. [See Gar, n.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) A European marine fish (Belone vulgaris); -- called also gar, gerrick, greenback, greenbone, gorebill, hornfish, longnose, mackerel guide, sea needle, and sea pike. (b) One of several species of similar fishes of the genus Tylosurus, of which one species (T. marinus) is common on the Atlantic coast. T. Caribb\'91us, a very large species, and T. crassus, are more southern; -- called also needlefish. Many of the common names of the European garfish are also applied to the American species. Gargalize Gar"ga*lize (?), v. t. [Cf. Gargle, Gargarize.] To gargle; to rinse. [Obs.] Marston. Garganey Gar"ga*ney (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small European duck (Anas querquedula); -- called also cricket teal, and summer teal. Gargantuan Gar*gan"tu*an (?; 135), a. [From Gargantua, an allegorical hero of Rabelais.] Characteristic of Gargantua, a gigantic, wonderful personage; enormous; prodigious; inordinate. Gargarism Gar"ga*rism (?), n. [F. gargarisme, L. gargarisma. See Gargarize.] (Med.) A gargle. Gargarize Gar"ga*rize (?), v. t. [F. gargarizare, fr. Gr. To gargle; to rinse or wash, as the mouth and throat. [Obs.] Bacon. Garget Garget (?), n. [OE. garget, gargate, throat, OF. gargate. Cf. Gorge. The etymol. of senses 2, 3, & 4 is not certain.] 1. The throat. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A diseased condition of the udders of cows, etc., arising from an inflammation of the mammary glands. 3. A distemper in hogs, indicated by staggering and loss of appetite. Youatt. 4. (Bot.) See Poke. Gargil Gar"gil (?), n. [Cf. Garget, Gargoyle.] A distemper in geese, affecting the head. Gargle Gar"gle (?), n. (Arch.) See Gargoyle. Gargle Gar"gle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garggled (?), p. pr. & vb. n. Gargling ( [F. gargouiller to dabble, paddle, gargle. Cf. Gargoyle, Gurgle.] 1. To wash or rinse, as the mouth or throat, particular the latter, agitating the liquid (water or a medicinal preparation) by an expulsion of air from the lungs. 2. To warble; to sing as if gargling [Obs.] Waller. Gargle Gar"gle, n. A liquid, as water or some medicated preparation, used to cleanse the mouth and throat, especially for a medical effect. Gargol Gar"gol (?), n. [Cf. Gargil.] A distemper in swine; garget. Mortimer. Gargoulette Gar`gou*lette" (?), n. [F.] A water cooler or jug with a handle and spout; a gurglet. Mollett. Gargoyle Gar"goyle (?), n. [OE. garguilie, gargouille, cf. Sp. g\'a0rgola, prob. fr. the same source as F. gorge throat, influenced by L. gargarizare to gargle. See Gorge and cf. Gargle, Gargarize.] (Arch.) A spout projecting from the roof gutter of a building, often carved grotesquely. [Written also gargle, gargyle, and gurgoyle.] Gargyle Gar"gyle (?), n. (Arch.) See Gargoyle. Garibaldi Ga`ri*bal"di (?), n. 1. A jacket worn by women; -- so called from its resemblance in shape to the red shirt worn by the Italians patriot Garibaldi. 2. (Zo\'94l.) A California market fish (Pomancentrus rubicundus) of a deep scarlet color. Garish Gar"ish (?), a. [Cf. OE. gauren to stare; of uncertain origin. Cf. gairish.] 1. Showy; dazzling; ostentatious; attracting or exciting attention. "The garish sun." "A garish flag." Shak. "In . . . garish colors." Asham. "The garish day." J. H. Newman. Garish like the laughters of drunkenness. Jer. Taylor. 2. Gay to extravagance; flighty. It makes the mind loose and garish. South. -- Gar"ish*ly, adv. -- Garish*ness, n. Jer. Taylor. Garland Gar"land (?), n. [OE. garland, gerlond, OF. garlande, F. guirlande; of uncertain origin; cf. OHG. wiara, wiera, crown, pure gold, MHG. wieren to adorn.] 1. The crown of a king. [Obs.] Graffon. 2. A wreath of chaplet made of branches, flowers, or feathers, and sometimes of precious stones, to be worn on the head like a crown; a coronal; a wreath. Pope. _________________________________________________________________ Page 613 3. The top; the thing most prized. Shak. 4. A book of extracts in prose or poetry; an anthology. They [ballads] began to be collected into little miscellanies under the name of garlands. Percy. 5. (Naut.) (a) A sort of netted bag used by sailors to keep provision in. (b) A grommet or ring of rope lashed to a spar for convenience in handling. Garland Gar"land (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garlanded; p. pr. & vb. n. Garlanding.] To deck with a garland. B. Jonson. Garlandless Gar"land*less, a. Destitute of a garland. Shelley. Garlic Gar"lic (?), n. [OE. garlek, AS. g\'berle\'a0c; gar spear, lance + le\'a0c leek. See Gar, n., and Leek.] 1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Allium (A. sativum is the cultivated variety), having a bulbous root, a very strong smell, and an acrid, pungent taste. Each root is composed of several lesser bulbs, called cloves of garlic, inclosed in a common membranous coat, and easily separable. 2. A kind of jig or farce. [Obs.] Taylor (1630). Garlic mustard, a European plant of the Mustard family (Alliaria officinalis) which has a strong smell of garlic. -- Garlic pear tree, a tree in Jamaica (Crat\'91va gynandra), bearing a fruit which has a strong scent of garlic, and a burning taste. Garlicky Gar"lick*y (?), a. Like or containing garlic. Garment Gar"ment (?), n. [OE. garnement, OF. garnement, garniment, fr. garnir to garnish. See Garnish.] Any article of clothing, as a coat, a gown, etc. No man putteth a piece of new cloth unto old garment. Matt. ix. 16. Garmented Gar"ment*ed, p. a. Having on a garment; attired; enveloped, as with a garment. [Poetic] A lovely lady garmented in light From her own beauty. Shelley. Garmenture Gar"men*ture (?), n. Clothing; dress. Garner Gar"ner (?), n. [OE. garner, gerner, greiner, OF. gernier, grenier, F. grenier, fr. L. granarium, fr. granum. See 1st Grain, and cf. Granary.] A granary; a building or place where grain is stored for preservation. Garner Gar"ner, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Garnering.] To gather for preservation; to store, as in a granary; to treasure. Shak. Garnet Gar"net (?), n. [OE. gernet, grenat, OF. grenet,grenat, F. grenat, LL. granatus, fr. L. granatum pomegranate, granatus having many grains or seeds, fr. granum grain, seed. So called from its resemblance in color and shape to the grains or seeds of the pomegranate. See Grain, and cf. Grenade, Pomegranate.] (Min.) A mineral having many varieties differing in color and in their constituents, but with the same crystallization (isometric), and conforming to the same general chemical formula. The commonest color is red, the luster is vitreous, and the hardness greater than that of quartz. The dodecahedron and trapezohedron are the common forms. NOTE: &hand; Th ere are also white, green, yellow, brown, and black varieties. The garnet is a silicate, the bases being aluminia lime (grossularite, essonite, or cinnamon stone), or aluminia magnesia (pyrope), or aluminia iron (almandine), or aluminia manganese (spessartite), or iron lime (common garnet, melanite, allochroite), or chromium lime (ouvarovite, color emerald green). The transparent red varieties are used as gems. The garnet was, in part, the carbuncle of the ancients. Garnet is a very common mineral in gneiss and mica slate. Garnet berry (Bot.), the red currant; -- so called from its transparent red color. -- Garnet brown (Chem.), an artificial dyestuff, produced as an explosive brown crystalline substance with a green or golden luster. It consists of the potassium salt of a complex cyanogen derivative of picric acid. Garnet Gar"net, n. [Etymol. unknown.] (Naut.) A tackle for hoisting cargo in our out. Clew garnet. See under Clew. Garnetiferous Gar`net*if"er*ous (?), a. [1st garnet + -ferous.] (Min.) Containing garnets. Garnierite Gar"ni*er*ite (?), n. [Named after the French geologist Garnier.] (Min.) An amorphous mineral of apple-green color; a hydrous silicate of nickel and magnesia. It is an important ore of nickel. Garnish Gar"nish (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnished (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Garnishing.] [OE. garnischen, garnissen, OF. garnir to provide, strengthen, prepare, garnish, warn, F. garnir to provide, furnish, garnish, -- of German origin; cf. OHG. warn\'d3n to provide, equip; akin to G. wahren to watch, E. aware, ware, wary, and cf. also E. warn. See Wary, -ish, and cf. Garment, Garrison.] 1. To decorate with ornamental appendages; to set off; to adorn; to embellish. All within with flowers was garnished. Spenser. 2. (Cookery) To ornament, as a dish, with something laid about it; as, a dish garnished with parsley. 3. To furnish; to supply. 4. To fit with fetters. [Cant] Johnson. 5. (Law) To warn by garnishment; to give notice to; to garnishee. See Garnishee, v. t. Cowell. Garnish Gar"nish, n. 1. Something added for embellishment; decoration; ornament; also, dress; garments, especially such as are showy or decorated. So are you, sweet, Even in the lovely garnish of a boy. Shak. Matter and figure they produce; For garnish this, and that for use. Prior. 2. (Cookery) Something set round or upon a dish as an embellishment. See Garnish, v. t., 2. Smart. 3. Fetters. [Cant] 4. A fee; specifically, in English jails, formerly an unauthorized fee demanded by the old prisoners of a newcomer. [Cant] Fielding. Garnish bolt (Carp.), a bolt with a chamfered or faceted head. Knight. Garnishee Gar`nish*ee" (?), n. (Law) One who is garnished; a person upon whom garnishment has been served in a suit by a creditor against a debtor, such person holding property belonging to the debtor, or owing him money. NOTE: &hand; Th e or der by wh ich wa rning is ma de is called a garnishee order. Garnishee Gar`nish*ee", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garnisheed (-&emac;d); p. pr. & vb. n. Garnisheeing.] (Law) (a) To make (a person) a garnishee; to warn by garnishment; to garnish. (b) To attach (the fund or property sought to be secured by garnishment); to trustee. Garnisher Gar"nish*er (?), n. One who, or that which, garnishes. Garnishment Gar"nish*ment (?), n. [Cf. OF. garnissement protection, guarantee, warning.] 1. Ornament; embellishment; decoration. Sir H. Wotton. 2. (Law) (a) Warning, or legal notice, to one to appear and give information to the court on any matter. (b) Warning to a person in whose hands the effects of another are attached, not to pay the money or deliver the goods to the defendant, but to appear in court and give information as garnishee. 3. A fee. See Garnish, n., 4. Garniture Gar"ni*ture (?), n. [F. garniture. See Garnish, v. t.] That which garnishes; ornamental appendage; embellishment; furniture; dress. The pomp of groves and garniture of fields. Beattie. Garookuh Ga*roo"kuh (?), n. A small fishing vessel met with in the Persian Gulf. Garous Ga"rous (?), a. [From Garum.] Pertaining to, or resembling, garum. Sir T. Browne. Gar pike OR Garpike Gar" pike` OR Gar"pike`. (Zo\'94l.) See under Gar. Garran Gar"ran (?), n. [Gael. garr\'a0n, gearr\'a0n, gelding, work horse, hack.] (Zo\'94l.) See Galloway. [Scot. garron or gerron. Jamieson.] Garret Gar"ret (?), n. [OE. garite, garette, watchtower, place of lookout, OF. garite, also meaning, a place of refuge, F. gu\'82rite a place of refuge, donjon, sentinel box, fr. OF. garir to preserve, save, defend, F. gu\'82rir to cure; of German origin; cf. OHG. werian to protect, defend, hinder, G. wehren, akin to Goth. warjan to hinder, and akin to E. weir, or perhaps to wary. See Weir, and cf. Guerite.] 1. A turret; a watchtower. [Obs.] He saw men go up and down on the garrets of the gates and walls. Ld. Berners. 2. That part of a house which is on the upper floor, immediately under or within the roof; an attic. The tottering garrets which overhung the streets of Rome. Macaulay. Garreted Gar"ret*ed, a. Protected by turrets. [Obs.] R. Carew. Garreteer Gar`ret*eer" (?), n. One who lives in a garret; a poor author; a literary hack. Macaulay. Garreting Gar"ret*ing (?), n. Small splinters of stone inserted into the joints of coarse masonry. Weale. Garrison Gar"ri*son (?), n. [OE. garnisoun, F. garnison garrison, in OF. & OE. also, provision, munitions, from garnir to garnish. See Garnish.] (Mil.) (a) A body of troops stationed in a fort or fortified town. (b) A fortified place, in which troops are quartered for its security. In garrison, in the condition of a garrison; doing duty in a fort or as one of a garrison. Garrison Gar"ri*son, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garrisoned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Garrisoning.] (Mil.) (a) To place troops in, as a fortification, for its defense; to furnish with soldiers; as, to garrison a fort or town. (b) To secure or defend by fortresses manned with troops; as, to garrison a conquered territory. Garron Gar"ron (?), n. Same as Garran. [Scot.] Garrot Gar"rot (?), n. [F. Cf. Garrote.] (Surg.) A stick or small wooden cylinder used for tightening a bandage, in order to compress the arteries of a limb. Garrot Gar"rot, n. (Zo\'94l.) The European golden-eye. Garrote Gar*rote" (?), n. [Sp. garrote, from garra claw, talon, of Celtic origin; cf. Armor. & W. gar leg, ham, shank. Cf. Garrot stick, Garter.] A Spanish mode of execution by strangulation, with an iron collar affixed to a post and tightened by a screw until life become extinct; also, the instrument by means of which the punishment is inflicted. Garrote Gar*rote", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Garroted; p. pr. & vb. n. Garroting.] To strangle with the garrote; hence, to seize by the throat, from behind, with a view to strangle and rob. Garroter Gar*rot"er (?), n. One who seizes a person by the throat from behind, with a view to strangle and rob him. Garrulity Gar*ru"li*ty (?), n. [L. garrulitas: cf. F. garrulit\'82.] Talkativeness; loquacity. Garrulous Gar"ru*lous (?), a. [L. garrulus, fr. garrire to chatter, talk; cf. Gr. Call.] 1. Talking much, especially about commonplace or trivial things; talkative; loquacious. The most garrulous people on earth. De Quincey. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Having a loud, harsh note; noisy; -- said of birds; as, the garrulous roller. Syn. -- Garrulous, Talkative, Loquacious. A garrulous person indulges in long, prosy talk, with frequent repetitions and lengthened details; talkative implies simply a great desire to talk; and loquacious a great flow of words at command. A child is talkative; a lively woman is loquacious; an old man in his dotage is garrulous. -- Gar"ru*lous*ly, adv. -- Gar"ru*lous*ness, n. Garrupa Gar*ru"pa (?), n. [Prob. fr. Pg. garupa crupper. Cf. Grouper the fish.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of California market fishes, of the genus Sebastichthys; -- called also rockfish. See Rockfish. Garter Gar"ter (?), n. [OE. gartier, F. jarreti\'8are, fr. OF. garet bend of the knee, F. jarret; akin to Sp. garra claw, Prov. garra leg. See Garrote.] 1. A band used to prevent a stocking from slipping down on the leg. 2. The distinguishing badge of the highest order of knighthood in Great Britain, called the Order of the Garter, instituted by Edward III.; also, the Order itself. 3. (Her.) Same as Bendlet. Garter fish (Zo\'94l.), a fish of the genus Lepidopus, having a long, flat body, like the blade of a sword; the scabbard fish. -- Garter king-at-arms, the chief of the official heralds of England, king-at-arms to the Order of the Garter; -- often abbreviated to Garter. -- Garter snake (Zo\'94l.), one of several harmless American snakes of the genus Eut\'91nia, of several species (esp. E. saurita and E. sirtalis); one of the striped snakes; -- so called from its conspicuous stripes of color. Garter Gar"ter (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gartered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gartering.] 1. To bind with a garter. He . . . could not see to garter his hose. Shak. 2. To invest with the Order of the Garter. T. Warton. Garth Garth (?), n. [Icel. gar yard. See Yard.] 1. A close; a yard; a croft; a garden; as, a cloister garth. A clapper clapping in a garth To scare the fowl from fruit. Tennyson. 2. A dam or weir for catching fish. Garth Garth, n. [Girth.] A hoop or band. [Prov. Eng.] Garum Ga"rum (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. A sauce made of small fish. It was prized by the ancients. Garvie Gar"vie (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The spart; -- called also garvie herring, and garvock. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Gas Gas (?), n.; pl. Gases (#). [Invented by the chemist Van Helmont of Brussels, who died in 1644.] 1. An a\'89riform fluid; -- a term used at first by chemists as synonymous with air, but since restricted to fluids supposed to be permanently elastic, as oxygen, hydrogen, etc., in distinction from vapors, as steam, which become liquid on a reduction of temperature. In present usage, since all of the supposed permanent gases have been liquified by cold and pressure, the term has resumed nearly its original signification, and is applied to any substance in the elastic or a\'89riform state. 2. (Popular Usage) (a) A complex mixture of gases, of which the most important constituents are marsh gas, olefiant gas, and hydrogen, artificially produced by the destructive distillation of gas coal, or sometimes of peat, wood, oil, resin, etc. It gives a brilliant light when burned, and is the common gas used for illuminating purposes. (b) Laughing gas. (c) Any irrespirable a\'89riform fluid. <-- 3. gasoline. --> NOTE: &hand; Ga s is often used adjectively or in combination; as, gas fitter or gasfitter; gas meter or gas-meter, etc. Air gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing air through some volatile hydrocarbon, as the lighter petroleums. The air is so saturated with combustible vapor as to be a convenient illuminating and heating agent. -- Gas battery (Elec.), a form of voltaic battery, in which gases, especially hydrogen and oxygen, are the active agents. -- Gas carbon, Gas coke, etc. See under Carbon, Coke, etc. -- Gas coal, a bituminous or hydrogenous coal yielding a high percentage of volatile matters, and therefore available for the manufacture of illuminating gas. R. W. Raymond. -- Gas engine, an engine in which the motion of the piston is produced by the combustion or sudden production or expansion of gas; -- especially, an engine in which an explosive mixture of gas and air is forced into the working cylinder and ignited there by a gas flame or an electric spark.<-- = internal combustion engine --> -- Gas fitter, one who lays pipes and puts up fixtures for gas. -- Gas fitting. (a) The occupation of a gas fitter. (b) pl. The appliances needed for the introduction of gas into a building, as meters, pipes, burners, etc. -- Gas fixture, a device for conveying illuminating or combustible gas from the pipe to the gas-burner, consisting of an appendage of cast, wrought, or drawn metal, with tubes upon which the burners, keys, etc., are adjusted. -- Gas generator, an apparatus in which gas is evolved; as: (a) a retort in which volatile hydrocarbons are evolved by heat; (b) a machine in which air is saturated with the vapor of liquid hydrocarbon; a carburetor; (c) a machine for the production of carbonic acid gas, for a\'89rating water, bread, etc. Knight. -- Gas jet, a flame of illuminating gas. -- Gas machine, an apparatus for carbureting air for use as illuminating gas. -- Gas meter, an instrument for recording the quantity of gas consumed in a given time, at a particular place. -- Gas retort, a retort which contains the coal and other materials, and in which the gas is generated, in the manufacture of gas. -- Gas stove, a stove for cooking or other purposes, heated by gas. -- Gas tar, coal tar. -- Gas trap, a drain trap; a sewer trap. See 4th Trap, 5. -- Gas washer (Gas Works), an apparatus within which gas from the condenser is brought in contact with a falling stream of water, to precipitate the tar remaining in it. Knight. -- Gas water, water through which gas has been passed for purification; -- called also gas liquor and ammoniacal water, and used for the manufacture of sal ammoniac, carbonate of ammonia, and Prussian blue. Tomlinson. -- Gas well, a deep boring, from which natural gas is discharged. Raymond. -- Gas works, a manufactory of gas, with all the machinery and appurtenances; a place where gas is generated for lighting cities. -- Laughing gas. See under Laughing. -- Marsh gas (Chem.), a light, combustible, gaseous hydrocarbon, CH4, produced artificially by the dry distillation of many organic substances, and occurring as a natural product of decomposition in stagnant pools, whence its name. It is an abundant ingredient of ordinary illuminating gas, and is the first member of the paraffin series. Called also methane, and in coal mines, fire damp. -- Natural gas, gas obtained from wells, etc., in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and elsewhere, and largely used for fuel and illuminating purposes. It is chiefly derived from the Coal Measures. -- Olefiant gas (Chem.). See Ethylene. -- Water gas (Chem.), a kind of gas made by forcing steam over glowing coals, whereby there results a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This gives a gas of intense heating power, but destitute of light-giving properties, and which is charged by passing through some volatile hydrocarbon, as gasoline.<-- = synthesis gas --> _________________________________________________________________ Page 614 Gasalier Gas`a*lier" (?), n. [Formed from gas, in imitation of chandelier.] A chandelier arranged to burn gas. Gas-burner Gas"-burn`er (?), n. The jet piece of a gas fixture where the gas is burned as it escapes from one or more minute orifices. Gascoines Gas"coines (?), n. pl. See Gaskins, 1. Lyly. Gascon Gas"con (?; F. ?), a. [F.] Of or pertaining to Gascony, in France, or to the Gascons; also, braggart; swaggering. -- n. A native of Gascony; a boaster; a bully. See Gasconade. Gasconade Gas`con*ade" (?), n. [F. gasconnade, from Gascon an inhabitant of Gascony, the people of which were noted for boasting.] A boast or boasting; a vaunt; a bravado; a bragging; braggodocio. Swift. Gasconade Gas`con*ade", v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasconaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gasconading.] To boast; to brag; to bluster. Gasconader Gas`con*ad"er (?), n. A great boaster; a blusterer. Gascoynes Gas"coynes (?), n. pl. Gaskins. Beau & Fl. Gaseity Gas*e"i*ty (? OR ?), n. State of being gaseous. [R] Eng. Cyc. Gaseous Gas"e*ous (? OR ?; 277), a. [From Gas. Cf. F. gazeux.] 1. In the form, or of the nature, of gas, or of an a\'89riform fluid. 2. Lacking substance or solidity; tenuous. "Unconnected, gaseous information." Sir J. Stephen. Gash Gash (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gashed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gashing.] [For older garth or garse, OF. garser to scarify, F. gercer to chap, perh. from an assumed LL. carptiare, fr. L. carpere, carptum, to pluck, separate into parts; cf. LL. carptare to wound. Cf. Carpet.] To make a gash, or long, deep incision in; -- applied chiefly to incisions in flesh. Grievously gashed or gored to death. Hayward. Gash Gash, n. A deep and long cut; an incision of considerable length and depth, particularly in flesh. Gashful Gash"ful (?), a. Full of gashes; hideous; frightful. [Obs.] "A gashful, horrid, ugly shape." Gayton. Gasification Gas`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [See Gasify.] The act or process of converting into gas. Gasiform Gas"i*form, a. Having a form of gas; gaseous. Gasify Gas"i*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gasified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gasifying.] [Gas + -fy.] To convert into gas, or an a\'89riform fluid, as by the application of heat, or by chemical processes. Gasify Gas"i*fy (?), v. i. To become gas; to pass from a liquid to a gaseous state. Scientific American. Gasket Gas"ket (?), n. [Cf. F. garcette, It. gaschetta, Sp. cajeta caburn, garceta reef point.] 1. (Naut.) A line or band used to lash a furled sail securely. Sea gaskets are common lines; harbor gaskets are plaited and decorated lines or bands. Called also casket. 2. (Mech.) (a) The plaited hemp used for packing a piston, as of the steam engine and its pumps. (b) Any ring or washer of packing. Gaskins Gas"kins (?), n.pl. [Cf. Galligaskins.] 1. Loose hose or breeches; galligaskins. [Obs.] Shak. 2. Packing of hemp. Simmonds. 3. A horse's thighs. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Gaslight Gas"light` (?), n. 1. The light yielded by the combustion of illuminating gas. 2. A gas jet or burner. Gasogen Gas"o*gen (?), n. [Gas + -gen.] 1. An apparatus for the generation of gases, or for impregnating a liquid with a gas, or a gas with a volatile liquid. 2. A volatile hydrocarbon, used as an illuminant, or for charging illuminating gas. Gasolene Gas`o*lene (?), n. See Gasoline. Gasolier Gas`o*lier" (?), n. Same as Gasalier. Gasoline Gas"o*line (? OR ?; 104), n. A highly volatile mixture of fluid hydrocarbons, obtained from petroleum, as also by the distillation of bituminous coal. It is used in making air gas, and in giving illuminating power to water gas. See Carburetor.<-- used as a fuel for most automobiles and for other vehicles with a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine --> Gasometer Gas*om"e*ter (? OR ?), n. [Gas + -meter. Cf. F. gazom\'8atre.] An apparatus for holding and measuring of gas; in gas works, a huge iron cylinder closed at one end and having the other end immersed in water, in which it is made to rise or fall, according to the volume of gas it contains, or the pressure required. Gasometric OR, Gasometrical Gas`o*met"ric (? OR ?), Gas`o*met"ric*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to the measurement of gases; as, gasometric analysis. Gasometry Gas*om"e*try (? OR ?), n. The art or practice of measuring gases; also, the science which treats of the nature and properties of these elastic fluids. Coxe. Gasoscope Gas"o*scope (?), n. [Gas + -scope.] An apparatus for detecting the presence of any dangerous gas, from a gas leak in a coal mine or a dwelling house. Gasp Gasp (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gasped (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gasping.] [OE. gaspen, gaispen, to yawn, gasp, Icel. geispa to yawn; akin to Sw. g\'84spa, Dan. gispe to gasp.] 1. To open the mouth wide in catching the breath, or in laborious respiration; to labor for breath; to respire convulsively; to pant violently. She gasps and struggles hard for life. Lloyd. 2. To pant with eagerness; to show vehement desire. Quenching the gasping furrows' thirst with rain. Spenser. Gasp Gasp, v. t. To emit or utter with gasps; -- with forth, out, away, etc. And with short sobs he gasps away his breath. Dryden. Gasp Gasp, n. The act of opening the mouth convulsively to catch the breath; a labored respiration; a painful catching of the breath. At the last gasp, at the point of death. Addison. Gaspereau Gas"per*eau (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The alewife. [Local, Canada] Gasserian Gas*se"ri*an (?), a. Relating to Casserio (L. Gasserius), the discover of the Gasserian ganglion. Gasserian ganglion (Anat.), a large ganglion, at the root of the trigeminal, or fifth cranial, nerve. Gassing Gas"sing (?), n. 1. (Manuf.) The process of passing cotton goods between two rollers and exposing them to numerous minute jets of gas to burn off the small fibers; any similar process of singeing. 2. Boasting; insincere or empty talk. [Slang] Gassy Gas"sy (?), a. Full of gas; like gas. Hence: [Colloq.] Inflated; full of boastful or insincere talk. Gast Gast (?), v. t. [OE. gasten, g to frighten, akin to Goth. usgaisjan. See Aghast, Ghastly, and cf. Gaze.] To make aghast; to frighten; to terrify. See Aghast. [Obs.] Chaucer. Shak. Gaster Gast"er (?), v. t. To gast. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Gasteromycetes Gas`te*ro*my*ce"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Bot.) An order of fungi, in which the spores are borne inside a sac called the peridium, as in the puffballs. Gasteropod Gas"ter*o*pod (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Gastropod. Gasteropoda Gas`te*rop`o*da (?), n. pl. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Gastropoda. Gasteropodous Gas`ter*op"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Same as Gastropodous. Gastful, Gastly Gast"ful, Gast"ly (, a. [Obs.] See Ghastful, Ghastly. Gastight Gas"tight` (?), a. So tightly fitted as to preclude the escape of gas; impervious to gas. Gastness Gast"ness (?), n. See Ghastness. [Obs.] Gastornis Gas*tor"nis (?), n. [NL., from Gaston M. Plante, the discover + Gr. (Paleon.) A genus of large eocene birds from the Paris basin. Gastr\'91a Gas*tr\'91"a (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Biol.) A primeval larval form; a double-walled sac from which, according to the hypothesis of Haeckel, man and all other animals, that in the first stages of their individual evolution pass through a two-layered structural stage, or gastrula form, must have descended. This idea constitutes the Gastr\'91a theory of Haeckel. See Gastrula. Gastralgia Gas*tral"gi*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Pain in the stomach or epigastrium, as in gastric disorders. Gastric Gas"tric (?), a. [Gr. gastrique.] Of, pertaining to, or situated near, the stomach; as, the gastric artery. Gastric digestion (Physiol.), the conversion of the albuminous portion of food in the stomach into soluble and diffusible products by the solvent action of gastric juice. -- Gastric fever (Med.), a fever attended with prominent gastric symptoms; -- a name applied to certain forms of typhoid fever; also, to catarrhal inflammation of the stomach attended with fever. -- Gastric juice (Physiol.), a thin, watery fluid, with an acid reaction, secreted by a peculiar set of glands contained in the mucous membrane of the stomach. It consists mainly of dilute hydrochloric acid and the ferment pepsin. It is the most important digestive fluid in the body, but acts only on proteid foods. -- Gastric remittent fever (Med.), a form of remittent fever with pronounced stomach symptoms. Gastriloquist Gas*tril"o*quist (?), n. [Gr. gasth`r, gastro`s, stomach + L. loqui to speak.] One who appears to speak from his stomach; a ventriloquist. Gastriloquous Gas*tril"o*quous (?), a. Ventriloquous. [R.] Gastriloquy Gas*tril"o*quy (?), n. A voice or utterance which appears to proceed from the stomach; ventriloquy. Gastritis Gas*tri"tis (?), n. [NL., from. Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the stomach, esp. of its mucuos membrane. Gastro- Gas"tro- (?). A combining form from the Gr. gastrocolic, gastrocele, gastrotomy. Gastrocnemius Gas`troc*ne"mi*us (?), n. [NL., from Gr. (Anat.) The muscle which makes the greater part of the calf of the leg. Gastrocolic Gas`tro*col"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + colic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to both the stomach and the colon; as, the gastrocolic, or great, omentum. Gastrodisc Gas`tro*disc (?), n. [Gastro- + disc.] (Biol.) That part of blastoderm where the hypoblast appears like a small disk on the inner face of the epibladst. Gastroduodenal Gas`tro*du"o*de"nal (?), a. [Gastro- + -duodenal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the stomach and duodenum; as, the gastroduodenal artery. Gastroduodenitis Gas`tro*du`o*de*ni"tis (?), n. [NL. See Gastroduodenal, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the stomach and duodenum. It is one of the most frequent causes of jaundice. Gastroelytrotomy Gas`tro*el`y*trot"o*my (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr (Surg.) The operation of cutting into the upper part of the vagina, through the abdomen (without opening the peritoneum), for the purpose of removing a fetus. It is a substitute for the C\'91sarean operation, and less dangerous. Gastroenteric Gas`tro*en*te"ric (?), a. [Gastro- + -enteric.] (Anat. & Med.) Gastrointestinal. Gastroenteritis Gas`tro*en`te*ri"tis (?), n. [NL. See Gastroenrteric, and -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the lining membrane of the stomach and the intestines. Gastroepiploic Gas`tro*ep`i*plo"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + -epiploic.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the stomach and omentum. Gastrohepatic Gas`tro*he*pat"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + -hepatic.] (Med.) Pertaining to the stomach and liver; hepatogastric; as, the gastrohepatic, or lesser, omentum. Gastrohysterotomy Gas`tro*hys`ter*ot"o*my (?), n. [Gastro- + GR. to cut.] (Surg.) C\'91sarean section. See under C\'91sarean. Gastrointestinal Gas`tro*in*tes"ti*nal (?), a. [Gastro- + -intestinal.] (Anat. & Med.) Of or pertaining to the stomach and intestines; gastroenteric. Gastrolith Gas`tro*lith (?), n. [Gastro- + -lith.] (Zo\'94l.) See Crab's eyes, under Crab. Gastrology Gas*trol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr gastrologie.] The science which treats of the structure and functions of the stomach; a treatise of the stomach. Gastromalacia Gas`tro*ma*la"ci*a (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) A softening of the coats of the stomach; -- usually a post-morten change. Gastromancy Gas`tro*man"cy (?), n. [Gastro- + -mancy: cf. F. gastromancy.] (Antiq.) (a) A kind of divination, by means of words seemingly uttered from the stomach. (b) A species of divination, by means of glasses or other round, transparent vessels, in the center of which figures are supposed to appear by magic art. Gastromyces Gas`tro*my"ces (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Biol.) The fungoid growths sometimes found in the stomach; such as Torula, etc. Gastromyth Gas"tro*myth (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr. One whose voice appears to proceed from the stomach; a ventriloquist. [Obs.] Gastronome, Gastronomer Gas"tro*nome (?), Gas*tron"o*mer (?), n. [F. gastronome, fr. Gr. One fond of good living; an epicure. Sir W. Scott. Gastronomic, Gastronomical Gas`tro*nom"ic (?), Gas`tro*nom"ic*al (, a. [Cf. F. gastronomique.] Pertaining to gastromony. Gastronomist Gas*tron"o*mist (?), n. A gastromomer. Gastronomy Gas*tron"o*my (?), n. [Gr. gastronomie.] The art or science of good eating; epicurism; the art of good cheer. Gastrophrenic Gas`tro*phren"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + -phrenic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the stomach and diaphragm; as, the gastrophrenic ligament. Gastropneumatic Gas`tro*pneu*mat"ic (?), a. [Gastro- + pneumatic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the alimentary canal and air passages, and to the cavities connected with them; as, the gastropneumatic mucuos membranes. Gastropod Gas"tro*pod (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) One of the Gastropoda. [Written also gasteropod.] Gastropoda Gas*trop"o*da (?), n. pl., [NL., fr. Gr. -poda.] (Zo\'94l.) One of the classes of Mollusca, of great extent. It includes most of the marine spiral shells, and the land and fresh-water snails. They generally creep by means of a flat, muscular disk, or foot, on the ventral side of the body. The head usually bears one or two pairs of tentacles. See Mollusca. [Written also Gasteropoda.] NOTE: &hand; Th e Ga stropoda ar e di vided in to three subclasses; viz.: (a) The Streptoneura or Dioecia, including the Pectinibranchiata, Rhipidoglossa, Docoglossa, and Heteropoda. (b) The Euthyneura, including the Pulmonata and Opisthobranchia. (c) The Amphineura, including the Polyplacophora and Aplacophora. Gastropodous Gas*trop"o*dous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Of or pertaining to the Gastropoda. Gastroraphy Gas*tror"a*phy (?), n. [Gr.gastrorrhaphie.] (Surg.) The operation of sewing up wounds of the abdomen. Quincy. Gastroscope Gas"tro*scope (?), n. [Gastro- + -scope.] (Med.) An instrument for viewing or examining the interior of the stomach. Gastroscopic Gas`tro*scop"ic (?), a. Of or pertaining to gastroscopy. Gastroscopy Gas*tros"co*py (?), n. (Med.) Examination of the abdomen or stomach, as with the gastroscope. Gastrosplenic Gas`tro*splen"ic (?), n. [Gastro- + splenic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the stomach and spleen; as, the gastrosplenic ligament. Gastrostege Gas*tros"tege (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr. (Zo\'94l.) One of the large scales on the belly of a serpent. Gastrostomy Gas*tros"to*my (?), n. [Gastro- + Gr. (Surg.) The operation of making a permanent opening into the stomach, for the introduction of food. Gastrotomy Gas*trot"o*my (?), n. [Gastro + Gr. gastrotomie.] (Surg.) A cutting into, or opening of, the abdomen or the stomach. Gastrotricha Gas*trot"ri*cha (?), n. pl., [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A group of small wormlike animals, having cilia on the ventral side. The group is regarded as an ancestral or synthetic one, related to rotifers and annelids. Gastrotrocha Gas*trot"ro*cha (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A form of annelid larva having cilia on the ventral side. Gastrovascular Gas`tro*vas"cu*lar (?), a. [Gastro- + -vascular.] (Zo\'94l.) Having the structure, or performing the functions, both of digestive and circulatory organs; as, the gastrovascular cavity of c&oe;lenterates. Gastrula Gas"tru*la (?), n.; pl. Gastrul\'91 (#) [NL., dim. fr. Gr. (Biol.) An embryonic form having its origin in the invagination or pushing in of the wall of the planula or blastula (the blastosphere) on one side, thus giving rise to a double-walled sac, with one opening or mouth (the blastopore) which leads into the cavity (the archenteron) lined by the inner wall (the hypoblast). See Illust. under Invagination. In a more general sense, an ideal stage in embryonic development. See Gastr\'91a. -- a. Of or pertaining to a gastrula. _________________________________________________________________ Page 615 Gastrulation Gas`tru*la"tion (?), n. (Biol.) The process of invagination, in embryonic development, by which a gastrula is formed. Gastrura Gas*tru"ra (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Stomatopoda. Gastrurous Gas*tru"rous (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining to the Gastrura. Gat Gat (?), imp. of Get. [Obs.] Gate Gate (?), n. [OE. et, , giat, gate, door, AS. geat, gat, gate, door; akin to OS., D., & Icel. gat opening, hole, and perh. to E. gate a way, gait, and get, v. Cf. Gate a way in the wall, 3d Get.] 1. A large door or passageway in the wall of a city, of an inclosed field or place, or of a grand edifice, etc.; also, the movable structure of timber, metal, etc., by which the passage can be closed. 2. An opening for passage in any inclosing wall, fence, or barrier; or the suspended framework which closes or opens a passage. Also, figuratively, a means or way of entrance or of exit. Knowest thou the way to Dover? Both stile and gate, horse way and footpath. Shak. Opening a gate for a long war. Knolles. 3. A door, valve, or other device, for stopping the passage of water through a dam, lock, pipe, etc. 4. (Script.) The places which command the entrances or access; hence, place of vantage; power; might. The gates of hell shall not prevail against it. Matt. xvi. 18. 5. In a lock tumbler, the opening for the stump of the bolt to pass through or into. 6. (Founding) (a) The channel or opening through which metal is poured into the mold; the ingate. (b) The waste piece of metal cast in the opening; a sprue or sullage piece. [Written also geat and git.] Gate chamber, a recess in the side wall of a canal lock, which receives the opened gate. -- Gate channel. See Gate, 5. -- Gate hook, the hook-formed piece of a gate hinge. -- Gate money, entrance money for admission to an inclosure. -- Gate tender, one in charge of a gate, as at a railroad crossing. -- Gate valva, a stop valve for a pipe, having a sliding gate which affords a straight passageway when open. -- Gate vein (Anat.), the portal vein. -- To break gates (Eng. Univ.), to enter a college inclosure after the hour to which a student has been restricted. -- To stand in the gate, OR gates, to occupy places or advantage, power, or defense. Gate Gate, v. t. 1. To supply with a gate. 2. (Eng. Univ.) To punish by requiring to be within the gates at an earlier hour than usual. Gate Gate, n. [Icel. gata; akin to SW. gata street, lane, Dan. gade, Goth. gatw\'94, G. gasse. Cf. Gate a door, Gait.] 1. A way; a path; a road; a street (as in Highgate). [O. Eng. & Scot.] I was going to be an honest man; but the devil has this very day flung first a lawyer, and then a woman, in my gate. Sir W. Scott. 2. Manner; gait. [O. Eng. & Scot.] Gated Gat"ed (?), a. Having gates. Young. Gatehouse Gate"house` (?), n. A house connected or associated with a gate. Gateless Gate"less, a. Having no gate. Gateman Gate"man (?), n. A gate keeper; a gate tender. Gatepost Gate"post` (?), n. 1. A post to which a gate is hung; -- called also swinging OR hinging post. 2. A post against which a gate closes; -- called also shutting post. Gateway Gate"way` (?), n. A passage through a fence or wall; a gate; also, a frame, arch, etc., in which a gate in hung, or a structure at an entrance or gate designed for ornament or defense. Gatewise Gate"wise` (?), adv. In the manner of a gate. Three circles of stones set up gatewise. Fuller. Gather Gath"er (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gathered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gathering.] [OE. gaderen, AS. gaderian, gadrian, fr. gador, geador, together, fr. g\'91d fellowship; akin to E. good, D. gaderen to collect, G. gatte husband, MHG. gate, also companion, Goth. gadiliggs a sister's son. &root;29. See Good, and cf. Together.] 1. To bring together; to collect, as a number of separate things, into one place, or into one aggregate body; to assemble; to muster; to congregate. And Belgium's capital had gathered them Her beauty and her chivalry. Byron. When he had gathered all the chief priests and scribes of the people together. Matt. ii. 4. 2. To pick out and bring together from among what is of less value; to collect, as a harvest; to harvest; to cull; to pick off; to pluck. A rose just gathered from the stalk. Dryden. Do men gather grapes of thorns, or figs of thistles? Matt. vii. 16. Gather us from among the heathen. Ps. cvi. 47. 3. To accumulate by collecting and saving little by little; to amass; to gain; to heap up. He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance, he shall gather it for him that will pity the poor. Prov. xxviii. 8. To pay the creditor . . . he must gather up money by degrees. Locke. 4. To bring closely together the parts or particles of; to contract; to compress; to bring together in folds or plaits, as a garment; also, to draw together, as a piece of cloth by a thread; to pucker; to plait; as, to gather a ruffle. Gathering his flowing robe, he seemed to stand In act to speak, and graceful stretched his hand. Pope. 5. To derive, or deduce, as an inference; to collect, as a conclusion, from circumstances that suggest, or arguments that prove; to infer; to conclude. Let me say no moreGather the sequel by that went before. Shak. 6. To gain; to win. [Obs.] He gathers ground upon her in the chase. Dryden. 7. (Arch.) To bring together, or nearer together, in masonry, as where the width of a fireplace is rapidly diminished to the width of the flue, or the like. 8. (Naut.) To haul in; to take up; as, to gather the slack of a rope. To be gathered to one's people, OR to one's fathers to die. Gen. xxv. 8. -- To gather breath, to recover normal breathing after being out of breath; to get breath; to rest. Spenser. -- To gather one's self together, to collect and dispose one's powers for a great effort, as a beast crouches preparatory to a leap. -- To gather way (Naut.), to begin to move; to move with increasing speed. Gather Gath"er (?), v. i. 1. To come together; to collect; to unite; to become assembled; to congregate. When small humors gather to a gout. Pope. Tears from the depth of some divine despair Rise in the heart, and gather to the eyes. Tennyson. 2. To grow larger by accretion; to increase. Their snowball did not gather as it went. Bacon. 3. To concentrate; to come to a head, as a sore, and generate pus; as, a boil has gathered. 4. To collect or bring things together. Thou knewest that I reap where I sowed not, and gather where I have not strewed. Matt. xxv. 26. Gather Gath"er, n. 1. A plait or fold in cloth, made by drawing a thread through it; a pucker. 2. (Carriage Making) The inclination forward of the axle journals to keep the wheels from working outward. 3. (Arch.) The soffit or under surface of the masonry required in gathering. See Gather, v. t., 7. Gatherable Gath"er*a*ble (?), a. Capable of being gathered or collected; deducible from premises. [R.] Godwin. Gatherer Gath"er*er (?), n. 1. One who gathers or collects. 2. (Sewing Machine) An attachment for making gathers in the cloth. Gathering Gath"er*ing, n. 1. The act of collecting or bringing together. 2. That which is gathered, collected, or brought together; as: (a) A crowd; an assembly; a congregation. (b) A charitable contribution; a collection. (c) A tumor or boil suppurated or maturated; an abscess. Gathering Gath"er*ing, a. Assembling; collecting; used for gathering or concentrating. Gathering board (Bookbinding), a table or board on which signatures are gathered or assembled, to form a book. Knight. -- Gathering coal, a lighted coal left smothered in embers over night, about which kindling wood is gathered in the morning. -- Gathering hoop, a hoop used by coopers to draw together the ends of barrel staves, to allow the hoops to be slipped over them. -- Gathering peat. (a) A piece of peat used as a gathering coal, to preserve a fire. (b) In Scotland, a fiery peat which was sent round by the Borderers as an alarm signal, as the fiery cross was by the Highlanders. Gatling gun Gat"ling gun` (. [From the inventor, R.J. Gatling.] An American machine gun, consisting of a cluster of barrels which, being revolved by a crank, are automatically loaded and fired. NOTE: &hand; Th e im proved Gatling gun can be fired at the rate of 1,200 shots per minute. Farrow. Gatten tree Gat"ten tree` (?). [Cf. Prov. E. gatter bush.] (Bot.) A name given to the small trees called guelder-rose (Viburnum Opulus), cornel (Cornus sanguinea), and spindle tree (Euonymus Europ\'91us). Gat-toothed Gat"-toothed` (?), a. [OE. gat goat + tooth. See Goat the animal.] Goat-toothed; having a lickerish tooth; lustful; wanton. [Obs.] Gauche Gauche (?), n. [F.] 1. Left handed; hence, awkward; clumsy. 2. (Geom.) Winding; twisted; warped; -- applied to curves and surfaces. Gaucherie Gauche`rie" (?), n. [F.] An awkward action; clumsiness; boorishness. Gaucho Gau"cho (?), n., pl. Gauchos ( [Sp.] On of the native inhabitants of the pampas, of Spanish-American descent. They live mostly by rearing cattle. Gaud Gaud (?), n. [OE. gaude jest, trick, gaudi bead of a rosary, fr. L. gaudium joy, gladness. See Joy.] 1. Trick; jest; sport. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Deceit; fraud; artifice; device. [Obs.] Chaucer. 3. An ornament; a piece of worthless finery; a trinket. "An idle gaud." Shak. Gaud Gaud, v. i. [Cf. F. se gaudir to rejoice, fr. L. gaudere. See Gaud, n.] To sport or keep festival. [Obs.] "Gauding with his familiars. " [Obs.] Sir T. North. Gaud Gaud, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gauded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gauding.] To bedeck gaudily; to decorate with gauds or showy trinkets or colors; to paint. [Obs.] "Nicely gauded cheeks." Shak. Gaud-day Gaud"-day` (?), n. See Gaudy, a feast. Gaudery Gaud"er*y (?), n. Finery; ornaments; ostentatious display. [R.] "Tarnished gaudery." Dryden. Gaudful Gaud"ful (?), a. Joyful; showy. [Obs.] Gaudily Gaud"i*ly (?), adv. In a gaudy manner. Guthrie. Gaudiness Gaud"i*ness, n. The quality of being gaudy. Whitlock. Gaudish Gaud"ish, a. Gaudy. "Gaudish ceremonies." Bale. Gaudless Gaud"less, a. Destitute of ornament. [R.] Gaudy Gaud"y (?), a. [Compar. Gaudier (?); superl. Gauidiest.] 1. Ostentatiously fine; showy; gay, but tawdry or meretricious. Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy, But not expressed in fancy; rich, not gaudy. Shak. 2. Gay; merry; festal. Tennyson. Let's have one other gaudy night. Shak. Gaudy Gaud"y, n.; pl. Gaudies (#) [See Gaud, n.] One of the large beads in the rosary at which the paternoster is recited. [Obs.] Gower. Gaudy Gaud"y, n. A feast or festival; -- called also gaud-day and gaudy day. [Oxford Univ.] Conybeare. Gaudygreen Gaud"y*green` (?), a. OR n. [OE. gaude grene.] Light green. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser. Gauffer Gauf"fer (?), v. t. [F. gaufrer to figure cloth, velvet, and other stuffs, fr. gaufre honeycomb, waffle; of German origin. See Waffle, Wafer, and cf. Goffer, Gopher an animal.] To plait, crimp, or flute; to goffer, as lace. See Goffer. Gauffering Gauf"fer*ing (?), n. A mode of plaiting or fluting. Gauffering iron, a kind of fluting iron for fabrics. -- Gauffering press (Flower Manuf.), a press for crimping the leaves and petals into shape. Gauffre Gauf"fre (?), n. [See Gopher.] (Zo\'94l.) A gopher, esp. the pocket gopher. Gauge Gauge (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gauged (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gauging (?)] [OF. gaugier, F. jauger, cf. OF. gauge gauge, measuring rod, F. jauge; of uncertain origin; perh. fr. an assumed L. qualificare to determine the qualities of a thing (see Qualify); but cf. also F. jalon a measuring stake in surveying, and E. gallon.] >[Written also gage.] 1. To measure or determine with a gauge. 2. To measure or to ascertain the contents or the capacity of, as of a pipe, barrel, or keg. 3. (Mech.) To measure the dimensions of, or to test the accuracy of the form of, as of a part of a gunlock. The vanes nicely gauged on each side. Derham. 4. To draw into equidistant gathers by running a thread through it, as cloth or a garment. 5. To measure the capacity, character, or ability of; to estimate; to judge of. You shall not gauge me By what we do to-night. Shak. Gauge Gauge, n. [Written also gage.] 1. A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard. This plate must be a gauge to file your worm and groove to equal breadth by. Moxon. There is not in our hands any fixed gauge of minds. I. Taylor. 2. Measure; dimensions; estimate. The gauge and dimensions of misery, depression, and contempt. Burke. 3. (Mach. & Manuf.) Any instrument for ascertaining or regulating the dimensions or forms of things; a templet or template; as, a button maker's gauge. 4. (Physics) Any instrument or apparatus for measuring the state of a phenomenon, or for ascertaining its numerical elements at any moment; -- usually applied to some particular instrument; as, a rain gauge; a steam gauge. 5. (Naut.) (a) Relative positions of two or more vessels with reference to the wind; as, a vessel has the weather gauge of another when on the windward side of it, and the lee gauge when on the lee side of it. (b) The depth to which a vessel sinks in the water. Totten. 6. The distance between the rails of a railway. NOTE: &hand; Th e st andard gauge of railroads in most countries is four feet, eight and one half inches. Wide, or broad, gauge, in the United States, is six feet; in England, seven feet, and generally any gauge exceeding standard gauge. Any gauge less than standard gauge is now called narrow gauge. It varies from two feet to three feet six inches. 7. (Plastering) The quantity of plaster of Paris used with common plaster to accelerate its setting. 8. (Building) That part of a shingle, slate, or tile, which is exposed to the weather, when laid; also, one course of such shingles, slates, or tiles. Gauge of a carriage, car, etc., the distance between the wheels; -- ordinarily called the track. -- Gauge cock, a stop cock used as a try cock for ascertaining the height of the water level in a steam boiler. -- Gauge concussion (Railroads), the jar caused by a car-wheel flange striking the edge of the rail. -- Gauge glass, a glass tube for a water gauge. -- Gauge lathe, an automatic lathe for turning a round object having an irregular profile, as a baluster or chair round, to a templet or gauge. -- Gauge point, the diameter of a cylinder whose altitude is one inch, and contents equal to that of a unit of a given measure; -- a term used in gauging casks, etc. -- Gauge rod, a graduated rod, for measuring the capacity of barrels, casks, etc. -- Gauge saw, a handsaw, with a gauge to regulate the depth of cut. Knight. -- Gauge stuff, a stiff and compact plaster, used in making cornices, moldings, etc., by means of a templet. -- Gauge wheel, a wheel at the forward end of a plow beam, to determine the depth of the furrow. -- Joiner's gauge, an instrument used to strike a line parallel to the straight side of a board, etc. -- Printer's gauge, an instrument to regulate the length of the page. -- Rain gauge, an instrument for measuring the quantity of rain at any given place. -- Salt gauge, or Brine gauge, an instrument or contrivance for indicating the degree of saltness of water from its specific gravity, as in the boilers of ocean steamers. -- Sea gauge, an instrument for finding the depth of the sea. -- Siphon gauge, a glass siphon tube, partly filled with mercury, -- used to indicate pressure, as of steam, or the degree of rarefaction produced in the receiver of an air pump or other vacuum; a manometer. -- Sliding gauge. (Mach.) (a) A templet or pattern for gauging the commonly accepted dimensions or shape of certain parts in general use, as screws, railway-car axles, etc. (b) A gauge used only for testing other similar gauges, and preserved as a reference, to detect wear of the working gauges. (c) (Railroads) See Note under Gauge, n., 5. -- Star gauge (Ordnance), an instrument for measuring the diameter of the bore of a cannon at any point of its length. -- Steam gauge, an instrument for measuring the pressure of steam, as in a boiler. -- Tide gauge, an instrument for determining the height of the tides. -- Vacuum gauge, a species of barometer for determining the relative elasticities of the vapor in the condenser of a steam engine and the air. -- Water gauge. (a) A contrivance for indicating the height of a water surface, as in a steam boiler; as by a gauge cock or glass. (b) The height of the water in the boiler. -- Wind gauge, an instrument for measuring the force of the wind on any given surface; an anemometer. -- Wire gauge, a gauge for determining the diameter of wire or the thickness of sheet metal; also, a standard of size. See under Wire. _________________________________________________________________ Page 616 Gaugeable Gauge"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being gauged. Gauged Gauged (?), p. a. Tested or measured by, or conformed to, a gauge. Gauged brick, brick molded, rubbed, or cut to an exact size and shape, for arches or ornamental work. -- Gauged mortar. See Gauge stuff, under Gauge, n. Gauger Gau"ger (?), n. One who gauges; an officer whose business it is to ascertain the contents of casks. Gauger-ship Gau"ger-ship, n. The office of a gauger. Gauging rod Gau"ging rod`. See Gauge rod, under Gauge, n. Gaul Gaul (?), n. [F. Gaule, fr. L. Gallia, fr. Gallus a Gaul.] 1. The Anglicized form of Gallia, which in the time of the Romans included France and Upper Italy (Transalpine and Cisalpine Gaul). 2. A native or inhabitant of Gaul. Gaulish Gaul"ish (?), a. Pertaining to ancient France, or Gaul; Gallic. [R.] Gault Gault (?), n. [Cf. Norw. gald hard ground, Icel. gald hard snow.] (Geol.) A series of beds of clay and marl in the South of England, between the upper and lower greensand of the Cretaceous period. Gaultheria Gaul*the"ri*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) A genus of ericaceous shrubs with evergreen foliage, and, often, edible berries. It includes the American winter-green (Gaultheria procumbens), and the larger-fruited salal of Northwestern America (Gaultheria Shallon). Gaunt Gaunt (?), a. [Cf. Norw. gand a thin pointed stick, a tall and thin man, and W. gwan weak.] Attenuated, as with fasting or suffering; lean; meager; pinched and grim. "The gaunt mastiff." Pope. A mysterious but visible pestilence, striding gaunt and fleshless across our land. Nichols. Gauntlet Gaunt"let (?), n. (Mil.) See Gantlet. Gauntlet Gaunt"let (?), n. [F. gantelet, dim. of gant glove, LL. wantus, of Teutonic origin; cf. D. want, Sw. & Dan. vante, Icel. v\'94ttr, for vantr.] 1. A glove of such material that it defends the hand from wounds. NOTE: &hand; The gauntlet of the Middle Ages was sometimes of chain mail, sometimes of leather partly covered with plates, scales, etc., of metal sewed to it, and, in the 14th century, became a glove of small steel plates, carefully articulated and covering the whole hand except the palm and the inside of the fingers. 2. A long glove, covering the wrist. 3. (Naut.) A rope on which hammocks or clothes are hung for drying. To take up the gauntlet, to accept a challenge. -- To throw down the gauntlet, to offer or send a challenge. The gauntlet or glove was thrown down by the knight challenging, and was taken up by the one who accepted the challenge; -- hence the phrases. Gauntletted Gaunt"lett*ed, a. Wearing a gauntlet. Gauntly Gaunt"ly, adv. In a gaunt manner; meagerly. Gauntree, Gauntry Gaun"tree (?), Gaun"try (?), n. [F. chantier, LL. cantarium, fr. L. canterius trellis, sort of frame.] 1. A frame for supporting barrels in a cellar or elsewhere. Sir W. Scott. 2. (Engin.) A scaffolding or frame carrying a crane or other structure. Knight. Gaur Gaur (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) An East Indian species of wild cattle (Bibos gauris), of large size and an untamable disposition. [Spelt also gour.] Gaure Gaure (?), v. i. To gaze; to stare. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gauze Gauze (?), n. [F. gaze; so called because it was first introduced from Gaza, a city of Palestine.] A very thin, slight, transparent stuff, generally of silk; also, any fabric resembling silk gauze; as, wire gauze; cotton gauze. Gauze dresser, one employed in stiffening gauze. Gauze Gauze, a. Having the qualities of gauze; thin; light; as, gauze merino underclothing. Gauziness Gauz"i*ness (?), n. The quality of being gauzy; flimsiness. Ruskin. Gauzy Gauz"y (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, gauze; thin and slight as gauze. Gave Gave (?), imp. of Give. Gavel Gav"el (?), n. A gable. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Gavel Gav"el, n. [OF. gavelle, F. javelle, prob. dim. from L. capulus handle, fr. capere to lay hold of, seize; or cf. W. gafael hold, grasp. Cf. Heave.] A small heap of grain, not tied up into a bundle. Wright. Gavel Gav"el, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] 1. The mallet of the presiding officer in a legislative body, public assembly, court, masonic body, etc. 2. A mason's setting maul. Knight. Gavel Gav"el, n. [OF. gavel, AS. gafol, prob. fr. gifan to give. See Give, and cf. Gabel tribute.] (Law) Tribute; toll; custom. [Obs.] See Gabel. Cowell. Gavelet Gav"el*et (?), n. [From Gavel tribute.] (O. Eng. Law) An ancient special kind of cessavit used in Kent and London for the recovery of rent. [Obs.] Gavelkind Gav"el*kind` (?), n. [OE. gavelkynde, gavelkende. See Gavel tribute, and Kind, n.] (O. Eng. Law) A tenure by which land descended from the father to all his sons in equal portions, and the land of a brother, dying without issue, descended equally to his brothers. It still prevails in the county of Kent. Cowell. Gaveloche Gav"e*loche (?), n. Same as Gavelock. Gavelock Gav"e*lock (?), n. [OE. gaveloc a dart, AS. gafeluc; cf. Icel. gaflok, MHG. gabil, OF. gavelot, glavelot, F. javelot, Ir. gabhla spear, W. gaflach fork, dart, E. glave, gaff] 1. A spear or dart. [R. & Obs.] 2. An iron crow or lever. [Scot. & North of Eng.] Gaverick Ga"ver*ick (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European red gurnard (Trigla cuculus). [Prov. Eng.] Gavi\'91 Ga"vi\'91 (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. gavia a sea mew.] (Zo\'94l.) The division of birds which includes the gulls and terns. Gavial Ga"vi*al (?), n. [Hind. ghariu: cf. F. gavial.] (Zo\'94l.) A large Asiatic crocodilian (Gavialis Gangeticus); -- called also nako, and Gangetic crocodile. NOTE: &hand; The gavial has a long, slender muzzle, teeth of nearly uniform size, and feet completely webbed. It inhabits the Ganges and other rivers of India. The name is also applied to several allied fossil species. Gavot Gav"ot (? OR ?; 277), n. [F. gavotte, fr. Gavots, a people inhabiting a mountainous district in France, called Gap.] (Mus.) A kind of difficult dance; a dance tune, the air of which has two brisk and lively, yet dignified, strains in common time, each played twice over. [Written also gavotte.] Gawby Gaw"by (?), n. A baby; a dunce. [Prov. Eng.] Gawk Gawk (?), n. [OE. gok, gowk, cuckoo, fool, Icel. gaukr cuckoo; akin to OHG. gouh, G. gauch cuckoo, fool, AS. g\'82ac cuckoo, Sw. g\'94k, Dan. gi\'94g] 1. A cuckoo. Johnson. 2. A simpleton; a booby; a gawky. Carlyle. Gawk Gawk, v. i. To act like a gawky. Gawky Gawk"y (?), a. [Compar. Gawkier (?); superl. Gawkiest.] Foolish and awkward; clumsy; clownish; as, gawky behavior. -- n. A fellow who is awkward from being overgrown, or from stupidity, a gawk. Gawn Gawn (?), n. [Corrupted fr. gallon.] A small tub or lading vessel. [Prov. Eng.] Johnson. Gawntree Gawn"tree (?), n. See Gauntree. Gay Gay (?), a. [Compar. Gayer (?); superl. Gayest.] [F. gai, perhaps fr. OHG. g swift, rapid, G. g\'84h, j\'84h, steep, hasty; or cf. OHG. w beatiful, good. Cf. Jay.] 1. Excited with merriment; manifesting sportiveness or delight; inspiring delight; livery; merry. Belinda smiled, and all the world was gay. Pope. Gay hope is theirs by fancy fed. Gray. 2. Brilliant in colors; splendid; fine; richly dressed. Why is my neighbor's wife so gay? Chaucer. A bevy of fair women, richly gay In gems and wanton dressMilton. 3. Loose; dissipated; lewd. [Colloq.] Syn. -- Merry; gleeful; blithe; airy; lively; sprightly, sportive; light-hearted; frolicsome; jolly; jovial; joyous; joyful; glad; showy; splendid; vivacious. Gay Gay, n. An ornament [Obs.] L'Estrange. Gayal Gay"al (?), n. [Native name.] (Zo\'94l.) A Southern Asiatic species of wild cattle (Bibos frontalis). Gaydiang Gay"di*ang (?), n. (Naut.) A vessel of Anam, with two or three masts, lofty triangular sails, and in construction somewhat resembling a Chinese junk. Gayety Gay"e*ty (?), n.; pl. Gayeties (. [Written also gaiety.] [F. gaiet\'82. See Gay, a.] 1. The state of being gay; merriment; mirth; acts or entertainments prompted by, or inspiring, merry delight; -- used often in the plural; as, the gayeties of the season. 2. Finery; show; as, the gayety of dress. Syn. -- Liveliness; mirth; animation; vivacity; glee; blithesomeness; sprightliness; jollity. See Liveliness. Gaylus-site Gay"lus-site` (?), n. [Named after Gay-Lussac, the French chemist.] (Min.) A yellowish white, translucent mineral, consisting of the carbonates of lime and soda, with water. Gayly Gay"ly (?), adv. 1. With mirth and frolic; merrily; blithely; gleefully. 2. Finely; splendidly; showily; as, ladies gayly dressed; a flower gayly blooming. Pope. Gayne Gayne (?), v. i. [See Gain.] To avail. [Obs.] Gayness Gay"ness (?), n. Gayety; finery. [R.] Gaysome Gay"some (?), a. Full of gayety. Mir. for Mag. Gaytre Gay"tre (?), n. [See Gaitre.] The dogwood tree. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gaze Gaze (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gazed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gazing.] [OE. gasen, akin to dial. Sw. gasa, cf. Goth. us-gaisjan to terrify, us-geisnan to be terrified. Cf. Aghast, Ghastly, Ghost, Hesitate.] To fixx the eyes in a steady and earnest look; to look with eagerness or curiosity, as in admiration, astonishment, or with studious attention. Why stand ye gazing up into heaven? Acts i. 11. Syn. -- To gape; stare; look. -- To Gaze, Gape, Stare. To gaze is to look with fixed and prolonged attention, awakened by excited interest or elevated emotion; to gape is to look fixedly, with open mouth and feelings of ignorant wonder; to stare is to look with the fixedness of insolence or of idiocy. The lover of nature gazes with delight on the beauties of the landscape; the rustic gapes with wonder at the strange sights of a large city; the idiot stares on those around with a vacant look. Gaze Gaze, v. t. To view with attention; to gaze on . [R.] And gazed a while the ample sky. Milton. Gaze Gaze, n. 1. A fixed look; a look of eagerness, wonder, or admiration; a continued look of attention. With secret gaze Or open admiration him behold. Milton. 2. The object gazed on. Made of my enemies the scorn and gaze. Milton. At gaze (a) (Her.) With the face turned directly to the front; -- said of the figures of the stag, hart, buck, or hind, when borne, in this position, upon an escutcheon. (b) In a position expressing sudden fear or surprise; -- a term used in stag hunting to describe the manner of a stag when he first hears the hounds and gazes round in apprehension of some hidden danger; hence, standing agape; idly or stupidly gazing. I that rather held it better men should perish one by one, Than that earth should stand at gaze like Joshua's moon in Ajalon! Tennyson. Gazeebo Ga*zee"bo (?), n. [Humorously formed from gaze.] A summerhouse so situated as to command an extensive prospect. [Colloq.] Gazeful Gaze"ful (?), a. Gazing. [R.] Spenser. Gazehound Gaze"hound` (?), n. A hound that pursues by the sight rather than by the scent. Sir W. Scott. Gazel Ga"zel (?), n. The black currant; also, the wild plum. [Prov. Eng.] Gazel Ga*zel" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Gazelle. Gazelle Ga*zelle" (?), n. [F. gazelle, OF. also, gazel; cf. Sp. gacela, Pr. gazella, It. gazella; all fr. Ar. ghaz a wild goat.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several small, swift, elegantly formed species of antelope, of the genus Gazella, esp. G. dorcas; -- called also algazel, corinne, korin, and kevel. The gazelles are celebrated for the luster and soft expression of their eyes. [Written also gazel.] <-- subtypes --> NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon sp ecies of No rthern Af rica (G azella dorcas); the Arabian gazelle, or ariel (G. Arabica); the mohr of West Africa (G. mohr); the Indian (G. Bennetti); the ahu or Persian (G. subgutturosa); and the springbok or tsebe (G. euchore) of South Africa, are the best known. Gazement Gaze"ment (?), n. View. [Obs.] Spenser. Gazer Gaz"er (?), n. One who gazes. Gazet Ga*zet (?), n. [It.. gazeta, gazzetta, prob. dim. of L. gaza royal treasure.] A Venetian coin, worth about three English farthings, or one and a half cents. [Obs.] Gazette Ga*zette" (?), n. [F. gazette, It. gazzetta, perh. from gazetta a Venetian coin (see Gazet), said to have been the price of the first newspaper published at Venice; or perh. dim. of gazza magpie, a name perh. applied to the first newspaper; cf. OHG. agalstra magpie, G. elster.] A newspaper; a printed sheet published periodically; esp., the official journal published by the British government, and containing legal and state notices. Gazette Ga*zette", v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gazetted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gazetting.] To announce or publish in a gazette; to announce officially, as an appointment, or a case of bankruptcy. Gazetteer Gaz`et*teer" (?), n. [Cf. F. gazetier.] 1. A writer of news, or an officer appointed to publish news by authority. Johnson. 2. A newspaper; a gazette. [Obs.] Burke. 3. A geographical dictionary; a book giving the names and descriptions, etc., of many places. 4. An alphabetical descriptive list of anything. Gazingstock Gaz"ing*stock` (?), n. A person or thing gazed at with scorn or abhorrence; an object of curiosity or contempt. Bp. Hall. Gazogene Gaz"o*gene (?), n. [F. gazog\'8ane; gaz gas + -g\'8ane, E. -gen.] A portable apparatus for making soda water or a\'89rated liquids on a small scale. Knight. Gazon Ga*zon" (?), n. [F. gazon turf, fr. OHG. waso, G. wasen.] (Fort.) One of the pieces of sod used to line or cover parapets and the faces of earthworks. Ge- Ge- (?). An Anglo-Saxon prefix. See Y-. Geal Geal (?), v. i. [F. geler, fr. L. gelare, fr. gelu. See Gelid.] To congeal. [Obs. or Scot.] Gean Gean (?), n. [F. guigne the fruit of the gean; cf. OHG. w\'c6hsila, G. weichsel.] (Bot.) A species of cherry tree common in Europe (Prunus avium); also, the fruit, which is usually small and dark in color. Geanticlinal Ge`an*ti*cli"nal (?), n. [Gr. anticlinal.] (Geol.) An upward bend or flexure of a considerable portion of the earth's crust, resulting in the formation of a class of mountain elevations called anticlinoria; -- opposed to geosynclinal. Gear Gear (?), n. [OE. gere, ger, AS. gearwe clothing, adornment, armor, fr. gearo, gearu, ready, yare; akin to OHG. garaw\'c6, garw\'c6 ornament, dress. See Yare, and cf. Garb dress.] 1. Clothing; garments; ornaments. Array thyself in thy most gorgeous gear. Spenser. 2. Goods; property; household stuff. Chaucer. Homely gear and common ware. Robynson (More's Utopia) 3. Whatever is prepared for use or wear; manufactured stuff or material. Clad in a vesture of unknown gear. Spenser. 4. The harness of horses or cattle; trapping. 5. Warlike accouterments. [Scot.] Jamieson. 6. Manner; custom; behavior. [Obs.] Chaucer. 7. Business matters; affairs; concern. [Obs.] Thus go they both together to their gear. Spenser. 8. (Mech.) (a) A toothed wheel, or cogwheel; as, a spur gear, or a bevel gear; also, toothed wheels, collectively. (b) An apparatus for performing a special function; gearing; as, the feed gear of a lathe. (c) Engagement of parts with each other; as, in gear; out of gear. 9. pl. (Naut.) See 1st Jeer (b). 10. Anything worthless; stuff; nonsense; rubbish. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Wright. That servant of his that confessed and uttered this gear was an honest man. Latimer. Bever gear. See Bevel gear. -- Core gear, a mortise gear, or its skeleton. See Mortise wheel, under Mortise. -- Expansion gear (Steam Engine), the arrangement of parts for cutting off steam at a certain part of the stroke, so as to leave it to act upon the piston expansively; the cut-off. See under Expansion. -- Feed gear. See Feed motion, under Feed, n. -- Gear cutter, a machine or tool for forming the teeth of gear wheels by cutting. -- Gear wheel, any cogwheel. -- Running gear. See under Running. -- To throw in, OR out of, gear (Mach.), to connect or disconnect (wheelwork or couplings, etc.); to put in, or out of, working relation. _________________________________________________________________ Page 617 Gear Gear (?) v. t. [imp. & p. p. Geared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gearing.] 1. To dress; to put gear on; to harness. 2. (Mach.) To provide with gearing. Double geared, driven through twofold compound gearing, to increase the force or speed; -- said of a machine. Gear Gear, v. i. (Mach.) To be in, or come into, gear. Gearing Gear"ing, n. 1. Harness. 2. (Mach.) The parts by which motion imparted to one portion of an engine or machine is transmitted to another, considered collectively; as, the valve gearing of locomotive engine; belt gearing; esp., a train of wheels for transmitting and varying motion in machinery. Frictional gearing. See under Frictional. -- Gearing chain, an endless chain transmitted motion from one sprocket wheel to another. See Illust. of Chain wheel. -- Spur gearing, gearing in which the teeth or cogs are ranged round either the concave or the convex surface (properly the latter) of a cylindrical wheel; -- for transmitting motion between parallel shafts, etc. Geason Gea"son (?), a. [OE. gesen, geson, rare, scanty, AS. g barren, wanting. Cf. Geest.] Rare; wonderful. [Obs.] Spenser. Geat Geat (?), n. [See Gate a door.] (Founding) The channel or spout through which molten metal runs into a mold in casting. [Written also git, gate.] Gecarcinian Ge`car*cin"i*an (?), n. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) A land crab of the genus Gecarcinus, or of allied genera. Geck Geck (?), n. [D. gek fool, fop; akin to G. geck; cf. Icel. gikkr a pert, rude person.] 1. Scorn, derision, or contempt. [Prov. Eng.] 2. An object of scorn; a dupe; a gull. [Obs.] To become the geck and scorn O'the other's villainy. Shak. Geck Geck, v. t. [Cf. OD. ghecken, G. gecken. See Geck, n.] 1. To deride; to scorn; to mock. [Prov. Eng.] 2. To cheat; trick, or gull. [Obs.] Johnson. Geck Geck, v. i. To jeer; to show contempt. Sir W. Scott. Gecko Geck"o (?), n.; pl. Geckoes (#). [Cf. F. & G. gecko; -- so called from the sound which the animal utters.] (Zo\'94l.) Any lizard of the family Geckonid\'91. The geckoes are small, carnivorous, mostly nocturnal animals with large eyes and vertical, elliptical pupils. Their toes are generally expanded, and furnished with adhesive disks, by which they can run over walls and ceilings. They are numerous in warm countries, and a few species are found in Europe and the United States. See Wall gecko, Fanfoot. Geckotian Geck*o"tian (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A gecko. Ged, Gedd Ged, Gedd (, n. The European pike. Gee Gee (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Geeing.] 1. To agree; to harmonize. [Colloq. or Prov. Eng.] Forby. 2. [Cf. G. j\'81, interj., used in calling to a horse, It. gi\'95, F. dia, used to turn a horse to the left.] To turn to the off side, or from the driver (i.e., in the United States, to the right side); -- said of cattle, or a team; used most frequently in the imperative, often with off, by drivers of oxen, in directing their teams, and opposed to haw, or hoi. [Written also jee.] NOTE: &hand; In England, the teamster walks on the right-hand side of the cattle; in the United States, on the left-hand side. In all cases, however, gee means to turn from the driver, and haw to turn toward him. Gee ho, OR Gee whoa. Same as Gee. Gee Gee, v. t. [See Gee to turn.] To cause (a team) to turn to the off side, or from the driver. [Written also jee.] Geer, Geering Geer (?), Geer"ing. [Obs.] See Gear, Gearing. Geese Geese (?), n., pl. of Goose. Geest Geest (?), n. [Cf. LG. geest, geestland, sandy, dry and, OFries. g&emac;st, g&amac;st, g&emac;stlond, g&amac;stlond, fr. Fries. g&amac;st barren. Cf. Geason.] Alluvial matter on the surface of land, not of recent origin. R. Jameson. Geet Geet (?), n. [See Jet.] Jet. [Obs.] Chaucer. Geez Geez (?), n. The original native name for the ancient Ethiopic language or people. See Ethiopic. Gehenna Ge*hen"na (?), n. [L. Gehenna, Gr. G.] (Jewish Hist.) The valley of Hinnom, near Jerusalem, where some of the Israelites sacrificed their children to Moloch, which, on this account, was afterward regarded as a place of abomination, and made a receptacle for all the refuse of the city, perpetual fires being kept up in order to prevent pestilential effluvia. In the New Testament the name is transferred, by an easy metaphor, to Hell. The pleasant valley of Hinnom. Tophet thence And black Gehenna called, the type of Hell. Milton. Geic Ge"ic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, earthy or vegetable mold. Geic acid. (Chem.) See Humin. Gein Ge"in (?), n. [Gr. (Chem.) See Humin. Geissler tube Geis"sler tube` (?). (Elec.) A glass tube provided with platinum electrodes, and containing some gas under very low tension, which becomes luminous when an electrical discharge is passed through it; -- so called from the name of a noted maker in germany. It is called also Pl\'81cker tube, from the German physicist who devised it. Geitonogamy Gei"to*nog"a*my (?), n. [Gr. (Bot.) Fertilization of flowers by pollen from other flowers on the same plant. Gelable Gel"a*ble (?), a. [L. gelare to congeal: cf. F. gelable. See Geal.] Capable of being congealed; capable of being converted into jelly. Gelada Gel"a*da (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A baboon (Gelada Ruppelli) of Abyssinia, remarkable for the length of the hair on the neck and shoulders of the adult male. Gelastic Ge*las"tic (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to laughter; used in laughing. "Gelastic muscles." Sir T. Browne. Gelatification Ge*lat"i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [Gelatin + L. -ficare. (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] (Physiol. Chem.) The formation of gelatin. Gelatigenous Gel`a*tig"e*nous (?), n. [Gelatin + -genous.] (Physiol. Chem.) Producing, or yielding, gelatin; gelatiniferous; as, the gelatigeneous tissues. Gelatin, Gelatine Gel"a*tin, Gel"a*tine (, n. [F. g\'82latine, fr. L. gelare to congeal. See Geal.] (Chem.) Animal jelly; glutinous material obtained from animal tissues by prolonged boiling. Specifically (Physiol. Chem.), a nitrogeneous colloid, not existing as such in the animal body, but formed by the hydrating action of boiling water on the collagen of various kinds of connective tissue (as tendons, bones, ligaments, etc.). Its distinguishing character is that of dissolving in hot water, and forming a jelly on cooling. It is an important ingredient of calf's-foot jelly, isinglass, glue, etc. It is used as food, but its nutritious qualities are of a low order. NOTE: &hand; Both spellings, gelatin and gelatine, are in good use, but the tendency of writers on physiological chemistry favors the form in -in, as in the United States Dispensatory, the United States Pharmacop\'d2ia, Fownes' Watts' Chemistry, Brande & Cox's Dictionary. Blasting gelatin, an explosive, containing about ninety-five parts of nitroglycerin and five of collodion. -- Gelatin process, a name applied to a number of processes in the arts, involving the use of gelatin. Especially: (a) (Photog.) A dry-plate process in which gelatin is used as a substitute for collodion as the sensitized material. This is the dry-plate process in general use, and plates of extreme sensitiveness are produced by it. (b) (Print.) A method of producing photographic copies of drawings, engravings, printed pages, etc., and also of photographic pictures, which can be printed from in a press with ink, or (in some applications of the process) which can be used as the molds of stereotype or electrotype plates. (c) (Print. or Copying) A method of producing facsimile copies of an original, written or drawn in aniline ink upon paper, thence transferred to a cake of gelatin softened with glycerin, from which impressions are taken upon ordinary paper. -- Vegetable gelatin. See Gliadin. Gelatinate Ge*lat"i*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gelatinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gelatinating.] To convert into gelatin, or into a substance resembling jelly. Gelatinate Ge*lat"i*nate, v. i. To be converted into gelatin, or into a substance like jelly. Lapis lazuli, if calcined, does not effervesce, but gelatinates with the mineral acids. Kirwan. Gelatination Ge*lat`i*na"tion (?), n. The act of process of converting into gelatin, or a substance like jelly. Gelatine Gel"a*tine (?), n. Same as Gelatin. Gelatiniferous Gel`a*tin*if"er*ous (?), a. [Gelatin + -ferous.] (Physiol. Chem.) Yielding gelatin on boiling with water; capable of gelatination. Gelatiniform Gel`a*tin"i*form (?), a. Having the form of gelatin. Gelatinization Ge*lat`i*ni*za"tion (?), n. Same as Gelatination. Gelatinize Ge*lat"i*nize (?), v. t. 1. To convert into gelatin or jelly. Same as Gelatinate, v. t. 2. (Photog.) To coat, or otherwise treat, with gelatin. Gelatinize Ge*lat"i*nize (?), v. i. Same as Gelatinate, v. i. Gelatinous Ge*lat"i*nous (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82latineux.] Of the nature and consistence of gelatin or the jelly; resembling jelly; viscous. Gelation Ge*la"tion (?), n. [L. gelatio a freezing, fr. gelare to freeze.] (Astron.) The process of becoming solid by cooling; a cooling and solidifying. Geld Geld (?), n. [AS. gild, gield, geld, tribute, payment, fr. gieldan to pay, render. See Yield.] Money; tribute; compensation; ransom.[Obs.] NOTE: &hand; Th is wo rd occurs in old law books in composition, as in danegeld, or danegelt, a tax imposed by the Danes; weregeld, compensation for the life of a man, etc. Geld Geld (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gelded or Gelt (p. pr. & vb. n. Gelding.] [Icel. gelda to castrate; akin to Dan. gilde, Sw. g\'84lla, and cf. AS. gilte a young sow, OHG. galt dry, not giving milk, G. gelt, Goth. gilpa siclke.] 1. To castrate; to emasculate. 2. To deprive of anything essential. Bereft and gelded of his patrimony. Shak. 3. To deprive of anything exceptionable; as, to geld a book, or a story; to expurgate. [Obs.] Dryden. Geldable Geld"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being gelded. Geldable Geld"a*ble, a. [From Geld money.] Liable to taxation. [Obs.] Burrill. Gelder Geld"er (?), n. One who gelds or castrates. Gelder-rose Gel"der-rose (?), n. Same as Guelder-rose. Gelding Geld"ing (?), n. [Icel. gelding a gelding, akin to geldingr wether, eunuch, Sw. g\'84lling gelding, Dan. gilding eunuch. See Geld, v. t.] A castrated animal; -- usually applied to a horse, but formerly used also of the human male. They went down both into the water, Philip and the gelding, and Philip baptized him. Wyclif (Acts viii. 38). Gelding Geld"ing, p. pr. a. & vb. n.. from Geld, v. t. Gelid Gel"id (?), a. [L. gelidus, fr. gelun frost, cold. See Cold, and cf. Congeal, Gelatin, Jelly.] Cold; very cold; frozen. "Gelid founts." Thompson. Gelidity Ge*lid"i*ty (?), n. The state of being gelid. Gelidly Gel"id*ly (?), adv. In a gelid manner; coldly. Gelidness Gel"id*ness, n. The state of being gelid; gelidity. Gelly Gel"ly (?), n. Jelly. [Obs.] Spenser. Geloscopy Ge*los"copy (?), n. [Gr. -scopy.] Divination by means of laughter. Gelose Ge*lose" (?), n. [See Gelatin.] (Chem.) An amorphous, gummy carbohydrate, found in Gelidium, agar-agar, and other seaweeds. Gelsemic Gel*se"mic (?), a. Gelseminic. Gelsemine Gel"se*mine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from the yellow jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens), as a bitter white semicrystalline substance; -- called also gelsemia. Gelseminic Gel`se*min"ic (?), n. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, the yellow jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens); as, gelseminic acid, a white crystalline substance resembling esculin. Gelsemium Gel*se"mium (?), n. [NL., fr. It. gelsomino jasmine.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of climbing plants. The yellow (false) jasmine (Gelsemium sempervirens) is a native of the Southern United States. It has showy and deliciously fragrant flowers. 2. (Med.) The root of the yellow jasmine, used in malarial fevers, etc. Gelt Gelt (?), n. [See 1st Geld.] Trubute, tax. [Obs.] All these the king granted unto them . . . free from all gelts and payments, in a most full and ample manner. Fuller. Gelt Gelt, n. [See Gelt, v. t.] A gelding. [Obs.] Mortimer. Gelt Gelt, n. Gilding; tinsel. [Obs.] Spenser. Gem Gem (?), n. [OE. gemme precious stone, F. gemme, fr. L. gemma a precious stone, bud.] 1. (Bot.) A bud. From the joints of thy prolific stem A swelling knot is raised called a gem. Denham. 2. A precious stone of any kind, as the ruby, emerald, topaz, sapphire, beryl, spinel, etc., especially when cut and polished for ornament; a jewel. Milton. 3. Anything of small size, or expressed within brief limits, which is regarded as a gem on account of its beauty or value, as a small picture, a verse of poetry, a witty or wise saying. Artificial gem, an imitation of a gem, made of glass colored with metallic oxide. Cf. Paste, and Strass. Gem Gem v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gemmed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gemming] 1. To put forth in the form of buds. "Gemmed their blossoms." [R.] Milton. 2. To adorn with gems or precious stones. 3. To embellish or adorn, as with gems; as, a foliage gemmed with dewdrops. England is . . . gemmed with castles and palaces. W. Irving. Gemara Ge*ma"ra (?), n. [Heb.] (Jewish Law) The second part of the Talmud, or the commentary on the Mishna (which forms the first part or text). Gemaric Ge*mar"ic (?), a. Pertaining to the Gemara. Gemarist Ge*ma"rist (?), n. One versed in the Gemara, or adhering to its teachings. Gemel Gem"el (?), a. [OF. gemel twin, F. jumeau, L. gemellus twin, doubled, dim. of geminus. See Gemini, and cf. Gimmal.] (Her.) Coupled; paired. Bars gemel (Her.), two barrulets placed near and parallel to each other. Gemel Gem"el (?), n. 1. One of the twins. [Obs.] Wyclif. 2. (Heb.) One of the barrulets placed parallel and closed to each other. Cf. Bars gemel, under Gemel, a. Two gemels silver between two griffins passant. Strype. Gemel hinge (Locksmithing), a hinge consisting of an eye or loop and a hook. -- Gemel ring, a ring with two or more links; a gimbal. See Gimbal. -- Gemel window, a window with two bays. Gemellipa-rous Gem`el*lip"a-rous (?), a. [L. gemellipara, fem., gemellus twin + parere to bear, produce.] Producing twins. [R.] Bailey. Geminal Gem"i*nal (?), a. [L. geminus twin.] A pair. [Obs.] Drayton. Geminate Gem"i*nate (?), a. [L. geminatus, p.p. of genimare to double. See Gemini.] (Bot.) In pairs or twains; two together; binate; twin; as, geminate flowers. Gray. Geminate Gem"i*nate (?), v. t. To double. [R.] B. Jonson. Gemination Gem`i*na"tion (?), n. [L. geminatio.] A doubling; duplication; repetition. [R.] Boyle. Gemini Gem"i*ni (?), n. pl. [L., twins, pl. of geminus; cf. Skr. j related as brother or sister.] (Astron.) A constellation of the zodiac, containing the two bright stars Castor and Pollux; also, the third sign of the zodiac, which the sun enters about May 20th. Geminiflorous Gem`i*ni*flo"rous (?), a. [L. geminus twin + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) Having the flowers arranged in pairs. Geminous Gem"i*nous (?), a. [L. geminus.] Double; in pairs. Sir T. Browne. Geminy Gemi*ny (?), n. [See Gemini.] Twins; a pair; a couple. [Obs.] Shak. Gemitores Gem`i*to"res (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. L. gemere, gemitum, to sign, moan.] (Zo\'94l.) A division of birds including the true pigeons. Gemma Gem"ma (?), n.; pl. Gemm\'91 (#). [L., a bud.] 1. (Bot.) A leaf bud, as distinguished from a flower bud. 2. (Biol.) A bud spore; one of the small spores or buds in the reproduction of certain Protozoa, which separate one at a time from the parent cell. Gemmaceous Gem*ma"ceous (?), a. Of or pertaining to gems or to gemm\'91; of the nature of, or resembling, gems or gemm\'91. Gemmary Gem"ma*ry (?), a. [L. gemmarius. See Gem.] Of or pertaining to gems. _________________________________________________________________ Page 618 Gemmary Gem"ma*ry (?), n. A receptacle for jewels or gems; a jewel house; jewels or gems, collectively. Gemmate Gem"mate (?), a. [L. gemmatus, p. p. of gemmare to put forth buds, fr. gemma bud.] (Bot.) Having buds; reproducing by buds. Gemmated Gem"ma*ted (?), a. Having buds; adorned with gems or jewels. Gemmation Gem*ma"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. gemmation.] 1. (Biol.) The formation of a new individual, either animal or vegetable, by a process of budding; an asexual method of reproduction; gemmulation; gemmiparity. See Budding. 2. (Bot.) The arrangement of buds on the stalk; also, of leaves in the bud. Gemmeous Gem"me*ous (?), a. [L. gemmeus. See Gem.] Pertaining to gems; of the nature of gems; resembling gems. Pennant. Gemmiferous Gem*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. gemma bud + -ferous: cf. F. gemmif\'8are.] Producing gems or buds; (Biol.) multiplying by buds. Gemmification Gem`mi*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. gemma bud + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] (Biol.) The production of a bud or gem. Gemmiflorate Gem`mi*flo"rate (?), a. [L. gemma bud + flos, floris, flower.] (Bot.) Having flowers like buds. Gemminess Gem"mi*ness (?), n. The state or quality of being gemmy; spruceness; smartness. Gemmipara Gemmipares Gem*mip"a*ra (?) Gem*mip"a*res (?) n. pl. [NL., fr. L. gemma bud + parere to produce.] (Zo\'94l.) Animals which increase by budding, as hydroids. Gemmiparity Gem`mi*par"i*ty (?), n. (Biol.) Reproduction by budding; gemmation. See Budding. Gemmiparous Gem*mip"a*rous (?), a. [Cf. F. gemmipare.] (Biol.) Producing buds; reproducing by buds. See Gemmation, 1. Gemmosity Gem*mos"i*ty (?), n. [L. gemmosus set with jewels. See Gem.] The quality or characteristics of a gem or jewel. [Obs.] Bailey. Gemmulation Gem`mu*la"tion (?), n. [From L. gemmula, dim. of gemma bud.] (Biol.) See Gemmation. Gemmule Gem"mule (?), n. [L. gemmula, dim. of gemma: cf. F. gemmule. See Gem.] 1. (Bot.) (a) A little leaf bud, as the plumule between the cotyledons. (b) One of the buds of mosses. (c) One of the reproductive spores of alg\'91. (d) An ovule. 2. (Biol.) (a) A bud produced in generation by gemmation. (b) One of the imaginary granules or atoms which, according to Darwin's hypothesis of pangenesis, are continually being thrown off from every cell or unit, and circulate freely throughout the system, and when supplied with proper nutriment multiply by self-division and ultimately develop into cells like those from which they were derived. They are supposed to be transmitted from the parent to the offspring, but are often transmitted in a dormant state during many generations and are then developed. See Pangenesis. Gemmuliferous Gem`mu*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Gemmule + -ferous.] Bearing or producing gemmules or buds. Gemmy Gem"my (?), a. [From Gem, n.] 1. Full of gems; bright; glittering like a gem. The gemmy bridle glittered free. Tennyson. 2. Spruce; smart. [Colloq. Eng.] Gemote Ge*mote" (?), n. [As. gem an assembly. See Meet, v. t.] (AS. Hist.) A meeting; -- used in combination, as, Witenagemote, an assembly of the wise men. Gems Gems (?), n. [G.] (Zo\'94l.) The chamois. Gemsbok Gems"bok (?), n. [D.; akin to G. gemsbock the male or buck of the chamois; gemse chamois, goat of the Alps + bock buck.] (Zo\'94l.) A South African antelope (Oryx Capensis), having long, sharp, nearly straight horns. Gems-horn Gems"-horn` (?), n. [G., prop., chamois horn.] (Mus.) An organ stop with conical tin pipes. Gemul Ge*mul" (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small South American deer (Furcifer Chilensis), with simple forked horns. [Written also guemul.] -gen -gen (?). [(1) From Gr. -gen-, from the same root as ge`nos race, stock (see Genus). (2) From Gr. suffix -genh`s born. Cf. F. -g\'8ane.] 1. A suffix used in scientific words in the sense of producing, generating: as, amphigen, amidogen, halogen. 2. A suffix meaning produced, generated; as, exogen. Gena Ge"na (?), [L., the cheek.] (Zo\'94l.) (a) The cheek; the feathered side of the under mandible of a bird. (b) The part of the head to which the jaws of an insect are attached. Genappe Ge*nappe" (?), n. [From Genappe, in Belgium.] A worsted yarn or cord of peculiar smoothness, used in the manufacture of braid, fringe, etc. Simmonds. Gendarme Gen`darme" (?), n.; pl. Gendarmes (#), or Gens d'armes. [F.] 1. (Mil.) One of a body of heavy cavalry. [Obs.] [France] 2. An armed policeman in France. Thackeray. Gendarmery Gen*darm"er*y (?), n. [F. gendarmerie.] The body of gendarmes. Gender Gen"der (?), n. [OF. genre, gendre (with excrescent d.), F.genre, fr. L. genus, generis, birth, descent, race, kind, gender, fr. the root of genere, gignere, to beget, in pass., to be born, akin to E. kin. See Kin, and cf. Generate, Genre, Gentle, Genus.] 1. Kind; sort. [Obs.] "One gender of herbs." Shak. 2. Sex, male or female. [Obs. or Colloq.] 3. (Gram.) A classification of nouns, primarily according to sex; and secondarily according to some fancied or imputed quality associated with sex. Gender is a grammatical distinction and applies to words only. Sex is natural distinction and applies to living objects. R. Morris. NOTE: &hand; Ad jectives an d pr onouns ar e said to vary in gender when the form is varied according to the gender of the words to which they refer. Gender Gen"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gendered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gendering.] [OF. gendrer, fr. L. generare. See Gender, n.] To beget; to engender. Gender Gen"der, v. i. To copulate; to breed. [R.] Shak. Genderless Gen"der*less, a. Having no gender. Geneagenesis Gen`e*a*gen"e*sis (?), n. [Gr. genesis.] (Biol.) Alternate generation. See under Generation. Genealogic Gen`e*a*log"ic (?), a. Genealogical. Genealogical Gen`e*a*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82n\'82alogique.] Of or pertaining to genealogy; as, a genealogical table; genealogical order. -- Gen`e*a*log"ic*al*ly, adv. Genealogical tree, a family lineage or genealogy drawn out under the form of a tree and its branches. Genealogist Gen`e*al"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. g\'82n\'82alogiste.] One who traces genealogies or the descent of persons or families. Genealogize Gen`e*al"o*gize (?), v. i. To investigate, or relate the history of, descents. Genealogy Gen`e*al"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Genealogies (#). [OE. genealogi, genelogie, OF. genelogie, F. g\'82n\'82alogie, L. genealogia, fr. Gr. genus) + 1. An account or history of the descent of a person or family from an ancestor; enumeration of ancestors and their children in the natural order of succession; a pedigree. 2. Regular descent of a person or family from a progenitor; pedigree; lineage. Genearch Gen"e*arch (?), n. [Gr. The chief of a family or tribe. Genera Gen"e*ra (?), n. pl. See Genus. Generability Gen`er*a*bil"i*ty (?), n. Capability of being generated. Johnstone. Generable Gen"er*a*ble (?), a. [L. generabilis.] Capable of being generated or produced. Bentley. General Gen"er*al (?), a. [F. g\'82n\'82ral, fr. L. generalis. See Genus.] 1. Relating to a genus or kind; pertaining to a whole class or order; as, a general law of animal or vegetable economy. 2. Comprehending many species or individuals; not special or particular; including all particulars; as, a general inference or conclusion. 3. Not restrained or limited to a precise import; not specific; vague; indefinite; lax in signification; as, a loose and general expression. 4. Common to many, or the greatest number; widely spread; prevalent; extensive, though not universal; as, a general opinion; a general custom. This general applause and cheerful sShak. 5. Having a relation to all; common to the whole; as, Adam, our general sire. Milton. 6. As a whole; in gross; for the most part. His general behavior vain, ridiculous. Shak. 7. Usual; common, on most occasions; as, his general habit or method. NOTE: &hand; The word general, annexed to a name of office, usually denotes chief or superior; as, attorney-general; adjutant general; commissary general; quartermaster general; vicar-general, etc. General agent (Law), an agent whom a principal employs to transact all his business of a particular kind, or to act in his affairs generally. -- General assembly. See the Note under Assembly. -- General average, General Court. See under Average, Court. -- General court-martial (Mil.), the highest military and naval judicial tribunal. -- General dealer (Com.), a shopkeeper who deals in all articles in common use. -- General demurrer (Law), a demurrer which objects to a pleading in general terms, as insufficient, without specifying the defects. Abbott. -- General epistle, a canonical epistle. -- General guides (Mil.), two sergeants (called the right, and the left, general guide) posted opposite the right and left flanks of an infantry battalion, to preserve accuracy in marching. Farrow. -- General hospitals (Mil.), hospitals established to receive sick and wounded sent from the field hospitals. Farrow. General issue (Law), an issue made by a general plea, which traverses the whole declaration or indictment at once, without offering any special matter to evade it. Bouvier. Burrill. -- General lien (Law), a right to detain a chattel, etc., until payment is made of any balance due on a general account. -- General officer (Mil.), any officer having a rank above that of colonel. -- General orders (Mil.), orders from headquarters published to the whole command. -- General practitioner, in the United States, one who practices medicine in all its branches without confining himself to any specialty; in England, one who practices both as physician and as surgeon. -- General ship, a ship not chartered or let to particular parties. -- General term (Logic), a term which is the sign of a general conception or notion. -- General verdict (Law), the ordinary comprehensive verdict in civil actions, "for the plaintiff" or "for the defendant". Burrill. -- General warrant (Law), a warrant, now illegal, to apprehend suspected persons, without naming individuals. Syn. General, Common, Universal. Common denotes primarily that in which many share; and hence, that which is often met with. General is stronger, denoting that which pertains to a majority of the individuals which compose a genus, or whole. Universal, that which pertains to all without exception. To be able to read and write is so common an attainment in the United States, that we may pronounce it general, though by no means universal. Gen"er*al (?), n. [F. g\'82n\'82ral. See General., a.] 1. The whole; the total; that which comprehends or relates to all, or the chief part; -- opposed to particular. In particulars our knowledge begins, and so spreads itself by degrees to generals. Locke. 2. (Mil.) One of the chief military officers of a government or country; the commander of an army, of a body of men not less than a brigade. In European armies, the highest military rank next below field marshal. NOTE: &hand; In the United States the office of General of the Army has been created by temporary laws, and has been held only by Generals U. S. Grant, W. T. Sherman, and P. H. Sheridan. <-- = 5-star general. Eisenhower? MacArthur? Pershing? -->Popularly, the title General is given to various general officers, as General, Lieutenant general, Major general, Brigadier general, Commissary general, etc. See Brigadier general, Lieutenant general, Major general, in the Vocabulary. 3. (Mil.) The roll of the drum which calls the troops together; as, to beat the general. 4. (Eccl.) The chief of an order of monks, or of all the houses or congregations under the same rule. 5. The public; the people; the vulgar. [Obs.] Shak. In general, in the main; for the most part. Generalia Gen`e*ra"li*a (?), n. pl. [Neut. pl., fr. L. generalis.] Generalities; general terms. J. S. Mill. Generalissimo Gen`er*al*is"si*mo (?), n. [It., superl. of generale general. See General, a.] The chief commander of an army; especially, the commander in chief of an army consisting of two or more grand divisions under separate commanders; -- a title used in most foreign countries. Generality Gen`er*al"i*ty (?), n.; pl. Generalities (#). [L. generalitas: cf. F. g\'82n\'82ralit\'82. Cf. Generalty.] 1. The state of being general; the quality of including species or particulars. Hooker. 2. That which is general; that which lacks specificalness, practicalness, or application; a general or vague statement or phrase. Let us descend from generalities to particulars. Landor. The glittering and sounding generalities of natural right which make up the Declaration of Independence. R. Choate. 3. The main body; the bulk; the greatest part; as, the generality of a nation, or of mankind. Generalizable Gen"er*al*i`za*ble (?), a. Capable of being generalized, or reduced to a general form of statement, or brought under a general rule. Extreme cases are . . . not generalizable. Coleridge Generalization Gen`er*al*i*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. g\'82n\'82ralisation.] 1. The act or process of generalizing; the act of bringing individuals or particulars under a genus or class; deduction of a general principle from particulars. Generalization is only the apprehension of the one in the many. Sir W. Hamilton. 2. A general inference. Generalize Gen"er*al*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Generalized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Generalizing (?).] [Cf. F. g\'82n\'82raliser.] 1. To bring under a genus or under genera; to view in relation to a genus or to genera. Copernicus generalized the celestial motions by merely referring them to the moon's motion. Newton generalized them still more by referring this last to the motion of a stone through the air. W. Nicholson. 2. To apply to other genera or classes; to use with a more extensive application; to extend so as to include all special cases; to make universal in application, as a formula or rule. When a fact is generalized, our discontent is quited, and we consider the generality itself as tantamount to an explanation. Sir W. Hamilton. 3. To derive or deduce (a general conception, or a general principle) from particulars. A mere conclusion generalized from a great multitude of facts. Coleridge. Generalize Gen"er*al*ize, v. i. To form into a genus; to view objects in their relations to a genus or class; to take general or comprehensive views. Generalized Gen"er*al*ized (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Comprising structural characters which are separated in more specialized forms; synthetic; as, a generalized type. Generalizer Gen"er*al*i`zer (, n. One who takes general or comprehensive views. Tyndall. Generally Gen"er*al*ly, adv. 1. In general; commonly; extensively, though not universally; most frequently. 2. In a general way, or in general relation; in the main; upon the whole; comprehensively. Generally speaking, they live very quietly. Addison. 3. Collectively; as a whole; without omissions. [Obs.] I counsel that all Israel be generally gathered unto thee. 2 Sam. xvii. ll. Generalness Gen"er*al*ness, n. The condition or quality of being general; frequency; commonness. Sir P. Sidney. Generalship Gen"er*al*ship, n. 1. The office of a general; the exercise of the functions of a general; -- sometimes, with the possessive pronoun, the personality of a general. Your generalship puts me in mind of Prince Eugene. Goldsmith. 2. Military skill in a general officer or commander. 3. Fig.: Leadership; management. An artful stroke of generalship in Trim to raise a dust. Sterne. Generalty Gen"er*al*ty (?), n. Generality. [R.] Sir M. Hale. Generant Gen"er*ant (?), a. [L. generans, p. pr. of generare.] Generative; producing; esp. (Geom.), acting as a generant. Generant Gen"er*ant, n. 1. That which generates. Glanvill. 2. (Geom.) A generatrix. Generate Gen"er*ate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Generated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Generating.] [L. generatus, p. p. of generare to generate, fr. genus. See Genus, Gender.] 1. To beget; to procreate; to propagate; to produce (a being similar to the parent); to engender; as, every animal generates its own species. 2. To cause to be; to bring into life. Milton. 3. To originate, especially by a vital or chemical process; to produce; to cause. Whatever generates a quantity of good chyle must likewise generate milk. Arbuthnot. 4. (Math.) To trace out, as a line, figure, or solid, by the motion of a point or a magnitude of inferior order. _________________________________________________________________ Page 619 Generation Gen`er*a"tion (?), n. [OE. generacioun, F. g\'82n\'82ration, fr.L. generatio.] 1. The act of generating or begetting; procreation, as of animals. 2. Origination by some process, mathematical, chemical, or vital; production; formation; as, the generation of sounds, of gases, of curves, etc. 3. That which is generated or brought forth; progeny; offspiring. 4. A single step or stage in the succession of natural descent; a rank or remove in genealogy. Hence: The body of those who are of the same genealogical rank or remove from an ancestor; the mass of beings living at one period; also, the average lifetime of man, or the ordinary period of time at which one rank follows another, or father is succeeded by child, usually assumed to be one third of a century; an age. This is the book of the generations of Adam. Gen. v. 1. Ye shall remain there [in Babylon] many years, and for a long season, namely, seven generations. Baruch vi. 3. All generations and ages of the Christian church. Hooker. 5. Race; kind; family; breed; stock. Thy mother's of my generation; what's she, if I be a dog? Shak. 6. (Geom.) The formation or production of any geometrical magnitude, as a line, a surface, a solid, by the motion, in accordance with a mathematical law, of a point or a magnitude; as, the generation of a line or curve by the motion of a point, of a surface by a line, a sphere by a semicircle, etc. 7. (Biol.) The aggregate of the functions and phenomene which attend reproduction. NOTE: &hand; Th ere ar e fo ur mo des of ge neration in the animal kingdom: scissiparity or by fissiparous generation, gemmiparity or by budding, germiparity or by germs, and oviparity or by ova. Alternate generation (Biol.), alternation of sexual with asexual generation, in which the products of one process differ from those of the other, -- a form of reproduction common both to animal and vegetable organisms. In the simplest form, the organism arising from sexual generation produces offspiring unlike itself, agamogenetically. These, however, in time acquire reproductive organs, and from their impregnated germs the original parent form is reproduced. In more complicated cases, the first series of organisms produced agamogenetically may give rise to others by a like process, and these in turn to still other generations. Ultimately, however, a generation is formed which develops sexual organs, and the original form is reproduced. -- Spontaneous generation (Biol.), the fancied production of living organisms without previously existing parents from inorganic matter, or from decomposing organic matter, a notion which at one time had many supporters; abiogenesis. Generative Gen"er*a*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82n\'82ratif.] Having the power of generating, propagating, originating, or producing. "That generative particle." Bentley. Generator Gen"er*a`tor (?), n. [L.] 1. One who, or that which, generates, begets, causes, or produces. 2. An apparatus in which vapor or gas is formed from a liquid or solid by means of heat or chemical process, as a steam boiler, gas retort, or vessel for generating carbonic acid gas, etc. 3. (Mus.) The principal sound or sounds by which others are produced; the fundamental note or root of the common chord; -- called also generating tone. Generatrix Gen`er*a"trix (?), n.; pl. L. Generatrices (#), E. Generatrixes (#). [L.] (Geom.) That which generates; the point, or the mathematical magnitude, which, by its motion, generates another magnitude, as a line, surface, or solid; -- called also describent. Generic, Generical Ge*ner"ic (?), Ge*ner"ic*al (?), a. [L. genus, generis, race, kind: cf. F. g\'82n\'82rique. See Gender.] 1. (Biol.) Pertaining to a genus or kind; relating to a genus, as distinct from a species, or from another genus; as, a generic description; a generic difference; a generic name. 2. Very comprehensive; pertaining or appropriate to large classes or their characteristics; -- opposed to specific. Generically Ge*ner"ic*al*ly, adv. With regard to a genus, or an extensive class; as, an animal generically distinct from another, or two animals or plants generically allied. Genericalness Ge*ner"ic*al*ness, n. The quality of being generic. Generification Ge*ner`i*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. genus kind, class + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] The act or process of generalizing. Out of this the universal is elaborated by generification. Sir W. Hamilton. Generosity Gen`er*os"i*ty (?), n. [L. generositas: cf. F. g\'82n\'82rosit\'82.] 1. Noble birth. [Obs.] Harris (Voyages). 2. The quality of being noble; noble-mindedness. Generosity is in nothing more seen than in a candid estimation of other men's virtues and good qualities. Barrow. 3. Liberality in giving; munificence. Syn. -- Magnanimity; liberality. Generous Gen"er*ous (?), a. [F. g\'82n\'82reux, fr. L. generous of noble birth, noble, excellent, magnanimous, fr. genus birth, race: cf. It. generoso. See 2d Gender.] 1. Of honorable birth or origin; highborn. [Obs.] The generous and gravest citizens. Shak. 2. Exhibiting those qualities which are popularly reregarded as belonging to high birth; noble; honorable; magnanimous; spirited; courageous. "The generous critic." Pope. "His generous spouse." Pope. "A generous pack [of hounds]." Addison. 3. Open-handed; free to give; not close or niggardly; munificent; as, a generous friend or father. 4. Characterized by generosity; abundant; overflowing; as, a generous table. Swift. 5. Full of spirit or strength; stimulating; exalting; as, generous wine. Syn. -- Magnanimous; bountiful. See Liberal. -- Gen"er*ous*ly, adv. -- Gen"er*ous*ness, n. Genesee epoch Gen`e*see" ep"och (?). (Geol.) The closing subdivision of the Hamilton period in the American Devonian system; -- so called because the formations of this period crop out in Genesee, New York. Genesial Ge*ne"sial (?), a. Of or relating to generation. Genesiolgy Ge*ne`si*ol"gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The doctrine or science of generation. Genesis Gen"e*sis (?), n. [L., from Gr. genus birth, race. See Gender.] 1. The act of producing, or giving birth or origin to anything; the process or mode of originating; production; formation; origination. The origin and genasis of poor Sterling's club. Carlyle. 2. The first book of the Old Testament; -- so called by the Greek translators, from its containing the history of the creation of the world and of the human race. 3. (Geom.) Same as Generation. Genet, Genette Gen"et (?), Ge*nette" (, n. [F. genette, Sp. gineta, fr. Ar. jarnei 1. (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of small Carnivora of the genus Genetta, allied to the civets, but having the scent glands less developed, and without a pouch. NOTE: &hand; Th e co mmon ge net (G enetta vu lgaris) of So uthern Europe, Asia Minor, and North Africa, is dark gray, spotted with black. The long tail is banded with black and white. The Cape genet (G. felina), and the berbe (G. pardina), are related African species. 2. The fur of the common genet (Genetta vulgaris); also, any skin dressed in imitation of this fur. Genet Gen"et (?), n. [See Jennet.] A small-sized, well-proportioned, Spanish horse; a jennet. Shak. Genethliac Ge*neth"li*ac (?), a. [L. genethliacus, Gr. Pertaining to nativities; calculated by astrologers; showing position of stars at one's birth. Howell. Genethliac Ge*neth"li*ac, n. 1. A birthday poem. 2. One skilled in genethliacs. Genethliacal Gen`eth*li"a*cal (?), a. Genethliac. Genethliacs Ge*neth"li*acs (?), n. The science of calculating nativities, or predicting the future events of life from the stars which preside at birth. Jhonson. Genethlialogy Ge*neth`li*al"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. Divination as to the destinies of one newly born; the act or art of casting nativities; astrology. Genethliatic Ge*neth`li*at"ic (?), n. One who calculates nativities. Sir W. Drummond. Genetic Ge*net"ic (?), a. Same as Genetical. Genetical Ge*net"ic*al (?), a. [See Genesis.] Pertaining to, concerned with, or determined by, the genesis of anything, or its natural mode of production or development. This historical, genetical method of viewing prior systems of philosophy. Hare. Genetically Ge*net"ic*al*ly, adv. In a genetical manner. Geneva Ge*ne"va (?), n. The chief city of Switzerland. Geneva Bible, a translation of the Bible into English, made and published by English refugees in Geneva (Geneva, 1560; London, 1576). It was the first English Bible printed in Roman type instead of the ancient black letter, the first which recognized the division into verses, and the first which ommited the Apocrypha. In form it was a small quarto, and soon superseded the large folio of Cranmer's translation. Called also Genevan Bible. -- Geneva convention (Mil.), an agreement made by representatives of the great continental powers at Geneva and signed in 1864, establishing new and more humane regulation regarding the treatment of the sick and wounded and the status of those who minister to them in war. Ambulances and military hospitals are made neutral, and this condition affects physicians, chaplains, nurses, and the ambulance corps. Great Britain signed the convention in 1865. -- Geneva cross (Mil.), a red Greek cross on a white ground; -- the flag and badge adopted in the Geneva convention. Geneva Ge*ne"va (?), n. [F. geni\'8avre juniper, juniper berry, gin, OF. geneivre juniper, fr. L. juniperus the juniper tree: cf. D. jenever, fr. F. geni\'8avre. See Juniper, and cf. Gin a liquor.] A strongly alcoholic liquor, flavores with juniper berries; -- made in Holland; Holland gin; Hollands. Genevan Ge*ne"van (?), a. Of or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevese. Genevan Ge*ne"van, n. 1. A native or inhabitant of Geneva. 2. A supported of Genevanism. Genevanism Ge*ne"van*ism (?), n. [From Geneva, where Calvin resided.] Strict Calvinism. Bp. Montagu. Genevese Gen`e*vese" (?), a. [Cf. L. Genevensis, F. g\'82nevois.] Of or pertaining to Geneva, in Switzerland; Genevan. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Geneva; collectively, the inhabitants of Geneva; people of Geneva. Genial Ge*ni"al (?), a. (Anat.) Same as Genian. Genial Gen"ial (?), a. [L. genialis: cf. OF. genial. See Genius.] 1. Contributing to, or concerned in, propagation or production; generative; procreative; productive. "The genial bed." Milton. Creator Venus, genial power of love. Dryden. 2. Contributing to, and sympathizing with, the enjoyment of life; sympathetically cheerful and cheering; jovial and inspiring joy or happiness; exciting pleasure and sympathy; enlivening; kindly; as, she was of a cheerful and genial disposition. So much I feel my genial spirits droop. Milton. 3. Belonging to one's genius or natural character; native; natural; inborn. [Obs.] Natural incapacity and genial indisposition. Sir T. Browne. 4. Denoting or marked with genius [R.] Men of genius have often attached the highest value to their less genial works. Hare. Genial gods (Pagan Mythol.), the powers supposed to preside over marriage and generation. Geniality Ge`ni*al"i*ty (?), n. [L. genialitas.] The quality of being genial; sympathetic cheerfulness; warmth of disposition and manners. Genially Gen"ial*ly (?), adv. 1. By genius or nature; naturally. [Obs.] Some men are genially disposed to some opinions. Glanvill. 2. Gayly; cheerfully. Johnson. Genialness Gen"ial*ness, n. The quality of being genial. Genian Ge*ni"an (?), a. [Gr. Chin.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the chin; mental; as, the genian prominence. Geniculate Ge*nic"u*late (?), a. [L. geniculatus, fr. geniculum little knee, knot or joint, dim. of genu knee. See Knee.] Bent abruptly at an angle, like the knee when bent; as, a geniculate stem; a geniculate ganglion; a geniculate twin crystal. Geniculate Ge*nic"u*late (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Geniculated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Geniculating.] To form joints or knots on. [R.] Cockeram. Geniculated Ge*nic"u*la`ted (?), a. Same as Geniculate. Geniculation Ge*nic`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. geniculatio a kneeling.] 1. The act of kneeling. [R.] Bp. Hall. 2. The state of being bent abruptly at an angle. G\'82nie G\'82`nie (?), n. [F.] See Genius. Genio Ge"ni*o (?), n. [It. See Genius.] A man of a particular turn of mind. [R.] Tatler. Geniohyoid Ge`ni*o*hy"oid (?), a. [Gr. hyoid.] (Anat.) Of or pertaining to the chin and hyoid bone; as, the geniohyoid muscle. Genipap Gen"i*pap (?), n. (Bot.) The edible fruit of a West Indian tree (Genipa Americana) of the order Rubiace\'91. It is oval in shape, as a large as a small orange, of a pale greenish color, and with dark purple juice. Genista Ge*nis"ta (?), n. [L., broom.] (Bot.) A genus of plants including the common broom of Western Europe. Genital Gen"i*tal (?), a. [L. genitalis, fr. genere, gignere, to beget: cf. F. g\'82nital. See Gender.] Pertaining to generation, or to the generative organs. Genital cord (Anat.), a cord developed in the fetus by the union of portions of the Wolffian and M\'81llerian ducts and giving rise to parts of the urogenital passages in both sexes. Genitals Gen"i*tals (?), n. pl. [From Genital, a.: cf. L. genitalia.] The organs of generation; the sexual organs; the private parts. Geniting Gen"i*ting (?), n. [See Jenneting.] A species of apple that ripens very early. Bacon. Genitival Gen`i*ti"val (?), a. Possessing genitive from; pertaining to, or derived from, the genitive case; as, a genitival adverb. -- Gen`i*ti"val*ly, adv. Genitive Gen"i*tive (?), a. [L. genitivus, fr. gignere, genitum, to beget: cf. F. g\'82nitif. See Gender.] (Gram.) Of or pertaining to that case (as the second case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses source or possession. It corresponds to the possessive case in English. Genitive Gen"i*tive, n. (Gram.) The genitive case. Genitive absolute, a construction in Greek similar to the ablative absolute in Latin. See Ablative absolute. Genitocrural Gen`i*to*cru"ral (?), a. [Genital + crural.] (Anat.) Pertaining to the genital organs and the thigh; -- applied especially to one of the lumbar nerves. Genitor Gen"i*tor (?), n. [L.] 1. One who begets; a generator; an originator. Sheldon. 2. pl. The genitals. [Obs.] Holland. Genitourinary Gen`i*to*u"ri*na*ry (?), a. [Genital + urinary.] (Anat.) See Urogenital. Geniture Gen"i*ture (?), n. [L. genitura: cf. F. g\'82niture.] Generation; procreation; birth. Dryden. Genius Gen"ius (?), n.; pl. E. Geniuses (#); in sense 1, L. Genii (#). [L. genius, prop., the superior or divine nature which is innate in everything, the spirit, the tutelar deity or genius of a person or place, taste, talent, genius, from genere, gignere, to beget, bring forth. See Gender, and cf. Engine.] 1. A good or evil spirit, or demon, supposed by the ancients to preside over a man's destiny in life; a tutelary deity; a supernatural being; a spirit, good or bad. Cf. Jinnee. The unseen genius of the wood. Milton. We talk of genius still, but with thought how changed! The genius of Augustus was a tutelary demon, to be sworn by and to receive offerings on an altar as a deity. Tylor. 2. The peculiar structure of mind with whoch each individual is endowed by nature; that disposition or aptitude of mind which is peculiar to each man, and which qualifies him for certain kinds of action or special success in any pursuit; special taste, inclination, or disposition; as, a genius for history, for poetry, or painting. 3. Peculiar character; animating spirit, as of a nation, a religion, a language. 4. Distinguished mental superiority; uncommon intellectual power; especially, superior power of invention or origination of any kind, or of forming new combinations; as, a man of genius. Genius of the highest kind implies an unusual intensity of the modifyng power. Coleridge. 5. A man endowed with uncommon vigor of mind; a man of superior intellectual faculties; as, Shakespeare was a rare genius. Syn. -- Genius, Talent. Genius implies high and peculiar gifts of nature, impelling the mind to certain favorite kinds of mental effort, and producing new combinations of ideas, imagery, etc. Talent supposes general strength of intellect, with a peculiar aptitude for being molded and directed to specific employments and valuable ends and purposes. Genius is connected more or less with the exercise of imagination, and reaches its ends by a kind of intuitive power. Talent depends more on high mental training, and a perfect command of all the faculties, memory, judgment, sagacity, etc. Hence we speak of a genius for poetry, painting. etc., and a talent for business or diplomacy. Among English orators, Lord Chatham was distinguished for his genius; William Pitt for his pre\'89minent talents, and especially his unrivaled talent for debate. _________________________________________________________________ Page 620 Genius loci ( [L.], the genius or presiding divinity of a place; hence, the pervading spirit of a place or institution, as of a college, etc. Genoese Gen`o*ese" (?), a. Of or pertaining to Genoa, a city of Italy. -- n. sing. & pl. A native or inhabitant of Genoa; collectively, the people of Genoa. Genouill\'8are Ge*nouil`l\'8are" (?), n. [F.] 1. (Anc. Armor) A metal plate covering the knee. 2. (Fort.) That part of a parapet which lies between the gun platform and the bottom of an embrasure. -genous -ge*nous. [-gen + -ous.] A suffix signifying producing, yielding; as, alkaligenous; endogenous. Genre Genre (?), n. [F. See Gender.] (Fine Arts) A style of painting, sculpture, or other imitative art, which illustrates everyday life and manners. Gens Gens (?), n.; pl. Gentes (#). [L. See Gentle, a.] (Rom. Hist.) 1. A clan or family connection, embracing several families of the same stock, who had a common name and certain common religious rites; a subdivision of the Roman curia or tribe. 2. (Ethnol.) A minor subdivision of a tribe, among American aborigines. It includes those who have a common descent, and bear the same totem. Gent Gent (?), a. [OF. gent, fr. L. genitus born, or (less prob.) fr. gentilis. See Genteel.] 1. Gentle; noble; of gentle birth. [Obs.] All of a knight [who] was fair and gent. Chaucer. 2. Neat; pretty; fine; elegant. [Obs.] Spenser. Her body gent and small. Chaucer. Genteel Gen*teel" (?), a. [F. gentil noble, pretty, graceful. See Gentle.] 1. Possessing or exhibiting the qualities popularly regarded as belonging to high birth and breeding; free from vulgarity, or lowness of taste or behavior; adapted to a refined or cultivated taste; polite; well-bred; as, genteel company, manners, address. 2. Graceful in mien or form; elegant in appearance, dress, or manner; as, the lady has a genteel person. Law. 3. Suited to the position of lady or a gentleman; as, to live in a genteel allowance. Syn. -- Polite; well-bred; refined; polished. Genteelish Gen*teel"ish, a. Somewhat genteel. Genteelly Gen*teel"ly, adv. In a genteel manner. Genteelness Gen*teel"ness, n. The quality of being genteel. Genterie, Gentrie Gen"ter*ie (?), Gen"trie (, n. [OE. See Gentry.] Nobility of birth or of character; gentility. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gentian Gen"tian (?), n. [OE. genciane, F. gentiane, L. gentiana, fr. Gentius, an Illyrian king, said to have discovered its properties.] (Bot.) Any one of a genus (Gentiana) of herbaceous plants with opposite leaves and a tubular four- or five-lobed corolla, usually blue, but sometimes white, yellow, or red. See Illust. of Capsule. NOTE: &hand; Ma ny sp ecies ar e fo und on the highest mountains of Europe, Asia, and America, and some are prized for their beauty, as the Alpine (Gentiana verna, Bavarica, and excisa), and the American fringed gentians (G. crinita and G. detonsa). Several are used as tonics, especially the bitter roots of Gentiana lutea, the officinal gentian of the pharmacop&oe;ias. Horse gentian, fever root. -- Yellow gentian (Bot.), the officinal gentian (Gentiana lutea). See Bitterwort. Gentianaceous Gen`tian*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of plants (Gentianace\'91) of which the gentian is the type. Gentianella Gen`tian*el"la (?), n. [See Gentian.] A kind of blue color. Johnson. Gentianic Gen`ti*an"ic (?), a. Pertaining to or derived from the gentian; as, gentianic acid. Gentianine Gen"tian*ine (?), n. (Chem.) A bitter, crystallizable substance obtained from gentian. Gentianose Gen"tian*ose` (?), n. (Chem.) A crystallizable, sugarlike substance, with a slightly sweetish taste, obtained from the gentian. Gentil Gen"til (?), a. & n. Gentle. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gentile Gen"tile (?), n. [L. gentilis belonging to the same clan, stock, race, people, or nation; in opposition to Roman, a foreigner; in opposition to Jew or Christian, a heathen: cf. F. gentil. See Gentle, a.] One of a non-Jewish nation; one neither a Jew nor a Christian; a worshiper of false gods; a heathen. NOTE: &hand; The Hebrews included in the term g\'d3yim, or nations, all the tribes of men who had not received the true faith, and were not circumcised. The Christians translated g\'d3yim by the L. gentes, and imitated the Jews in giving the name gentiles to all nations who were neither Jews nor Christians. In civil affairs, the denomination was given to all nations who were not Romans. Syn. -- Pagan; heathen. See Pagan. Gentile Gen"tile, a. 1. Belonging to the nations at large, as distinguished from the Jews; ethnic; of pagan or heathen people. 2. (Gram.) Denoting a race or country; as, a gentile noun or adjective. Gentile-falcon Gen"tile-fal`con (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Falcon-gentil. Gentilesse Gen`ti*lesse" (?), n. [OF. gentilesse, gentelise, F. gentillesse. See Gentle. a.] Gentleness; courtesy; kindness; nobility. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gentilish Gen"til*ish (?), a. Heathenish; pagan. Gentilism Gen"til*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. gentilisme.] 1. Hethenism; paganism; the worship of false gods. 2. Tribal feeling; devotion to one's gens. Gentilitial, Gentilitious Gen`ti*li"tial (?), Gen`ti*li"tious (?), a. [L. gentilitius. See Gentile.] [Obs.] 1. Peculiar to a people; national. Sir T. Browne. 2. Hereditary; entailed on a family. Arbuthnot. Gentility Gen*til"i*ty (?), n. [L. gentilitas the relationship of those who belong to the same clan, also, heathenism: cf. F. gentilit\'82 heathenism. See Gentile.] 1. Good extraction; dignity of birth. Macaulay. He . . . mines my gentility with my education. Shak. 2. The quality or qualities appropriate to those who are well born, as self-respect, dignity, courage, courtesy, politeness of manner, a graceful and easy mien and behavior, etc.; good breeding. 3. The class in society who are, or are expected to be, genteel; the gentry. [R.] Sir J. Davies. 4. Paganism; heathenism. [Obs.] Hooker. Gentilize Gen"til*ize (?), v. i. [See Gentile.] 1. To live like a gentile or heathen. [Obs.] Milton. 2. To act the gentleman; -- with it (see It, 5). [Obs.] Gentilize Gen"til*ize, v. i. To render gentile or gentlemanly; as, to gentilize your unworthy sones. [R.] Sylvester. Gentilly Gen"til*ly (?), adv. [From Gentil, a.] In a gentle or hoble manner; frankly. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gentiopikrin Gen`ti*o*pi"krin (?), n. [Gentian + Gr. (Chem.) A bitter, yellow, crystalline substance, regarded as a glucoside, and obtained from the gentian. Gentisin Gen"ti*sin (?), n. (Chem.) A tasteless, yellow, crystalline substance, obtained from the gentian; -- called also gentianin. Gentle Gen"tle (?), a. [Compar. Gentler (?); superl. Gentlest (?).] [OE. gentil, F. gentil noble, pretty, graceful, fr. L. gentilis of the same clan or race, fr. gens, gentis, tribe, clan, race, orig. that which belongs together by birth, fr. the root of genere, gignere, to beget; hence gentle, properly, of birth or family, that is, of good or noble birth. See Gender, and cf. Genteel, Gentil, Gentile, Gentoo, Jaunty.] 1. Well-born; of a good family or respectable birth, though not noble. British society is divided into nobility, gentry, and yeomanry, and families are either noble, gentle, or simple. Johnson's Cyc. The studies wherein our noble and gentle youth ought to bestow their time. Milton. 2. Quiet and refined in manners; not rough, harsh, or stern; mild; meek; bland; amiable; tender; as, a gentle nature, temper, or disposition; a gentle manner; a gentle address; a gentle voice. 3. A compellative of respect, consideration, or conciliation; as, gentle reader. "Gentle sirs." "Gentle Jew." "Gentle servant." Shak. 4. Not wild, turbulent, or refractory; quiet and docile; tame; peaceable; as, a gentle horse. 5. Soft; not violent or rough; not strong, loud, or disturbing; easy; soothing; pacific; as, a gentle touch; a gentle gallop. "Gentle music." Sir J. Davies. O sleep! it is a gentle thing. Coleridge. The gentle craft, the art or trade of shoemaking. Syn. -- Mild; meek; placid; dovelike; quiet; peaceful; pacific; bland; soft; tame; tractable; docile. -- Gentle, Tame, Mild, Meek. Gentle describes the natural disposition; tame, that which is subdued by training; mild implies a temper which is, by nature, not easily provoked; meek, a spirit which has been schooled to mildness by discipline or suffering. The lamb is gentle; the domestic fowl is tame; John, the Apostle, was mild; Moses was meek. Gentle Gen"tle, n. 1. One well born; a gentleman. [Obs.] Gentles, methinks you frown. Shak. 2. A trained falcon. See Falcon-gentil. 3. (Zo\'94l.) A dipterous larva used as fish bait. Gentle Gent"le, v. t. 1. To make genteel; to raise from the vulgar; to ennoble. [Obs.] Shak. 2. To make smooth, cozy, or agreeable. [R. or Poet.] To gentle life's descent, We shut our eyes, and think it is a plain. Young. 3. To make kind and docile, as a horse. [Colloq.] Gentlefolk, Gentlefolks Gen"tle*folk` (?), Gen"tle*folks` (, n. pl. Persons of gentle or good family and breeding. [Generally in the United States in the plural form.] Shak. Gentle-hearted Gen"tle-heart`ed (?), a. Having a kind or gentle disposition. Shak. -- Gen"tle-heart`ed*ness, n. Gentleman Gen"tle*man (?), n.; pl. Gentlemen (#). [OE. gentilman nobleman; gentil noble + man man; cf. F. gentilhomme.] 1. A man well born; one of good family; one above the condition of a yeoman. 2. One of gentle or refined manners; a well-bred man. 3. (Her.) One who bears arms, but has no title. 4. The servant of a man of rank. The count's gentleman, one Cesario. Shak. 5. A man, irrespective of condition; -- used esp. in the plural (= citizens; people), in addressing men in popular assemblies, etc. NOTE: &hand; In Gr eat Britain, the term gentleman is applied in a limited sense to those having coats of arms, but who are without a title, and, in this sense, gentlemen hold a middle rank between the nobility and yeomanry. In a more extended sense, it includes every man above the rank of yeoman, comprehending the nobility. In the United States, the term is applied to men of education and good breeding of every occupation. Gentleman commoner, one of the highest class of commoners at the University of Oxford. -- Gentleman usher, one who ushers visitors into the presence of a sovereign, etc. -- Gentleman usher of the black rod, an usher belonging to the Order of the Garter, whose chief duty is to serve as official messenger of the House of Lords. -- Gentlemen-at-arms, a band of forty gentlemen who attend the sovereign on state occasions; formerly called gentlemen pensioners. [Eng.] Gentlemanhood Gen"tle*man*hood (?), n. The qualities or condition of a gentleman. [R.] Thackeray. Gentlemanlike, Gentlemanly Gen"tle*man*like` (?), Gen"tle*man*ly (?), a. Of, pertaining to, resembling, or becoming, a gentleman; well-behaved; courteous; polite. Gentlemanliness Gen"tle*man*li*ness (?), n. The state of being gentlemanly; gentlemanly conduct or manners. Gentlemanship Gen"tle*man*ship, n. The carriage or quality of a gentleman. Gentleness Gen"tle*ness, n. The quality or state of being gentle, well-born, mild, benevolent, docile, etc.; gentility; softness of manners, disposition, etc.; mildness. Gentleship Gen"tle*ship, n. The deportment or conduct of a gentleman. [Obs.] Ascham. Gentlesse Gent"lesse (?), n. Gentilesse; gentleness. [Obs.] Gentlewoman Gen"tle*wom`an (?), n.; pl. Gentlewomen (. 1. A woman of good family or of good breeding; a woman above the vulgar. Bacon. 2. A woman who attends a lady of high rank. Shak. Gently Gen"tly (?), adv. In a gentle manner. My mistress gently chides the fault I made. Dryden. Gentoo Gen*too" (?), n.; pl. Gentoos (#). [Pg. gentio gentile, heathen. See Gentile.] A native of Hindostan; a Hindoo. [Archaic] Gentry Gen"try (?), n. [OE. genterie, gentrie, noble birth, nobility, cf. gentrise, and OF. gentelise, genterise, E. gentilesse, also OE. genteleri high-mindedness. See Gent, a., Gentle, a.] 1. Birth; condition; rank by birth. [Obs.] "Pride of gentrie." Chaucer. She conquers him by high almighty Jove, By knighthood, gentry, and sweet friendship's oath. Shak. 2. People of education and good breeding; in England, in a restricted sense, those between the nobility and the yeomanry. Macaulay. 3. Courtesy; civility; complaisance. [Obs.] To show us so much gentry and good will. Shak. Genty Gen"ty (?), a. [From F. gentil. Cf. Jaunty.] Neat; trim. [Scot.] Burns. Genu Ge"nu (?), n.; pl. Genua (#). [L., the knee.] (Anat.) (a) The knee. (b) The kneelike bend, in the anterior part of the callosum of the brain. Genuflect Gen`u*flect" (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Genuflected; p. pr. & vb. n. Genuflecting.] [See Genuflection.] To bend the knee, as in worship. Genuflection Gen`u*flec"tion (?), n. [F. g\'82nuflexion, fr. LL. genuflexio, fr. L. genu knee + flexio a bending, fr. flectere, flexum, to bend. See Knee, Flexible.] The act of bending the knee, particularly in worship. Bp. Stillingfleet. Genuine Gen"u*ine (?), a. [L. genuinus, fr. genere, gignere, to beget, in pass., to be born: cf. F. g\'82nuine. See Gender.] Belonging to, or proceeding from, the original stock; native; hence, not counterfeit, spurious, false, or adulterated; authentic; real; natural; true; pure; as, a genuine text; a genuine production; genuine materials. "True, genuine night." Dryden. Syn. -- Authentic; real; true; pure; unalloyed; unadulterated. See Authentic. -- Gen"u*ine*ly, adv. -- Gen"u*ine*ness, n. The evidence, both internal and external, against the genuineness of these letters, is overwhelming. Macaulay. Genus Ge"nus (?), n.; pl. Genera (#). [L., birth, race, kind, sort; akin to Gr. Gender, and cf. Benign.] 1. (Logic) A class of objects divided into several subordinate species; a class more extensive than a species; a precisely defined and exactly divided class; one of the five predicable conceptions, or sorts of terms. 2. (Biol.) An assemblage of species, having so many fundamental points of structure in common, that in the judgment of competent scientists, they may receive a common substantive name. A genus is not necessarily the lowest definable group of species, for it may often be divided into several subgenera. In proportion as its definition is exact, it is natural genus; if its definition can not be made clear, it is more or less an artificial genus. NOTE: &hand; Th us in the animal kingdom the lion, leopard, tiger, cat, and panther are species of the Cat kind or genus, while in the vegetable kingdom all the species of oak form a single genus. Some genera are represented by a multitude of species, as Solanum (Nightshade) and Carex (Sedge), others by few, and some by only one known species. Subaltern genus (Logic), a genus which may be a species of a higher genus, as the genus denoted by quadruped, which is also a species of mammal. -- Summum genus [L.] (Logic), the highest genus; a genus which can not be classed as a species, as being . Genys Ge"nys (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) See Conys. Geocentric, Geocentrical Ge`o*cen"tric (?), Ge`o*cen"tric*al (?), a. [Gr. g\'82ocentrique.] (Astron.) (a) Having reference to the earth as center; in relation to or seen from the earth, -- usually opposed to heliocentric, as seen from the sun; as, the geocentric longitude or latitude of a planet. (b) Having reference to the center of the earth. Geocentric latitude (of place) the angle included between the radius of the earth through the place and the plane of the equator, in distinction from geographic latitude. It is a little less than the geographic latitude. Geocentrically Ge`o*cen"tric*al*ly, adv. In a geocentric manner. Geocronite Ge*oc"ro*nite (?), n. [Gr. geokronit.] (Min.) A lead-gray or grayish blue mineral with a metallic luster, consisting of sulphur, antimony, and lead, with a small proportion of arsenic. Geocyclic Ge`o*cyc"lic (?), a. [Gr. 1. Of, pertaining to, or illustrating, the revolutions of the earth; as, a geocyclic machine. 2. Circling the earth periodically. Geode Ge"ode (?), n. [F. g\'82ode, L. geodes, fr. Gr. (Min.) (a) A nodule of stone, containing a cavity, lined with crystals or mineral matter. (b) The cavity in such a nodule. _________________________________________________________________ Page 621 Geodephagous Ge`o*deph"a*gous (?), a. [Gr. (Zo\'94l.) Living in the earth; -- applied to the ground beetles. Geodesic, Geodesical Ge`o*des"ic (?), Ge`o*des"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82od\'82sique.] (Math.) Of or pertaining to geodetic. Geodesic Ge`o*des"ic, n. A geodetic line or curve. Geodesist Ge*od"e*sist (?), n. One versed in geodesy. Geodesy Ge*od"e*sy (?), n. [Gr. g\'82od\'82sie.] (Math.) That branch of applied mathematics which determines, by means of observations and measurements, the figures and areas of large portions of the earth's surface, or the general figure and dimenshions of the earth; or that branch of surveying in which the curvature of the earth is taken into account, as in the surveys of States, or of long lines of coast. Geodetic, Geodetical Ge`o*det"ic (?), Ge`o*det"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to gebdesy; obtained or determined by the operations of geodesy; engaged in geodesy; geodesic; as, geodetic surveying; geodetic observers. Geodetic line OR curve, the shortest line that can be drawn between two points on the elipsoidal surface of the earth; a curve drawn on any given surface so that the osculating plane of the curve at every point shall contain the normal to the surface; the minimum line that can be drawn on any surface between any two points. Geodetically Ge`o*det"ic*al*ly, adv. In a geodetic manner; according to geodesy. Geodetics Ge`o*det"ics (?), n. Same as Geodesy. Geodiferous Ge`o*dif"er*ous (?), a. [Geode + -ferous.] (Min.) Producing geodes; containing geodes. Geoduck Ge"o*duck (?), n. [American Indian name.] (Zo\'94l.) A gigantic clam (Glycimeris generosa) of the Pacific coast of North America, highly valued as an article of food. Geognosis Ge`og*no"sis (?), n. [See Geognosy.] Knowledge of the earth. [R.] G. Eliot. Geognost Ge"og*nost (?), n. [Cf. F. g\'82ognoste.] One versed in geognosy; a geologist. [R.] Geognostic, Geognostical Ge`og*nos"tic (?), Ge`og*nos"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82ognostique.] Of or pertaining to geognosy, or to a knowledge of the structure of the earth; geological. [R.] Geognosy Ge*og"no*sy (?), n. [Gr. g\'82ognosie.] That part of geology which treats of the materials of the earth's structure, and its general exterior and interior constitution. Geogonic, Geogonical Ge`o*gon"ic (?), Ge`o*gon"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82ogonique.] Of or pertaining to geogony, or to the formation of the earth. Geogony Ge*og"o*ny (?), n. [Gr. g\'82ogonie.] The branch of science which treats of the formation of the earth. Geographer Ge*og"ra*pher (?), n. One versed in geography. Geographic, Geographical Ge`o*graph"ic (?), Ge`o*graph"ic*al (?), a. [L. geographicus, Gr. g\'82ographique.] Of or pertaining to geography. Geographical distribution. See under Distribution. -- Geographic latitude (of a place), the angle included between a line perpendicular or normal to the level surface of water at rest at the place, and the plane of the equator; differing slightly from the geocentric latitude by reason of the difference between the earth's figure and a true sphere. -- Geographical mile. See under Mile. -- Geographical variation, any variation of a species which is dependent on climate or other geographical conditions. Geographically Ge`o*graph"ic*al*ly, adv. In a geographical manner or method; according to geography. Geography Ge*og"ra*phy (?), n.; pl. Geographies (#). [F. g\'82ographie, l. geographia, fr. Gr. Graphic.] 1. The science which treats of the world and its inhabitants; a description of the earth, or a portion of the earth, including its structure, fetures, products, political divisions, and the people by whom it is inhabited. 2. A treatise on this science. Astronomical, or Mathematical, geography treats of the earth as a planet, of its shape, its size, its lines of latitude and longitude, its zones, and the phenomena due to to the earth's diurnal and annual motions. -- Physical geography treats of the conformation of the earth's surface, of the distribution of land and water, of minerals, plants, animals, etc., and applies the principles of physics to the explanation of the diversities of climate, productions, etc. -- Political geography treats of the different countries into which earth is divided with regard to political and social and institutions and conditions. Geolatry Ge*ol"a*try (?), n. [Gr. The worship of the earth. G. W. Cox. CAPTION: The Geological Series. NOTE: &hand; Th e science of geology, as treating of the history of the globe, involves a description of the different strata which compose its crust, their order of succession, characteristic forms of animal and vegetable life, etc. The principal subdivisions of geological time, and the most important strata, with their relative positions, are indicated in the following diagram. <-- illustration of geological periods, with rock layers, takes one column from top to bottom of the page here --> Geologer, Geologian Ge*ol"o*ger (?), Ge`o*lo"gi*an (?), n. A geologist. Geologic, Geological Ge`o*log"ic (?), Ge`o*log"ic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82ologique.] Of or pertaining to geology, or the science of the earth. Geologically Ge`o*log"ic*al*ly, adv. In a geological manner. Geologist Ge*ol"o*gist (?), n. [Cf. F. G\'82ologiste.] One versed in the science of geology. Geologize Ge*ol"o*gize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geologized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Geologizing (?).] To study geology or make geological investigations in the field; to discourse as a geologist. During midsummer geologized a little in Shropshire. Darwin. Geology Ge*ol"o*gy (?), n.; pl. Geologies (#). [Gr. -logy: cf. F. g\'82ologie.] 1. The science which treats: (a) Of the structure and mineral constitution of the globe; structural geology. (b) Of its history as regards rocks, minerals, rivers, valleys, mountains, climates, life, etc.; historical geology. (c) Of the causes and methods by which its structure, features, changes, and conditions have been produced; dynamical geology. See Chart of The Geological Series. 2. A treatise on the science. Geomalism Ge*om"a*lism (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) The tendency of an organism to respond, during its growth, to the force of gravitation. Geomancer Ge"o*man`cer (?), n. One who practices, or is versed in, geomancy. Geomancy Ge"o*man`cy (?), n. [OE. geomance, geomancie, F. g\'82omance, g\'82omancie, LL. geomantia, fr. Gr. A kind of divination by means of figures or lines, formed by little dots or points, originally on the earth, and latterly on paper. Geomantic, Geomantical Ge`o*man"tic (?), Ge`o*man"tic*al (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82omantique.] Pertaining or belonging to geomancy. Geometer Ge*om"e*ter (?), n. [F. g\'82om\'8atre, L. geometres, geometra, fr. Gr. Meter measure.] 1. One skilled in geometry; a geometrician; a mathematician. I. Watts. 2. (Zo\'94l.) Any species of geometrid moth; a geometrid. Geometral Ge*om"e*tral (?), a. [Cf. F. g\'82om\'82tral.] Pertaining to geometry. [Obs.] Geometric, Geometrical Ge`o*met"ric (?), Ge`o*met"ric*al (?), a. [L. geometricus; Gr. g\'82om\'82trique.] Pertaining to, or according to the rules or principles of, geometry; determined by geometry; as, a geometrical solution of a problem. NOTE: &hand; Ge ometric is often used, as opposed to algebraic, to include processes or solutions in which the propositions or principles of geometry are made use of rather than those of algebra. NOTE: &hand; Ge ometrical is of ten us ed in a limited or strictly technical sense, as opposed to mechanical; thus, a construction or solution is geometrical which can be made by ruler and compasses, i. e., by means of right lines and circles. Every construction or solution which requires any other curve, or such motion of a line or circle as would generate any other curve, is not geometrical, but mechanical. By another distinction, a geometrical solution is one obtained by the rules of geometry, or processes of analysis, and hence is exact; while a mechanical solution is one obtained by trial, by actual measurements, with instruments, etc., and is only approximate and empirical. Geometrical curve. Same as Algebraic curve; -- so called because their different points may be constructed by the operations of elementary geometry. -- Geometric lathe, an instrument for engraving bank notes, etc., with complicated patterns of interlacing lines; -- called also cycloidal engine. -- Geometrical pace, a measure of five feet. -- Geometric pen, an instrument for drawing geometric curves, in which the movements of a pen or pencil attached to a revolving arm of ajustable length may be indefinitely varied by changing the toothed wheels which give motion to the arm. -- Geometrical plane (Persp.), the same as Ground plane . -- Geometrical progression, proportion, ratio. See under Progression, Proportion and Ratio. -- Geometrical radius, in gearing, the radius of the pitch circle of a cogwheel. Knight. -- Geometric spider (Zo\'94l.), one of many species of spiders, which spin a geometrical web. They mostly belong to Epeira and allied genera, as the garden spider. See Garden spider. -- Geometric square, a portable instrument in the form of a square frame for ascertaining distances and heights by measuring angles. -- Geometrical staircase, one in which the stairs are supported by the wall at one end only. -- Geometrical tracery, in architecture and decoration, tracery arranged in geometrical figures. _________________________________________________________________ Page 622 Geometrically Ge`o*met"ric*al*ly (?), adv. According to the rules or laws of geometry. Geometrician Ge*om`e*tri"cian (?), n. One skilled in geometry; a geometer; a mathematician. Geometrid Ge*om"e*trid (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Pertaining or belonging to the Geometrid\'91. Geometrid Ge*om"e*trid, n. (Zo\'94l.) One of numerous genera and species of moths, of the family Geometrid\'91; -- so called because their larv\'91 (called loopers, measuring worms, spanworms, and inchworms) creep in a looping manner, as if measuring. Many of the species are injurious to agriculture, as the cankerworms. Geometrize Ge*om"e*trize (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Geometrized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Geometrizing (?).] To investigate or apprehend geometrical quantities or laws; to make geometrical constructions; to proceed in accordance with the principles of geometry. Nature geometrizeth, and observeth order in all things. Sir T. Browne. Geometry Ge*om"e*try (?), n; pl. Geometries (#) [F. g\'82om\'82trie, L. geometria, fr. Gr. Geometer.] 1. That branch of mathematics which investigates the relations, properties, and measurement of solids, surfaces, lines, and angles; the science which treats of the properties and relations of magnitudes; the science of the relations of space. 2. A treatise on this science. Analytical, OR Co\'94rdinate, geometry, that branch of mathematical analysis which has for its object the analytical investigation of the relations and properties of geometrical magnitudes. -- Descriptive geometry, that part of geometry which treats of the graphic solution of all problems involving three dimensions. -- Elementary geometry, that part of geometry which treats of the simple properties of straight lines, circles, plane surface, solids bounded by plane surfaces, the sphere, the cylinder, and the right cone. -- Higher geometry, that pert of geometry which treats of those properties of straight lines, circles, etc., which are less simple in their relations, and of curves and surfaces of the second and higher degrees. Geophagism Ge*oph"a*gism (?), n. [Gr. The act or habit of eating earth. See Dirt eating, under Dirt. Dunglison. Geophagist Ge*oph"a*gist (?), n. One who eats earth, as dirt, clay, chalk, etc. Geophagous Ge*oph"a*gous (?), a. Earth-eating. Geophila Ge*oph"i*la (?), n. pl. [NL., from Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The division of Mollusca which includes the land snails and slugs. Geoponic, Geoponical Ge`o*pon"ic (?), Ge`o*pon"ic*al (?), a. [Gr. g\'82oponique.] Pertaining to tillage of the earth, or agriculture. Geoponics Ge`o*pon"ics (?), n. [Gr. g\'82oponique.] The art or science of cultivating the earth; agriculture. Evelin. Georama Ge`o*ra"ma (?), n. [Gr. g\'82orama.] A hollow globe on the inner surface of which a map of the world is depicted, to be examined by one standing inside. Geordie Geor"die (?), n. A name given by miners to George Stephenson's safety lamp. Raymond. George George (?), n. [F. George, or Georges, a proper name, fr. Gr. work. See Work.] 1. A figure of St. George (the patron saint of England) on horseback, appended to the collar of the Order of the Garter. See Garter. 2. A kind of brown loaf. [Obs.] Dryden. George noble George" no`ble (?). [So called from the image of St. George on it.] A gold noble of the time of Henry VIII. See Noble, n. Georgian Geor"gi*an (?), a. 1. Of or pertaining to Georgia, in Asia, or to Georgia, one of the United States. 2. Of or relating to the reigns of the four Georges, kings of Great Britan; as, the Georgian era. <-- five? --> Georgian Geor"gi*an, n. A native of, or dweller in, Georgia. Georgic Geor"gic (?), n. [L. georgicum (sc. carmen), and georgica, pl., Gr. g\'82orgiques, pl. See Georgic, a.] A rural poem; a poetical composition on husbandry, containing rules for cultivating lands, etc.; as, the Georgics of Virgil. Georgic, Georgical Geor"gic (?), Geor"gic*al (?), a. [L. georgicus, Gr. g\'82orgique. See George.] Relating to agriculture and rural affairs. Georgium Sidus Geor"gi*um Si`dus (?). [NL., the star of George (III. of England).] (Astron.) The planet Uranus, so named by its discoverer, Sir W. Herschel. Geoscopy Ge*os"co*py (?), n. [Gr. -scopy: cf. F. g\'82oscopie.] Knowledge of the earth, ground, or soil, obtained by inspection. Chambers. Geoselenic Ge`o*se*len"ic (?), a. [Gr. Pertaining to the earth and moon; belonging to the joint action or mutual relations of the earth and moon; as, geoselenic phenomena. Geostatic Ge`o*stat"ic (?), a. [Gr. static.] (Civil Engin.) Relating to the pressure exerted by earth or similar substance. Geostatic arch, an arch having a form adapted to sustain pressure similar to that exerted by earth. Rankine. Geosynclinal Ge`o*syn*cli"nal (?), n. [Gr. synclinal.] (Geol.) the downward bend or subsidence of the earth's crust, which allows of the gradual accumulation of sediment, and hence forms the first step in the making of a mountain range; -- opposed to geanticlinal. Geothermometer Ge`o*ther*mom"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. thermometer.] (Physics) A thermometer specially constructed for measuring temperetures at a depth below the surface of the ground. Geotic Ge*ot"ic (?) a. [Gr. Belonging to earth; terrestrial. [Obs.] Bailey. Geotropic Ge`o*trop"ic (?), a. [See Geotropism.] (Biol.) Relating to, or showing, geotropism. Geotropism Ge*ot"ro*pism (?), n. [Gr. (Biol.) A disposition to turn or incline towards the earth; the influence of gravity in determining the direction of growth of an organ. NOTE: &hand; In plants, organs which grow towards the center of the earth are said to be positively geotropic, and those growing in the opposite direction negatively geotropic. In animals, geotropism is supposed by some to have an influence either direct or indirect on the plane of division of the ovum. Gephyrea Ge*phyr"e*a (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) An order of marine Annelida, in which the body is imperfectly, or not at all, annulated externally, and is mostly without set\'91. Gephyrean Ge*phyr"e*an (?), a. (Zo\'94l.) Belonging to the Gephyrea. -- n. One of the Gerphyrea. Gephyreoid Ge*phyr"e*oid (?), a. & n. [Gephyrea + -oid.] Gephyrean. Gepound Ge*pound" (?), n. See Gipoun. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gerah Ge"rah (?), n. [Heb. g, lit., a bean.] (Jewish Antiq.) A small coin and weight; 1-20th of a shekel. NOTE: &hand; Th e silver gerah is supposed to have been worth about three cents; the gold about fifty-four cents; the weight equivalent to about thirteen grains. Geraniaceous Ge*ra`ni*a"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to a natural order of pants (Geraniace\'91) which includes the genera Geranium, Pelargonium, and many others. Geraniine, Geranine Ge*ra"ni*ine (?), Ger"a*nine (?), n. [See Geranium.] 1. (Med.) A valuable astringet obtained from the root of the Geranium maculatum or crane's-bill. 2. (Chem.) A liquid terpene, obtained from the crane's-bill (Geranium maculatum), and having a peculiar mulberry odor. [Written also geranium.] Geranium Ge*ra"ni*um (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. g\'82ranium. See Crane, n.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of plants having a beaklike tours or receptacle, around which the seed capsules are arranged, and membranous projections, or stipules, at the joints. Most of the species have showy flowers and a pungent odor. Called sometimes crane's-bill. 2. (Floriculture) A cultivated pelargonium. NOTE: &hand; Ma ny pl ants re ferred to th e genus Geranium by the earlier botanists are now separated from it under the name of Pelargonium, which includes all the commonly cultivated "geraniums", mostly natives of South Africa. Gerant Ge"rant (?), n. [F. g\'82rant.] The manager or acting partner of a company, joint-stock association, etc. Gerbe Gerbe (?), n. [F., prop. a sheaf.] (Pyrotechny) A kind of ornamental firework. Farrow. Gerbil, Gerbille Ger"bil (?), Ger`bille" (?), n. [F. gerbille. Cf. Jerboa.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several species of small, jumping, murine rodents, of the genus Gerbillus. In their leaping powers they resemble the jerboa. They inhabit Africa, India, and Southern Europe. Gerboa Ger*bo"a (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The jerboa. Gere Gere (?), n. Gear. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gerent Ge"rent (?), a. [L. gerens, p. pr. of gerere to bear, manage.] Bearing; carrying. [Obs.] Bailey. Gerfalcon Ger"fal`con (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) See Gyrfalcon. Gerful Ger"ful (?), a. [Cf. OF. girer to twirl, E. gyrate.] Changeable; capricious. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gerland, Gerlond Ger"land (?), Ger"lond, n. A garland. [Obs.] Gerlind Ger"lind (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A salmon returning from the sea the second time. [Prov. Eng.] Germ Germ (?), n. [F. germe, fr. L. germen, germinis, sprout, but, germ. Cf. Germen, Germane.] 1. (Biol.) That which is to develop a new individual; as, the germ of a fetus, of a plant or flower, and the like; the earliest form under which an organism appears. In the entire process in which a new being originates . . . two distinct classes of action participate; namely, the act of generation by which the germ is produced; and the act of development, by which that germ is evolved into the complete organism. Carpenter. 2. That from which anything springs; origin; first principle; as, the germ of civil liberty. Disease germ (Biol.), a name applied to certain tiny bacterial organisms or their spores, such as Anthrax bacillus and the Micrococcus of fowl cholera, which have been demonstrated to be the cause of certain diseases. See Germ theory (bellow). -- Germ cell (Biol.), the germ, egg, spore, or cell from which the plant or animal arises. At one time a part of the body of the parent, it finally becomes detached,and by a process of multiplication and growth gives rise to a mass of cells, which ultimately form a new individual like the parent. See Ovum. -- Germ gland. (Anat.) See Gonad. -- Germ stock (Zo\'94l.), a special process on which buds are developed in certain animals. See Doliolum. -- Germ theory (Biol.), the theory that living organisms can be produced only by the evolution or development of living germs or seeds. See Biogenesis, and Abiogenesis. As applied to the origin of disease, the theory claims that the zymotic diseases are due to the rapid development and multiplication of various bacteria, the germs or spores of which are either contained in the organism itself, or transferred through the air or water. See Fermentation theory. Germ Germ (?), v. i. To germinate. [R.] J. Morley. Germain Ger*main" (?), a. [Obs.] See Germane. German Ger"man (?), a. [OE. german, germain, F. germain, fr. L. germanus full, own (said of brothers and sisters who have the same parents); akin to germen germ. Cf. Germ, Germane.] Nearly related; closely akin. Wert thou a leopard, thou wert german to the lion. Shak. Brother german. See Brother german. -- Cousins german. See the Note under Cousin. German Ger"man, n.; pl. Germans (#) [L. Germanus, prob. of Celtis origin.] 1. A native or one of the people of Germany. 2. The German language. 3. (a) A round dance, often with a waltz movement, abounding in capriciosly involved figures. (b) A social party at which the german is danced. High German, the Teutonic dialect of Upper or Southern Germany, -- comprising Old High German, used from the 8th to the 11th century; Middle H. G., from the 12th to the 15th century; and Modern or New H. G., the language of Luther's Bible version and of modern German literature. The dialects of Central Germany, the basis of the modern literary language, are often called Middle German, and the Southern German dialects Upper German; but High German is also used to cover both groups. -- Low German, the language of Northern Germany and the Netherlands, -- including Friesic; Anglo-Saxon or Saxon; Old Saxon; Dutch or Low Dutch, with its dialect, Flemish; and Plattdeutsch (called also Low German), spoken in many dialects. German Ger"man, a. [L. Germanus. See German, n.] Of or pertaining to Germany. German Baptists. See Dunker. -- German bit, a wood-boring tool, having a long elliptical pod and a scew point. -- German carp (Zo\'94l.), the crucian carp. -- German millet (Bot.), a kind of millet (Setaria Italica, var.), whose seed is sometimes used for food. -- German paste, a prepared food for caged birds. -- German process (Metal.), the process of reducing copper ore in a blast furnace, after roasting, if necessary. Raymond. -- German sarsaparilla, a substitute for sarsaparilla extract. -- German sausage, a polony, or gut stuffed with meat partly cooked. -- German silver (Chem.), a silver-white alloy, hard and tough, but malleable and ductile, and quite permanent in the air. It contains nickel, copper, and zinc in varying proportions, and was originally made from old copper slag at Henneberg. A small amount of iron is sometimes added to make it whiter and harder. It is essentially identical with the Chinese alloy packfong. It was formerly much used for tableware, knife handles, frames, cases, bearings of machinery, etc., but is now largely superseded by other white alloys. -- German steel (Metal.), a metal made from bog iron ore in a forge, with charcoal for fuel. -- German text (Typog.), a character resembling modern German type, used in English printing for ornamental headings, etc., as in the words, NOTE: &hand; This line is German Text. -- German tinder. See Amadou. Germander Ger*man"der (?), n. [OE. germaunder, F. germandr\'82e, It. calamandrea, L. chamaedrys, fr. Gr.Humble, and Tree.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Teucrium (esp. Teucrium Cham\'91drys or wall germander), mintlike herbs and low shrubs. American germander, Teucrium Canadense. -- Germander chickweed, Veronica agrestis. -- Water germander, Teucrium Scordium. -- Wood germander, Teucrium Scorodonia. Germane Ger*mane" (?), a. [See German akin, nearly related.] Literally, near akin; hence, closely allied; appropriate or fitting; relevant. The phrase would be more germane to the matter. Shak. [An amendment] must be germane. Barclay (Digest). Germanic Ger*man"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or containing, germanium. Germanic Ger*man"ic, a. [L. Germanicus: cf. F. germanique. See German, n.] 1. Of or pertaining to Germany; as, the Germanic confederacy. 2. Teutonic. [A loose sense] Germanism Ger"man*ism (?), n. [Cf. F. germanisme.] 1. An idiom of the German language. 2. A characteristic of the Germans; a characteristic German mode, doctrine, etc.; rationalism. J. W. Alexander. Germanium Ger*ma"ni*um (?), n. [NL., fr. L. Germania Germany.] (Chem.) A rare element, recently discovered (1885), in a silver ore (argyrodite) at Freiberg. It is a brittle, silver-white metal, chemically intermediate between the metals and nonmetals, resembles tin, and is in general identical with the predicted ekasilicon. Symbol Ge. Atomic weight 72.3. Germanization Ger`man*i*za"tion (?), n. The act of Germanizing. M. Arnold. Germanize Ger"man*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Germanized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Germanizing (?).] To make German, or like what is distinctively German; as, to Germanize a province, a language, a society. Germanize Ger"man*ize, v. i. To reason or write after the manner of the Germans. Germarium Ger*ma"ri*um (?), n. [NL. See Germ.] (Zo\'94l.) An organ in which the ova are developed in certain Turbellaria. _________________________________________________________________ Page 623 Germen Ger"men (?), n.; pl. E. Germens (#), L. Germina (#). [L.] See Germ. Germicidal Ger"mi*ci`dal (?), a. Germicide. Germicide Ger"mi*cide (?), a. [Germ +L. caedere to kill.] (Biol.) Destructive to germs; -- applied to any agent which has a destructive action upon living germs, particularly bacteria, or bacterial germs, which are considered the cause of many infectious diseases. -- n. A germicide agent. Germinal Ger"mi*nal (?), a. [See Germ.] Pertaining or belonging to a germ; as, the germinal vesicle. Germinal layers (Biol.), the two layers of cells, the ectoblast and entoblast, which form respectively the outer covering and inner wall of the gastrula. A third layer of cells, the mesoblast, which is formed later and lies between these two, is sometimes included. -- Germinal membrane. (Biol.) Same as Blastoderm. -- Germinal spot (Biol.), the nucleolus of the ovum. -- Germinal vesicle, (Biol.) , the nucleus of the ovum of animals. Germinal Ger`mi*nal" (?), n. [F. See Germ .] The seventh month of the French republican calendar [1792 -- 1806]. It began March 21 and ended April 19. See Vend\'90miaire. Germinant Ger"mi*nant (?), a. [L. germinans, p. pr.] Sprouting; sending forth germs or buds. Germinate Ger"mi*nate (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Germinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Germinating.] [L. germinatus, p. p. of germinare to sprout, fr. germen. See Germ.] To sprout; to bud; to shoot; to begin to vegetate, as a plant or its seed; to begin to develop, as a germ. Bacon. Germinate Ger"mi*nate, v. t. To cause to sprout. Price (1610). Germination Ger`mi*na"tion (?), n. [L. germinatio: cf. F. germination.] The process of germinating; the beginning of vegetation or growth in a seed or plant; the first development of germs, either animal or vegetable. Germination apparatus, an apparatus for malting grain. Germinative Ger"mi*na*tive (?), a. [Cf. F. germinatif.] Pertaining to germination; having power to bud or develop. Germinative spot, Germinative vesicle. (Biol.) Same as Germinal spot, Germinal vesicle, under Germinal. Germiparity Ger`mi*par"i*ty (?), n. [Germ + L. parere to produce.] (Biol.) Reproduction by means of germs. Germless Germ"less, a. Without germs. Germogen Ger"mo*gen (?), n. [Germ + -gen.] (Biol.) (a) A polynuclear mass of protoplasm, not divided into separate cells, from which certain ova are developed. Balfour. (b) The primitive cell in certain embryonic forms. Balfour. Germ plasm Germ" plasm` (?), (Biol.) See Plasmogen, and Idioplasm. Germule Germ"ule (?), n. [Dim. fr. germ.] (Biol.) A small germ. Gern Gern (?), v. t. [See Grin.] To grin or yawn. [Obs.] "[/He] gaped like a gulf when he did gern." Spenser. Gerner Ger"ner (?), n. A garner. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gerocomia Ger`o*co"mi*a (?), n. [NL.] See Gerocomy. Gerocomical Ger`o*com"ic*al (?), a. Pertaining to gerocomy. Dr. John Smith. Gerocomy Ge*roc"o*my (?), n. [F. g\'82rocomie, fr. Gr. That part of medicine which treats of regimen for old people. Gerontes Ge*ron"tes (?), n. pl. [NL., fr. Gr. (Gr. Antiq.) Magistrates in Sparta, who with the ephori and kings, constituted the supreme civil authority. Gerontocracy Ger`on*toc"ra*cy (?), n. [Gr. Government by old men. [R.] Gladstone. Geropigia Ger`o*pig"i*a (?), n. [Pg. geropiga.] A mixture composed of unfermented grape juice, brandy, sugar, etc., for adulteration of wines. [Written also jerupigia.] -gerous -ger*ous (?). [L. -ger, fr. gerere to bear, carry. See Jest.] A suffix signifying bearing, producing; as, calcigerous; dentigerous. Gerrymander Ger`ry*man"der (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gerrymandered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gerrymandering.] To divide (a State) into districts for the choice of representatives, in an unnatural and unfair way, with a view to give a political party an advantage over its opponent. [Political Cant, U. S.] NOTE: &hand; This was done in Massachusetts at a time when Elbridge Gerry was governor, and was attributed to his influence, hence the name; though it is now known that he was opposed to the measure. Bartlett. Gerund Ger"und (?), n. [L. gerundium, fr. gerere to bear, carry, perform. See Gest a deed, Jest.] (Lat. Gram.) 1. A kind of verbal noun, having only the four oblique cases of the singular number, and governing cases like a participle. 2. (AS. Gram.) A verbal noun ending in -e, preceded by to and usually denoting purpose or end; -- called also the dative infinitive; as, "Ic h\'91bbe mete t\'93 etanne" (I have meat to eat.) In Modern English the name has been applied to verbal or participal nouns in -ing denoting a transitive action; e. g., by throwing a stone. Gerundial Ge*run"di*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or resembling, a gerund; as, a gerundial use. Gerundive Ge*run"dive (?), a. [L. gerundivus.] Pertaining to, or partaking of, the nature of the gerund; gerundial. -- n. (Lat. Gram.) The future passive participle; as, amandus, i. e., to be loved. Gerundively Ge*run"dive*ly, adv. In the manner of a gerund; as, or in place of, a gerund. Gery Ger"y (?), a. [See Gerful.] Changeable; fickle. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gesling Ges"ling (?), n. A gosling. [Prov. Eng.] Gesse Gesse (?), v. t. & i. To guess. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gest Gest (?), n. A guest. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gest Gest (?), n. [OF. geste exploit. See Jest.] 1. Something done or achieved; a deed or an action; an adventure. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. An action represented in sports, plays, or on the stage; show; ceremony. [Obs.] Mede. 3. A tale of achievements or adventures; a stock story. [Obs.] Chaucer. Spenser. 4. Gesture; bearing; deportment. [Archaic] Through his heroic grace and honorable gest. Spenser. Gest Gest (?), n. [Cf. Gist a resting place.] 1. A stage in traveling; a stop for rest or lodging in a journey or progress; a rest. [Obs.] Kersey. 2. A roll recting the several stages arranged for a royal progress. Many of them are extant in the herald's office. [Obs.] Hanmer. Gestant Ges"tant (?), a. [L. gestans, p. pr. of gestare.] Bearing within; laden; burdened; pregnant. [R.] "Clouds gestant with heat." Mrs. Browning. Gestation Ges*ta"tion (?), n. [L. gestatio a bearing, carrying, fr. gestare to bear, carry, intens. fr. gerere, gestum, to bear: cf. F. gestation. See Gest deed, Jest.] 1. The act of wearing (clothes or ornaments). [Obs.] 2. The act of carrying young in the womb from conception to delivery; pregnancy. 3. Exercise in which one is borne or carried, as on horseback, or in a carriage, without the exertion of his own powers; passive exercise. Dunglison. Gestatory Ges"ta*to*ry (?), a. [L. gestatorius that serves for carrying: cf. F. gestatoire.] 1. Pertaining to gestation or pregnancy. 2. Capable of being carried or worn. [Obs. or R.] Geste Geste (?), v. i. To tell stories or gests. [Obs.] Gestic Ges"tic (?), a. [See Gest a deed, Gesture.] 1. Pertaining to deeds or feats of arms; legendary. And the gay grandsire, skilled in gestic lore. Goldsmith. 2. Relating to bodily motion; consisting of gestures; -- said especially with reference to dancing. Carried away by the enthusiasm of the gestic art. Sir W. Scott. Gesticulate Ges*tic"u*late (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gesticulated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gesticulating.] [L. gesticulatus, p. p. of gesticulari to gesticulate, fr. gesticulus a mimic gesture, gesticulation, dim. of gestus gesture, fr. gerere, gestum, to bear, carry, peform. See Gestic.] To make gestures or motions, as in speaking; to use postures. Sir T. Herbert. Gesticulate Ges*tic"u*late, v. t. To represent by gesture; to act. [R.] B. Jonson. Gesticulation Ges*tic`u*la"tion (?), n. [L. gesticulatio: cf. F. gesticulation.] 1. The act of gesticulating, or making gestures to express passion or enforce sentiments. 2. A gesture; a motion of the body or limbs in speaking, or in representing action or passion, and enforcing arguments and sentiments. Macaulay. 3. Antic tricks or motions. B. Jonson. Gesticulator Ges*tic"u*la`tor (?), n. [L.] One who gesticulates. Gesticulatory Ges*tic"u*la*to*ry (?), a. Representing by, or belonging to, gestures. T. Warton. Gestour Ges"tour (?), n. [See Gest a deed.] A reciter of gests or legendary tales; a story-teller. [Obs.] Minstrels and gestours for to tell tales. Chaucer. Gestural Ges"tur*al (?), a. Relating to gesture. Gesture Ges"ture (?), n. [LL. gestura mode of action, fr. L. gerere, gestum, to bear, behave, perform, act. See Gest a deed.] 1. Manner of carrying the body; position of the body or limbs; posture. [Obs.] Accubation, or lying down at meals, was a gesture used by many nations. Sir T. Browne. 2. A motion of the body or limbs expressive of sentiment or passion; any action or posture intended to express an idea or a passion, or to enforce or emphasize an argument, assertion, or opinion. Humble and reverent gestures. Hooker. Grace was in all her steps, heaven in her eye, In every gesture dignity and love. Milton. Gesture Ges"ture, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gestured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gesturing.] To accompany or illustrate with gesture or action; to gesticulate. It is not orderly read, nor gestured as beseemeth. Hooker. Gesture Ges"ture, v. i. To make gestures; to gesticulate. The players . . . gestured>/qex> not undecently withal. Holland. Gestureless Ges"ture*less, a. Free from gestures. Gesturement Ges"ture*ment (?), n. Act of making gestures; gesturing. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Get Get (?), n. Jet, the mineral. [Obs.] Chaucer. Get Get (?), n. [OF. get.] 1. Fashion; manner; custom. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Artifice; contrivance. [Obs.] Chaucer. Get Get (?), v. t. [imp. Got (?) (Obs. Gat (); p. p. Got (Obsolescent Gotten (?)); p. pr. & vb. n. Getting.] [OE. geten, AS. gitan, gietan (in comp.); akin to Icel. geta, Goth. bigitan to find, L. prehendere to seize, take, Gr. Comprehend, Enterprise, Forget, Impregnable, Prehensile.] 1. To procure; to obtain; to gain possession of; to acquire; to earn; to obtain as a price or reward; to come by; to win, by almost any means; as, to get favor by kindness; to get wealth by industry and economy; to get favor by kindness; to get wealth by industry and economy; to get land by purchase, etc. 2. Hence, with have and had, to come into or be in possession of; to have. Johnson. Thou hast got the face of man. Herbert. 3. To beget; to procreate; to generate. I had rather to adopt a child than get it. Shak. 4. To obtain mental possession of; to learn; to commit to memory; to memorize; as to get a lesson; also with out; as, to get out one's Greek lesson. It being harder with him to get one sermon by heart, than to pen twenty. Bp. Fell. 5. To prevail on; to induce; to persuade. Get him to say his prayers. Shak. 6. To procure to be, or to cause to be in any state or condition; -- with a following participle. Those things I bid you do; get them dispatched. Shak. 7. To betake; to remove; -- in a reflexive use. Get thee out from this land. Gen. xxxi. 13. He . . . got himself . . . to the strong town of Mega. Knolles. NOTE: &hand; Ge t, as a transitive verb, is combined with adverbs implying motion, to express the causing to, or the effecting in, the object of the verb, of the kind of motion indicated by the preposition; thus, to get in, to cause to enter, to bring under shelter; as, to get in the hay; to get out, to make come forth, to extract; to get off, to take off, to remove; to get together, to cause to come together, to collect. To get by heart, to commit to memory. -- To get the better of, To get the best of, to obtain an advantage over; to surpass; to subdue. -- To get up, to cause to be established or to exit; to prepare; to arrange; to construct; to invent; as, to get up a celebration, a machine, a book, an agitation. Syn. -- To obtain; gain; win; acquire. See Obtain. Get Get (?), v. i. 1. To make acquisition; to gain; to profit; to receive accessions; to be increased. We mourn, France smiles; we lose, they daily get. Shak. 2. To arrive at, or bring one's self into, a state, condition, or position; to come to be; to become; -- with a following adjective or past participle belonging to the subject of the verb; as, to get sober; to get awake; to get beaten; to get elected. To get rid of fools and scoundrels. Pope. His chariot wheels get hot by driving fast. Coleridge. NOTE: &hand; It [get] gives to the English language a middle voice, or a power of verbal expression which is neither active nor passive. Thus we say to get acquitted, beaten, confused, dressed. Earle. NOTE: &hand; Get, as an intransitive verb, is used with a following preposition, or adverb of motion, to indicate, on the part of the subject of the act, movement or action of the kind signified by the preposition or adverb; or, in the general sense, to move, to stir, to make one's way, to advance, to arrive, etc.; as, to get away, to leave to escape; to disengage one's self from; to get down, to descend, esp. with effort, as from a literal or figurative elevation; to get along, to make progress; hence, to prosper, succeed, or fare; to get in, to enter; to get out, to extricate one's self, to escape; to get through, to traverse; also, to finish, to be done; to get to, to arrive at, to reach; to get off, to alight, to descend from, to dismount; also, to escape, to come off clear; to get together, to assemble, to convene. To get ahead, to advance; to prosper. -- To get along, to proceed; to advance; to prosper. -- To get a mile (or other distance), to pass over it in traveling. -- To get among, to go or come into the company of; to become one of a number. -- To get asleep, to fall asleep. -- To get astray, to wander out of the right way. -- To get at, to reach; to make way to. To get away with, to carry off; to capture; hence, to get the better of; to defeat. -- To get back, to arrive at the place from which one departed; to return. -- To get before, to arrive in front, or more forward. -- To get behind, to fall in the rear; to lag. -- To get between, to arrive between. -- To get beyond, to pass or go further than; to exceed; to surpass. "Three score and ten is the age of man, a few get beyond it." Thackeray. -- To get clear, to disengage one's self; to be released, as from confinement, obligation, or burden; also, to be freed from danger or embarrassment. -- To get drunk, to become intoxicated. -- To get forward, to proceed; to advance; also, to prosper; to advance in wealth. -- To get home, to arrive at one's dwelling, goal, or aim. -- To get into. (a) To enter, as, "she prepared to get into the coach." Dickens. (b) To pass into, or reach; as, " as, " a language has got into the inflated state." Keary. -- To get loose OR free, to disengage one's self; to be released from confinement. -- To get near, to approach within a small distance. -- To get on, to proceed; to advance; to prosper. -- To get over. (a) To pass over, surmount, or overcome, as an obstacle or difficulty. (b) To recover from, as an injury, a calamity. -- To get through. (a) To pass through something. (b) To finish what one was doing. -- To get up. (a) To rise; to arise, as from a bed, chair, etc. (b) To ascend; to climb, as a hill, a tree, a flight of stairs, etc. Get Get, n. Offspring; progeny; as, the get of a stallion. Geten Get"en (?), obs. p. p. of Get. Chaucer. Geth Geth (?), the original third pers. sing. pres. of Go. [Obs.] Chaucer. Get-penny Get"-pen`ny (?), n. Something which gets or gains money; a successful affair. [Colloq.] Chapman. Gettable Get"ta*ble (?), a. That may be obtained. [R.] Getter Get"ter (?), n. One who gets, gains, obtains, acquires, begets, or procreates. Getterup Get"ter*up`, n. One who contrives, makes, or arranges for, anything, as a book, a machine, etc. [Colloq.] A diligent getter-up of miscellaneous works. W. Irving. Getting Get"ting (?), n. 1. The act of obtaining or acquiring; acquisition. With all thy getting, get understanding. Prov. iv. 7. 2. That which is got or obtained; gain; profit. Get-up Get"-up (?), n. General composition or structure; manner in which the parts of a thing are combined; make-up; style of dress, etc. [Colloq.] H. Kingsley. Gewgaw Gew"gaw (?), n. [OE. gigawe, gugawe, gewgaude, prob. the same word as OE. givegove gewgaw, apparently a reduplicated form fr. AS. gifan to give; cf. also F. joujou plaything, and E. gaud, n. See Give, and cf. Giffgaff.] A showy trifle; a toy; a splendid plaything; a pretty but worthless bauble. A heavy gewgaw called a crown. Dryden. Gewgaw Gew"gaw, a. Showy; unreal; pretentious. Seeing his gewgaw castle shine. Tennyson. Geyser Gey"ser (?), n. [Icel. geysir, fr. geysa to rush furiously, fr. gj to gush. Cf. Gush.] A boiling spring which throws forth at frequent intervals jets of water, mud, etc., driven up by the expansive power of steam. NOTE: &hand; Ge ysers were first known in Iceland, and later in New Zealand. In the Yellowstone region in the United States they are numerous, and some of them very powerful, throwing jets of boiling water and steam to a height of 200 feet. They are grouped in several areas called geyser basins. The mineral matter, or geyserite, with which geyser water is charged, forms geyser cones about the orifice, often of great size and beauty. _________________________________________________________________ Page 624 Geyserite Gey"ser*ite (?), n. [From Geyser.] (Min.) A loose hydrated form of silica, a variety of opal, deposited in concretionary cauliflowerlike masses, around some hot springs and geysers. Gharry Ghar"ry (?), n. [Hind. g\'be.] Any wheeled cart or carriage. [India] Ghast Ghast (?), v. t. [OE. gasten. See Ghastly, a.] To strike aghast; to affright. [Obs.] Ghasted by the noise I made. Full suddenly he fled. Shak. Ghastful Ghast"ful (?), a. [See Ghastly, a.] Fit to make one aghast; dismal. [Obs.] -- Ghast"ful*ly, adv. Ghastliness Ghast"li*ness (?), n. The state of being ghastly; a deathlike look. Ghastly Ghast"ly (?), a. [Compar. Ghastlier (?); superl. Ghastliest.] [OE. gastlich, gastli, fearful, causing fear, fr. gasten to terrify, AS. g\'91stan. Cf. Aghast, Gast, Gaze, Ghostly.] 1. Like a ghost in appearance; deathlike; pale; pallid; dismal. Each turned his face with a ghastly pang. Coleridge. His face was so ghastly that it could scarcely be recognized. Macaulay. 2. Horrible; shocking; dreadful; hideous. Mangled with ghastly wounds through plate and mail. Milton. Ghastly Ghast"ly, adv. In a ghastly manner; hideously. Staring full ghastly like a strangled man. Shak. Ghastness Ghast"ness, n. Ghastliness. [Obs.] Shak. Ghat Ghaut Ghat Ghaut (?), n. [Hind. gh\'bet.] 1. A pass through a mountain. [India] J. D. Hooker. 2. A range of mountains. Balfour (Cyc. of Ind. ). 3. Stairs descending to a river; a landing place; a wharf. [India] Malcom. Ghawazi Gha*wa"zi (?), n. pl. [Etymol. uncertain.] Egyptian dancing girls, of a lower sort than the almeh. Gheber Ghebre Ghe"ber Ghe"bre (?), n. [Pers. ghebr: cf. F. Gu\'8abre. Cf. Giaour.] A worshiper of fire; a Zoroastrian; a Parsee. Ghee Ghee (?), n. [Hind. gh\'c6 clarified butter, Skr. gh.] Butter clarified by boiling, and thus converted into a kind of oil. [India] Malcom. Gherkin Gher"kin (?), n. [D. agurkje, a dim. akin to G. gurke, Dan. ag; cf. Pol. og\'a2rek, Bohem. okurka, LGr. al-khiy\'ber, Per. khiy\'ber.] 1. (Bot.) A kind of small, prickly cucumber, much used for pickles. 2. (Zo\'94l.) See Sea gherkin. Ghess Ghess (?), v. t. & i. See Guess. [Obs.] Ghetto Ghet"to (?), n. [It.] The Jews'quarter in an Italian town or city. I went to the Ghetto, where the Jews dwell. Evelyn. <-- 2. by extension, any section of a town inhabited predominantly by members of a specific ethnic, national or racial group, such segregation usually arising from social or economic pressure. 3. (fig.) any isolated group of people. 4. (fig) any group isolated by external pressures, with an implication of inferiority. Ghettoize v. --> Ghibelline Ghib"el*line (?), n. [It. Ghibellino; of German origin.] (It. Hist.) One of a faction in Italy, in the 12th and 13th centuries, which favored the German emperors, and opposed the Guelfs, or adherents of the poses. Brande & C. Ghole Ghole (?), n. See Ghoul. Ghost Ghost (?), n. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. g\'best breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.] 1. The spirit; the soul of man. [Obs.] Then gives her grieved ghost thus to lament. Spenser. 2. The disembodied soul; the soul or spirit of a deceased person; a spirit appearing after death; an apparition; a specter. The mighty ghosts of our great Harrys rose. Shak. I thought that I had died in sleep, And was a blessed ghost. Coleridge. 3. Any faint shadowy semblance; an unsubstantial image; a phantom; a glimmering; as, not a ghost of a chance; the ghost of an idea. Each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Poe. 4. A false image formed in a telescope by reflection from the surfaces of one or more lenses. Ghost moth (Zo\'94l.), a large European moth (Hepialus humuli); so called from the white color of the male, and the peculiar hovering flight; -- called also great swift. -- Holy Ghost, the Holy Spirit; the Paraclete; the Comforter; (Theol.) the third person in the Trinity. -- To give up OR yield up the ghost, to die; to expire. And he gave up the ghost full softly. Chaucer. Jacob . . . yielded up the ghost, and was gathered unto his people. Gen. xlix. 33. Ghost Ghost, v. i. To die; to expire. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Ghost Ghost, v. t. To appear to or haunt in the form of an apparition. [Obs.] Shak. Ghostfish Ghost"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A pale ubspotted variety of the wrymouth. Ghostless Ghost"less, a. Without life or spirit. [R.] Ghostlike Ghost"like` (?), a. Like a ghost; ghastly. Ghostliness Ghost"li*ness, n. The quality of being ghostly. Ghostly Ghost"ly, a. [OE. gastlich, gostlich, AS. g\'bestlic. See Ghost.] 1. Relating to the soul; not carnal or secular; spiritual; as, a ghostly confessor. Save and defend us from our ghostly enemies. Book of Common Prayer [Ch. of Eng. ] One of the gostly children of St. Jerome. Jer. Taylor. 2. Of or pertaining to apparitions. Akenside. Ghostly Ghost"ly, adv. Spiritually; mystically. Chaucer. Ghostology Ghost*ol"o*gy (?), n. Ghost lore. [R.] It seemed even more unaccountable than if it had been a thing of ghostology and witchcraft. Hawthorne. Ghoul Ghoul (?), n. [Per. gh an imaginary sylvan demon, supposed to devour men and animals: cf. Ar. gh, F. goule.] An imaginary evil being among Eastern nations, which was supposed to feed upon human bodies. [Written also ghole .] Moore. Ghoulish Ghoul"ish, a. Characteristic of a ghoul; vampirelike; hyenalike. Ghyll Ghyll (?), n. A ravine. See Gill a woody glen. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Wordsworth. Giallolino Gial`lo*li"no (?), n. [It., from giallo yellow, prob. fr. OHG. gelo, G. gelb; akin to E. yellow.] A term variously employed by early writers on art, though commonly designating the yellow oxide of lead, or massicot. Fairholt. Giambeux Giam"beux (?), n. pl. [See Jambeux.] Greaves; armor for the legs. [Obs.] Spenser. Giant Gi"ant (?), n. [OE. giant, geant, geaunt, OF. jaiant, geant, F. g\'82ant, L. gigas, fr. Gr. gender, genesis. See Gender, and cf. Gigantic.] 1. A man of extraordinari bulk and stature. Giants of mighty bone and bold emprise. Milton. 2. A person of extraordinary strength or powers, bodily or intellectual. 3. Any animal, plant, or thing, of extraordinary size or power. Giant's Causeway, a vast collection of basaltic pillars, in the county of Antrim on the northern coast of Ireland. Giant Gi"ant, a. Like a giant; extraordinary in size, strength, or power; as, giant brothers; a giant son. Giant cell. (Anat.) See Myeloplax. -- Giant clam (Zo\'94l.), a bivalve shell of the genus Tridacna, esp. T. gigas, which sometimes weighs 500 pounds. The shells are sometimes used in churches to contain holy water. -- Giant heron (Zo\'94l.), a very large African heron (Ardeomega goliath). It is the largest heron known. -- Giant kettle, a pothole of very large dimensions, as found in Norway in connection with glaciers. See Pothole. -- Giant powder. See Nitroglycerin. -- Giant puffball (Bot.), a fungus (Lycoperdon giganteum), edible when young, and when dried used for stanching wounds. -- Giant salamander (Zo\'94l.), a very large aquatic salamander (Megalobatrachus maximus), found in Japan. It is the largest of living Amphibia, becoming a yard long. -- Giant squid (Zo\'94l.), one of several species of very large squids, belonging to Architeuthis and allied genera. Some are over forty feet long. Giantess Gi"ant*ess, n. A woman of extraordinary size. Giantize Gi"ant*ize (?), v. i. [Cf. F. g\'82antiser.] To play the giant. [R.] Sherwood. Giantly Gi"ant*ly, a. Appropriate to a giant. [Obs.] Usher. Giantry Gi"ant*ry (?), n. The race of giants. [R.] Cotgrave. Giantship Gi"ant*ship, n. The state, personality, or character, of a giant; -- a compellation for a giant. His giantship is gone somewhat crestfallen. Milton. Giaour Giaour (?), n. [Turk. giaur an infidel, Per. gawr, another form of ghebr fire worshiper. Cf. Kaffir, Gheber .] An infidel; -- a term applied by Turks to disbelievers in the Mohammedan religion, especially Christrians. Byron. Gib Gib (?), n. [Abbreviated fr. Gilbert, the name of the cat in the old story of "Reynard the Fox". in the "Romaunt of the Rose", etc.] A male cat; a tomcat. [Obs.] Gib Gib, v. i. To act like a cat. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Gib Gib (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A piece or slip of metal or wood, notched or otherwise, in a machine or structure, to hold other parts in place or bind them together, or to afford a bearing surface; -- usually held or adjusted by means of a wedge, key, or screw. Gib and key, OR Gib and cotter (Steam Engine), the fixed wedge or gib, and the driving wedge,key, or cotter, used for tightening the strap which holds the brasses at the end of a connecting rod. Gib Gib, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gibbed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gibbing.] To secure or fasten with a gib, or gibs; to provide with a gib, or gibs. Gibbed lathe, an engine lathe in which the tool carriage is held down to the bed by a gib instead of by a weight. Gib Gib (?), v. i. To balk. See Jib, v. i. Youatt. Gibbartas Gib*bar"tas (?), n. [Cf. Ar. jebb\'ber giant; or L. gibber humpbacked: cf. F. gibbar.] (Zo\'94l.) One of several finback whales of the North Atlantic; -- called also Jupiter whale. [Written also jubartas, gubertas, dubertus.] Gibber Gib"ber (?), n. [From Gib to balk.] A balky horse. Youatt. Gibber Gib"ber (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gibbered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gibbering.] [Akin to jabber, and gabble.] To speak rapidly and inarticulately. Shak. Gibberish Gib"ber*ish (?), n. [From Gibber, v. i.] Rapid and inarticulate talk; unintelligible language; unmeaning words; jargon. He, like a gypsy, oftentimes would go; All kinds of gibberish he had learnt to known. Drayton. Such gibberish as children may be heard amusing themselves with. Hawthorne. Gibberish Gib"ber*ish, a. Unmeaning; as, gibberish language. Gibbet Gib"bet (?), n. [OE. gibet, F. gibet, in OF. also club, fr. LL. gibetum;; cf. OF. gibe sort of sickle or hook, It. giubbetto gibbet, and giubbetta, dim. of giubba mane, also, an under waistcoat, doublet, Prov. It. gibba (cf. Jupon); so that it perhaps originally signified a halter, a rope round the neck of malefactors; or it is, perhaps, derived fr. L. gibbus hunched, humped, E. gibbous; or cf. E. jib a sail.] 1. A kind of gallows; an upright post with an arm projecting from the top, on which, formerly, malefactors were hanged in chains, and their bodies allowed to remain asa warning. 2. The projecting arm of a crane, from which the load is suspended; the jib. Gibbet Gib"bet, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gibbeted (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gibbeting.] 1. To hang and expose on a gibbet. 2. To expose to infamy; to blacken. I'll gibbet up his name. Oldham. Gibbier Gib"bier (?), n. [F. gibier.] Wild fowl; game. [Obs.] Addison. Gibbon Gib"bon (?), n. [Cf. F. gibbon.] (Zo\'94l.) Any arboreal ape of the genus Hylobates, of which many species and varieties inhabit the East Indies and Southern Asia. They are tailless and without cheek pouches, and have very long arms, adapted for climbing. <-- common subtypes --> NOTE: &hand; Th e wh ite-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar), the crowned (H. pilatus), the wou-wou or singing gibbon (H. agilis), the siamang, and the hoolock. are the most common species. Gib boom Gib" boom` (?). See Jib boom. Gibbose Gib*bose" (?), a. [L. gibbosus, fr. gibbus, gibba, hunch, hump. Cf. Gibbous.] Humped; protuberant; -- said of a surface which presents one or more large elevations. Brande & C. Gibbostity Gib*bost"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. gibbosit\'82.] The state of being gibbous or gibbose; gibbousness. Gibbous Gib"bous (?), a. [Cf. F. gibbeux. See Gibbose.] 1. Swelling by a regular curve or surface; protuberant; convex; as, the moon is gibbous between the half-moon and the full moon. The bones will rise, and make a gibbous member. Wiseman. 2. Hunched; hump-backed. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne. -- Gib"bous*ly, adv. -- Gib"bous*ness, n. Gibbsite Gibbs"ite (?), n. [Named after George Gibbs.] (Min.) A hydrate of alumina. Gib-cat Gib"-cat` (?), n. A male cat, esp. an old one. See lst Gib. n. [Obs.] Shak. Gibe Gibe (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gibed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gibing.] [Cf. Prov. F. giber, equiv. to F. jouer to play, Icel. geipa to talk nonsense, E. jabber.] To cast reproaches and sneering expressions; to rail; to utter taunting, sarcastic words; to flout; to fleer; to scoff. Fleer and gibe, and laugh and flout. Swift. Gibe Gibe, v. i. To reproach with contemptuous words; to deride; to scoff at; to mock. Draw the beasts as I describe them, From their features, while I gibe them. Swift. Gibe Gibe, n. An expression of sarcastic scorn; a sarcastic jest; a scoff; a taunt; a sneer. Mark the fleers, the gibes, and notable scorns. Shak. With solemn gibe did Eustace banter me. Tennyson. Gibel Gib"el (?), n. [G. gibel, giebel.] (Zo\'94l.) A kind of carp (Cyprinus gibelio); -- called also Prussian carp. Giber Gib"er (?) n. One who utters gibes. B. Jonson. Gibfish Gib"fish` (?), n. The male of the salmon. [Prov. Eng.] Wright. Gibingly Gib"ing*ly (?), adv. In a gibing manner; scornfully. Giblet Gib"let (?), a. Made of giblets; as, a giblet pie. Giblets Gib"lets (?), n. pl. [OE. gibelet, OF. gibelet game: cf. F. gibelotte stewed rabbit. Cf. Gibbier.] The inmeats, or edible viscera (heart, gizzard, liver, etc.), of poultry. Gibstaff Gib"staff` (?), n. [Prov. E. gib a hooked stick + E. staff.] 1. A staff to guage water, or to push a boat. 2. A staff formerly used in fighting beasts on the stage. [Obs.] Bailey. Gid Gid (?), n. [Cf. Giddy, a.] A disease of sheep, characterized by vertigo; the staggers. It is caused by the presence of the CC. Giddily Gid"di*ly (?), adv. In a giddy manner. Giddiness Gid"di*ness, n. The quality or state of being giddy. Giddy Gid"dy (?), a. [Compar. Giddier (?); superl. Giddiest.] [OE. gidi mad, silly, AS. gidig, of unknown origin, cf. Norw. gidda to shake, tremble.] 1. Having in the head a sensation of whirling or reeling about; having lost the power of preserving the balance of the body, and therefore wavering and inclined to fall; lightheaded; dizzy. By giddy head and staggering legs betrayed. Tate. 2. Promoting or inducing giddiness; as, a giddy height; a giddy precipice. Prior. Upon the giddy footing of the hatches. Shak. 3. Bewildering on account of rapid turning; running round with celerity; gyratory; whirling. The giddy motion of the whirling mill. Pope. 4. Characterized by inconstancy; unstable; changeable; fickle; wild; thoughtless; heedless. "Giddy, foolish hours." Rowe. "Giddy chance." Dryden. Young heads are giddy and young hearts are warm. Cowper. Giddy Gid"dy, v. i. To reel; to whirl. Chapman. Giddy Gid"dy, v. t. To make dizzy or unsteady. [Obs.] Giddy-head Gid"dy-head` (?), n. A person without thought fulness, prudence, or judgment. [Colloq.] Burton. Giddy-headed Gid"dy-head`ed (?), a. Thoughtless; unsteady. Giddy-paced Gid"dy-paced` (?), a. Moving irregularly; flighty; fickle. [R.] Shak. Gie Gie (?), v. t. To guide. See Gye . [Obs.] Chaucer. Gie Gie (?), v. t. To give. [Scot.] Burns. Gier-eagle Gier"-ea`gle (?), n. [Cf. D. gier vulture, G. gier, and E. gyrfalcon.] (Zo\'94l.) A bird referred to in the Bible (Lev. xi. 18and Deut. xiv. 17) as unclean, probably the Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus). Gier-falcon Gier"-fal`con (?), n. [Cf. Gier-eagle, Gyrfalcon.] (Zo\'94l.) The gyrfalcon. Gieseckite Gie"seck*ite (?), n. [Named after Karl Giesecke.] (Min.) A mineral occurring in greenish gray six-sided prisms, having a greasy luster. It is probably a pseudomorph after el\'91olite. Gif Gif (?), conj. [AS. See If.] If. [Obs.] NOTE: &hand; Gi f is th e old form of if, and frequently occurs in the earlier English writers. See If. _________________________________________________________________ Page 625 Giffard injector Gif"fard in*ject"or (?). (Mach.) See under Injector. Giffgaff Giff"gaff (?), n. [Reduplicated fr. give.] Mutial accommodation; mutual giving. [Scot.] Giffy Gif"fy (?), n. [Obs.] See Jiffy. Gift Gift (?), n. [OE. gift, yift, yeft, AS. gift, fr. gifan to give; akin to D. & G. gift, Icel. gift, gipt, Goth. gifts (in comp.). See Give, v. t.] 1. Anything given; anything voluntarily transferred by one person to another without compensation; a present; an offering. Shall I receive by gift, what of my own, . . . I can command ? Milton. 2. The act, right, or power of giving or bestowing; as, the office is in the gift of the President. 3. A bribe; anything given to corrupt. Neither take a gift, for a gift doth blind the eyes of the wise. Deut. xvi. 19. 4. Some quality or endowment given to man by God; a pre\'89minent and special talent or aptitude; power; faculty; as, the gift of wit; a gift for speaking. 5. (Law) A voluntary transfer of real or personal property, without any consideration. It can be perfected only by deed, or in case of personal property, by an actual delivery of possession. Bouvier. Burrill. Gift rope (Naut), a rope extended to a boat for towing it; a guest rope. Syn. -- Present; donation; grant; largess; benefaction; boon; bounty; gratuity; endowment; talent; faculty. -- Gift, Present, Donation. These words, as here compared, denote something gratuitously imparted to another out of one's property. A gift is something given whether by a superior or an inferior, and is usually designed for the relief or benefit of him who receives it. A present is ordinarly from an equal or inferior, and is always intended as a compliment or expression of kindness. Donation is a word of more dignity, denoting, properly, a gift of considerable value, and ordinarly a gift made either to some public institution, or to an individual on account of his services to the public; as, a donation to a hospital, a charitable society, or a minister. Gift Gift, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gifted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gifting.] To endow with some power or faculty. He was gifted . . . with philosophical sagacity. I. Taylor. Giftedness Gift"ed*ness, n. The state of being gifted. Echard. Gid Gid (?), n. [Cf. OF. gigue. See Jig, n.] A fiddle. [Obs.] Gig Gig (?), v. t. [Prob. fr. L. gignere to beget.] To engender. [Obs.] Dryden. Gig Gig, n. A kind of spear or harpoon. See Fishgig. Gig Gig, v. t. To fish with a gig. Gig Gig, n. [OE. gigge. Cf. Giglot.] A playful or wanton girl; a giglot. Gig Gig, n. [Cf. Icel. g fiddle, MHG. g, G. geige, Icel. geiga to take a wrong direction, rove at random, and E. jig.] 1. A top or whirligig; any little thing that is whirled round in play. Thou disputest like an infant; go, whip thy gig. Shak. 2. A light carriage, with one pair of wheels, drawn by one horse; a kind of chaise. 3. (Naut.) A long, light rowboat, generally clinkerbuilt, and designed to be fast; a boat appropriated to the use of the commanding officer; as, the captain's gig. 4. (Mach.) A rotatory cylinder, covered with wire teeth or teasels, for teaseling woolen cloth. Gig machine, Gigging machine, Gig mill, OR Napping machine. See Gig, 4. -- Gig saw. See Jig saw. Gigantean Gi`gan*te"an (?), a. [L. giganteus, fr. gigas, antis. See Giant.] Like a giant; mighty; gigantic. [Obs.] Dr. H. More. Gigantesque Gi`gan*tesque" (?), a. [F.] Befitting a giant; bombastic; magniloquent. The sort of mock-heroic gigantesque With which we bantered little Lilia first. Tennyson. Gigantic Gi*gan"tic (?), a. [L. gigas, -antis, giant. See Giant.] 1. Of extraordinary size; like a giant. 2. Such as a giant might use, make, or cause; immense; tremendous; extraordinarly; as, gigantic deeds; gigantic wickedness. Milton. When descends on the Atlantic The gigantic Strom wind of the equinox. Longfellow. Gigantical Gi*gan"tic*al, a. Bulky, big. [Obs.] Burton. -- Gi*gan"tic*al*ly, adv. Giganticide Gi*gan"ti*cide (?), n. [. gigas, -antis, giant + caedere to kill.] The act of killing, or one who kills, a giant. Hallam. Gigantine Gi*gan"tine (?), a. Gigantic. [Obs.] Bullokar. Gigantology Gi`gan*tol"og*y (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. gigantologie.] An account or description of giants. Gigantomachy Gi`gan*tom"a*chy (?), n. [L. gigantoma, fr. Gr. gigantomachie.] A war of giants; especially, the fabulous war of the giants against heaven. Gide, Guide Gide (?), Guide, n. [OF. guide, guiche.] (Anc. Armor) The leather strap by which the shield of a knight was slung across the shoulder, or across the neck and shoulder. Meyrick (Ancient Armor). Gigerium Gi*ge"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Gigeria (#). [NL., fr. L. gigeria, pl., the cooked entrails of poultry.] (Anat.) The muscular stomach, or gizzard, of birds. Gigget Gig"get (?), n. Same as Gigot. Cut the slaves to giggets. Beau. & Fl. Giggle Gig"gle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Giggled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Giggling (?).] [Akin to gaggle: cf. OD. ghichelen, G. kichern.] To laugh with short catches of the breath or voice; to laugh in a light, affected, or silly manner; to titter with childish levity. Giggling and laughing with all their might At the piteous hap of the fairy wight. J. R. Drake. Giggle Gig"gle (?), n. A kind of laugh, with short catches of the voice or breath; a light, silly laugh. Giggler Gig"gler (?), n. One who giggles or titters. Giggly Gig"gly (?), a. Prone to giggling. Carlyle. Giggot Gig"got (?), n. See Gigot. [Obs.] Chapman. Giggyng Gig"gyng (?), n. [See Gige.] The act of fastending the gige or leather strap to the shield. [Obs.] "Gigging of shields." Chaucer. Giglot, Giglet Gig"lot (?), Gig"let (?), n. [Cf. Icel. gikkr a pert, rude person, Dan. giek a fool, silly man, AS. gagol, g\'91gl, lascivious, wanton, MHG. gogel wanton, giege fool, and E. gig a wanton person.] A wanton; a lascivious or light, giddy girl. [Obs.] The giglet is willful, and is running upon her fate. Sir W. Scott. Giglot Gig"lot (?), a. Giddi; light; inconstant; wanton. [Obs.] "O giglot fortune!" Shak. Gigot, Giggot Gig"ot, Gig"got (, n. [F., fr. OF. gigue fiddle; -- on account of the resemblance in shape. See Jig, n.] 1. A leg of mutton. 2. A small piece of flesh; a slice. [Obs.] The rest in giggots cut, they spit. Chapman. Gila monster Gi"la mon"ster (?). (Zo\'94l.) A large tuberculated lizard (Heloderma suspectum) native of the dry plains of Arizona, New Mexico, etc. It is the only lizard known to have venomous teeth. Gild Gild (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gilded or Gilt (p. pr. & vb. n. Gilding.] [AS. gyldan, from gold gold. &root;234. See Gold.] 1. To overlay with a thin covering of gold; to cover with a golden color; to cause to look like gold. "Gilded chariots." Pope. No more the rising sun shall gild the morn. Pope. 2. To make attractive; to adorn; to brighten. Let oft good humor, mild and gay, Gild the calm evening of your day. Trumbull. 3. To give a fair but deceptive outward appearance to; to embellish; as, to gild a lie. Shak. 4. To make red with drinking. [Obs.] This grand liquior that hath gilded them. Shak. Gildale Gild"ale` (?), n. [AS. gilgan to pay + E. ale. See Yield, v. t., and Ale.] A drinking bout in which every one pays an equal share. [Obs.] Gilden Gild"en (?), a. Gilded. Holland. Gilder Gild"er (?), n. One who gilds; one whose occupation is to overlay with gold. Gilder Gil"der (?), n. A Dutch coin. See Guilder. Guilding Guild"ing (?), n. 1. The art or practice of overlaying or covering with gold leaf; also, a thin coating or wash of gold, or of that which resembles gold. 2. Gold in leaf, powder, or liquid, for application to any surface. 3. Any superficial coating or appearance, as opposed to what is solid and genuine. Gilding metal, a tough kind of sheet brass from which cartridge shells are made. Gile Gile (?), n. [See Guile.] Guile. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gill Gill (?), n. [Dan. gi\'91lle, gelle; akin to Sw. g\'84l, Icel. gj\'94lnar gills; cf. AS. geagl, geahl, jaw.] 1. (Anat.) An organ for aquatic respiration; a branchia. Fishes perform respiration under water by the gills. Ray. NOTE: &hand; Gi lls are usually lamellar or filamentous appendages, through which the blood circulates, and in which it is exposed to the action of the air contained in the water. In vertebrates they are appendages of the visceral arches on either side of the neck. In invertebrates they occupy various situations. 2. pl. (Bot.) The radiating, gill-shaped plates forming the under surface of a mushroom. 3. (Zo\'94l.) The fleshy flap that hangs below the beak of a fowl; a wattle. 4. The flesh under or about the chin. Swift. 5. (Spinning) One of the combs of closely ranged steel pins which divide the ribbons of flax fiber or wool into fewer parallel filaments. [Prob. so called from F. aiguilles, needles. Ure.] Gill arches, Gill bars. (Anat.) Same as Branchial arches. -- Gill clefts. (Anat.) Same as Branchial clefts. See under Branchial. -- Gill cover, Gill lid. See Operculum. -- Gill frame, OR Gill head (Flax Manuf.), a spreader; a machine for subjecting flax to the action of gills. Knight. -- Gill net, a flat net so suspended in the water that its meshes allow the heads of fish to pass, but catch in the gills when they seek to extricate themselves. -- Gill opening, OR Gill slit (Anat.), an opening behind and below the head of most fishes, and some amphibians, by which the water from the gills is discharged. In most fishes there is a single opening on each side, but in the sharks and rays there are five, or more, on each side. -- Gill rakes, OR Gill rakers (Anat.), horny filaments, or progresses, on the inside of the branchial arches of fishes, which help to prevent solid substances from being carried into gill cavities. Gill Gill, n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A two-wheeled frame for transporting timber. [Prov. Eng.] Gill Gill, n. A leech. [Also gell.] [Scot.] Jameison. Gill Gill, n. [Icel. gil.] A woody glen; a narrow valley containing a stream. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Gill Gill (?), n. [OF. gille, gelle, a sort of measure for wine, LL. gillo, gello., Cf. Gallon.] A measure of capacity, containing one fourth of a pint. Gill Gill (?), n. [Abbrev. from Gillian.] 1. A young woman; a sweetheart; a flirting or wanton girl. "Each Jack with his Gill." B. Jonson. 2. (Bot.) The ground ivy (Nepeta Glechoma); -- called also gill over the ground, and other like names. 3. Malt liquor medicated with ground ivy. Gill ale. (a) Ale flavored with ground ivy. (b) (Bot.) Alehoof. Gill-flirt Gill"-flirt` (?), n. A thoughtless, giddy girl; a flirt-gill. Sir W. Scott. Gillhouse Gill"house`, n. A shop where gill is sold. Thee shall each alehouse, thee each gillhouse mourn. Pope. Gillian Gil"li*an (?), n. [OE. Gillian, a woman's name, for Julian, Juliana. Cf. Gill a girl.] A girl; esp., a wanton; a gill. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. Gillie Gilly Gil"lie Gil"ly (?), n. [Gael. gille, giolla, boy, lad.] A boy or young man; a manservant; a male attendant, in the Scottish Highlands. Sir W. Scott. Gillyflower Gil"ly*flow`er (?), n. [OE. gilofre, gilofer, clove, OF. girofre, girofle, F. girofle: cf. F. girofl\'82e gillyflower, fr. girofle, Gr. foliage. Cf. Caryophyllus, July-flower.] (Bot.) 1. A name given by old writers to the clove pink (Dianthus Caryophyllus) but now to the common stock (Matthiola incana), a cruciferous plant with showy and fragrant blossoms, usually purplish, but often pink or white. 2. A kind of apple, of a roundish conical shape, purplish red color, and having a large core. [Written also gilliflower.] Clove gillflower, the clove pink. -- Marsh gillyflower, the ragged robin (Lychnis Flos-cuculi). -- Queen's, OR Winter, gillyflower, damewort. -- Sea gillyflower, the thrift (Armeria vulgaris). -- Wall gillyflower, the wallflower (Cheiranthus Cheiri). -- Water gillyflower, the water violet. Gilour Gil"our (?), n. [OF.] A guiler; deceiver. [Obs.] Gilse Gilse (?), n. [W. gleisiad, fr. glas blue.] (Zo\'94l.) See Grilse. Gilt Gilt (?), n. [See Geld, v. t.] (Zo\'94l.) A female pig, when young. Gilt Gilt, imp. & p. p. of Gild. Gilt Gilt, p. p. & a. Gilded; covered with gold; of the color of gold; golden yellow. "Gilt hair" Chaucer. Gilt Gilt, n. 1. Gold, or that which resembles gold, laid on the surface of a thing; gilding. Shak. 2. Money. [Obs.] "The gilt of France." Shak. Gilt-edge, Gilt-edged Gilt"-edge` (?), Gilt"-edged` (?), a. 1. Having a gilt edge; as, gilt-edged paper. 2. Of the best quality; -- said of negotiable paper, etc. [Slang, U. S.] Gilthead Gilt"head` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A marine fish. The name is applied to two species: (a) The Pagrus, OR Chrysophrys, auratus, a valuable food fish common in the Mediterranean (so named from its golden-colored head); -- called also giltpoll. (b) The Crenilabrus melops, of the British coasts; -- called also golden maid, conner, sea partridge. Giltif Gilt"if (?), a. [For gilti, by confusion with -if, -ive, in French forms. See Guilty.] Guilty. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gilttail Gilt"tail` (?), n. A yellow-tailed worm or larva. Gim Gim (?), a. [Cf. Gimp, a.] Neat; spruce. [Prov.] Gimbal, OR Gimbals Gim"bal (?), OR Gim"bals (, n. [See Gimmal, n.] A contrivance for permitting a body to incline freely in all directions, or for suspending anything, as a barometer, ship's compass, chronometer, etc., so that it will remain plumb, or level, when its support is tipped, as by the rolling of a ship. It consists of a ring in which the body can turn on an axis through a diameter of the ring, while the ring itself is so pivoted to its support that it can turn about a diameter at right angles to the first. Gimbal joint (Mach.), a universal joint embodying the principle of the gimbal. -- Gimbal ring, a single gimbal, as that by which the cockeye of the upper millstone is supported on the spindle. Gimblet Gim"blet (?), n. & v. See Gimlet. Gimcrack Gim"crack` (?), n. [OE., a spruce and pert pretender, also, a spruce girl, prob. fr. gim + crack lad, boaster.] A trivial mechanism; a device; a toy; a pretty thing. Arbuthnot. Gimlet Gim"let (?), n. [Also written and pronounced gimbled (] [OF. guimbelet, guibelet, F. gibelet, prob. fr. OD. wimpel, weme, a bore, wemelen to bore, to wimble. See Wimble, n.] A small tool for boring holes. It has a leading screw, a grooved body, and a cross handle. Gimlet eye, a squint-eye. [Colloq.] Wright. Gimlet Gim"let, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gimleted; p. pr. & vb. n. Gimleting.] 1. To pierce or make with a gimlet. 2. (Naut.) To turn round (an anchor) by the stock, with a motion like turning a gimlet. Gimmal Gim"mal (?), n. [Prob. the same word as gemel. See Gemel, and cf. Gimbal.] 1. Joined work whose parts move within each other; a pair or series of interlocked rings. 2. A quaint piece of machinery; a gimmer. [Obs.] Gommal Gom"mal, a. Made or consisting of interlocked ringas, gimmal mail. In their pale dull mouths the gimmal bit Lies foul with chewed grass. Shak. Gimmal joint. See Gimbal joint, under Gimbal. Gimmer, Gimmor Gim"mer, Gim"mor (, n. [Cf. Gimmal, n.] A piece of mechanism; mechanical device or contrivance; a gimcrack. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Shak. _________________________________________________________________ Page 626 Gimp Gimp (?), a. [W. gwymp fair, neat, comely.] Smart; spruce; trim; nice. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Gimp Gimp, n. [OF. guimpe, guimple, a nun's wimple, F. guimpe, OHG. wimpal a veil G. wimpel pennon, pendant. See Wimple, n.] A narrow ornamental fabric of silk, woolen, or cotton, often with a metallic wire, or sometimes a coarse cord, running through it; -- used as trimming for dresses, furniture, etc. Gimp nail, an upholsterer's small nail. Gimp Gimp, v. t. To notch; to indent; to jag. Gin Gin (?), prep. [AS. ge\'a0n. See Again.] Against; near by; towards; as, gin night. [Scot.] A. Ross (1778). Gin Gin, conj. [See Gin, prep.] If. [Scotch] Jamieson. Gin Gin (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gan (?), Gon (Gun (p. pr. & vb. n. Ginning.] [OE. ginnen, AS. ginnan (in comp.), prob. orig., to open, cut open, cf. OHG. inginnan to begin, open, cut open, and prob. akin to AS. g\'c6nan to yawn, and E. yawn. Yawn, v. i., and cf. Begin.] To begin; -- often followed by an infinitive without to; as, gan tell. See Gan. [Obs. or Archaic] "He gan to pray." Chaucer. Gin Gin (?), n. [Contr. from Geneva. See 2d Geneva.] A strong alcoholic liquor, distilled from rye and barley, and flavored with juniper berries; -- also called Hollands and Holland gin, because originally, and still very extensively, manufactured in Holland. Common gin is usually flavored with turpentine. Gin Gin (?), n. [A contraction of engine.] 1. Contrivance; artifice; a trap; a snare. Chaucer. Spenser. 2. (a) A machine for raising or moving heavy weights, consisting of a tripod formed of poles united at the top, with a windlass, pulleys, ropes, etc. (b) (Mining) A hoisting drum, usually vertical; a whim. 3. A machine for separating the seeds from cotton; a cotton gin. NOTE: &hand; Th e na me is al so given to an instrument of torture worked with screws, and to a pump moved by rotary sails. Gin block, a simple form of tackle block, having one wheel, over which a rope runs; -- called also whip gin, rubbish pulley, and monkey wheel. -- Gin power, a form of horse power for driving a cotton gin. -- Gin race, OR Gin ring, the path of the horse when putting a gin in motion. Halliwell. -- Gin saw, a saw used in a cotton gin for drawing the fibers through the grid, leaving the seed in the hopper. -- Gin wheel. (a) In a cotton gin, a wheel for drawing the fiber through the grid; a brush wheel to clean away the lint. (b) (Mining) the drum of a whim. Gin Gin, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Ginned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Ginning.] 1. To catch in a trap. [Obs.] Beau. & Fl. 2. To clear of seeds by a machine; as, to gin cotton. Ging Ging (?), n. Same as Gang, n., 2. [Obs.] There is a knot, a ging, a pack, a conspiracy against me. Shak. Gingal Gin*gal" (?), n. See Jingal. Ginger Gin"ger (?), n. [OE. ginger, gingever, gingivere, OF. gengibre, gingimbre, F. gingembre, L. zingiber, zingiberi, fr. Gr. zenjeb\'c6l, fr. Skr. , prop., hornshaped; horn + v\'89ra body.] 1. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Zingiber, of the East and West Indies. The species most known is Z. officinale. 2. The hot and spicy rootstock of Zingiber officinale, which is much used in cookery and in medicine. Ginger beer OR ale, a mild beer impregnated with ginger. -- Ginger cordial, a liquor made from ginger, raisins, lemon rind, and water, and sometimes whisky or brandy. -- Ginger pop. See Ginger beer (above). -- Ginger wine, wine impregnated with ginger. -- Wild ginger (Bot.), an American herb (Asarum Canadense) with two reniform leaves and a long, cordlike rootstock which has a strong taste of ginger. Gingerbread Gin"ger*bread` (?), n. A kind of plain sweet cake seasoned with ginger, and sometimes made in fanciful shapes. Gingerbread that was full fine." Chaucer. Gingerbread tree (Bot.), the doom palm; -- so called from the resemblance of its fruit to gingerbread. See Doom Palm. -- Gingerbread work, ornamentation, in architecture or decoration, of a fantastic, trivial, or tawdry character. Gingerly Gin"ger*ly, adv. [Prov. E. ginger brittle, tender; cf. dial. Sw. gingla, g\'84ngla, to go gently, totter, akin to E. gang.] Cautiously; timidly; fastidiously; daintily. What is't that you took up so gingerly ? Shak. Gingerness Gin"ger*ness, n. Cautiousness; tenderness. Gingham Ging"ham (?), n. [F. guingan; cf. Jav. ginggang; or perh. fr. Guingamp, in France.] A kind of cotton or linen cloth, usually in stripes or checks, the yarn of which is dyed before it is woven; -- distinguished from printed cotton or prints. Ginging Ging"ing (?), n. (Mining) The lining of a mine shaft with stones or bricks to prevent caving. Gingival Gin"gi*val (?), a. [L. gingiva the gum.] Of or pertaining to the gums. Holder. Gingle Gin"gle (?), n. & v. [Obs.] See Jingle. Ginglyform Gin"gly*form (?), a. (Anat.) Ginglymoid. Ginglymodi Gin`gly*mo"di (?), n. [NL.; cf. Gr. Ginglymoid.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of ganoid fishes, including the modern gar pikes and many allied fossil forms. They have rhombic, ganoid scales, a heterocercal tail, paired fins without an axis, fulcra on the fins, and a bony skeleton, with the vertebr\'91 convex in front and concave behind, forming a ball and socket joint. See Ganoidel. Ginglymoid, Ginglymoidal Gin"gly*moid (?), Gin`gly*moid"al (?), a. [Gr. ginglymoide, ginglymo\'8bdal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to, or resembling, a ginglymus, or hinge joint; ginglyform. Ginglymus Gin"gly*mus (?), n.; pl. Ginglymi (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Anat.) A hinge joint; an articulation, admitting of flexion and extension, or motion in two directions only, as the elbow and the ankle. Ginhouse Gin"house` (?), n. A building where cotton is ginned. Ginkgo Gink"go (?), n.; pl. Ginkgoes (#). [Chin., silver fruit.] (Bot.) A large ornamental tree (Ginkgo biloba) from China and Japan, belonging to the Yew suborder of Conifer\'91. Its leaves are so like those of some maidenhair ferns, that it is also called the maidenhair tree. Ginnee Gin"nee (?), n.; pl. Ginn (. See Jinnee. Ginnet Gin"net (?), n. See Genet, a horse. Ginning Gin"ning (?), n. [See Gin, v. i.] Beginning. [Obs.] Chaucer. Ginny-carriage Gin"ny-car`riage (, n. A small, strong carriage for conveying materials on a railroad. [Eng.] Ginseng Gin"seng (?), n. [Chinese.] (Bot.) A plant of the genus Aralia, the root of which is highly valued as a medicine among the Chinese. The Chinese plant (Aralia Schinseng) has become so rare that the American (A. quinquefolia) has largely taken its place, and its root is now an article of export from America to China. The root, when dry, is of a yellowish white color, with a sweetness in the taste somewhat resembling that of licorice, combined with a slight aromatic bitterness. Ginshop Gin"shop` (?), n. A shop or barroom where gin is sold as a beverage. [Colloq.] Gip Gip (?), v. t. To take out the entrails of (herrings). Gip Gip, n. A servant. See Gyp. Sir W. Scott. Gipoun Gi*poun" (?), n. [See Jupon.] A short cassock. [Written also gepoun, gypoun, jupon, juppon.] [Obs.] Gipser, Gipsire Gip"ser (?), Gip"sire (?), n. [F. gibeci\'8are a game pouch or game pocket. Cf. Gibbier.] A kind of pouch formerly worn at the girdle. Ld. Lytton. A gipser all of silk, Hung at his girdle, white as morn\'82 milk. Chaucer. Gipsy Gip"sy (?), n. a.. See Gypsy. Gipsyism Gip"sy*ism (?), n. See Gypsyism. Giraffe Gi*raffe" (?), n. [F. girafe, Sp. girafa, from Ar. zur\'befa, zar\'befa.] (Zo\'94l.) An African ruminant (Camelopardalis giraffa) related to the deers and antelopes, but placed in a family by itself; the camelopard. It is the tallest of animals, being sometimes twenty feet from the hoofs to the top of the head. Its neck is very long, and its fore legs are much longer than its hind legs. Girandole Gir"an*dole (?), n. [F. See Gyrate.] 1. An ornamental branched candlestick. 2. A flower stand, fountain, or the like, of branching form. 3. (Pyrotechny) A kind of revolving firework. 4. (Fort.) A series of chambers in defensive mines. Farrow. Girasole Girasol Gir"a*sole Gir"a*sol (?), n. [It. girasole, or F. girasol, fr. L. gyrare to turn around + sol sun.] 1. (Bot.) See Heliotrope. [Obs.] 2. (Min.) A variety of opal which is usually milk white, bluish white, or sky blue; but in a bright light it reflects a reddish color. Gird Gird (?), n. [See Yard a measure.] 1. A stroke with a rod or switch; a severe spasm; a twinge; a pang. Conscience . . . is freed from many fearful girds and twinges which the atheist feels. Tillotson. 2. A cut; a sarcastic remark; a gibe; a sneer. I thank thee for that gird, good Tranio. Shak. Gird Gird, v. t. [See Gird, n., and cf. Girde, v.] 1. To strike; to smite. [Obs.] To slay him and to girden off his head. Chaucer. 2. To sneer at; to mock; to gibe. Being moved, he will not spare to gird the gods. Shak. Gird Gird, v. i. To gibe; to sneer; to break a scornful jest; to utter severe sarcasms. Men of all sorts take a pride to gird at me. Shak. Gird Gird (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Girt (?) or Girded; p. pr. & vb. n. Girding.] [OE. girden, gurden, AS. gyrdan; akin to OS. gurdian, D. gorden, OHG. gurten, G. g\'81rten, Icel. gyr, Sw. gjorda, Dan. giorde, Goth. biga\'a1rdan to begird, and prob. to E. yard an inclosure. Cf. Girth, n. & v., Girt, v. t.] 1. To encircle or bind with any flexible band. 2. To make fast, as clothing, by binding with a cord, girdle, bandage, etc. 3. To surround; to encircle, or encompass. That Nyseian isle, Girt with the River Triton. Milton. 4. To clothe; to swathe; to invest. I girded thee about with fine linen. Ezek. xvi. 10. The Son . . . appeared Girt with omnipotence. Milton. 5. To prepare; to make ready; to equip; as, to gird one's self for a contest. Thou hast girded me with strength. Ps. xviii. 39. To gird on, to put on; to fasten around or to one securely, like a girdle; as, to gird on armor or a sword. Let not him that girdeth on his harness boast himself as he that putteth it off. 1 Kings xx. 11. -- To gird up, to bind tightly with a girdle; to support and strengthen, as with a girdle. He girded up his loins, and ran before Ahab. 1 Kings xviii. 46. Gird up the loins of your mind. 1 Pet. i. 13. -- Girt up; prepared or equipped, as for a journey or for work, in allusion to the ancient custom of gathering the long flowing garments into the girdle and tightening it before any exertion; hence, adjectively, eagerly or constantly active; strenuous; striving. "A severer, more girt-up way of living." J. C. Shairp. Girder Gird"er (?), n. [From Gird to sneer at.] One who girds; a satirist. Girder Gird"er, n. [From Gird to encircle.] 1. One who, or that which, girds. 2. (Arch. & Engin.) A main beam; a stright, horizontal beam to span an opening or carry weight, such as ends of floor beams, etc.; hence, a framed or built-up member discharging the same office, technically called a compound girder. See Illusts. of Frame, and Doubleframed floor, under Double. Bowstring girder, Box girder, etc. See under Bowstring, Box, etc. -- Girder bridge. See under Bridge. -- Lattice girder, a girder consisting of longitudinal bars united by diagonal crossing bars. -- Half-lattice girder, a girder consisting of horizontal upper and lower bars connected by a series of diagonal bars sloping alternately in opposite directions so as to divide the space between the bars into a series of triangles. Knight. -- Sandwich girder, a girder consisting of two parallel wooden beams, between which is an iron plate, the whole clamped together by iron bolts. Girding Gird"ing, n. That with which one is girded; a girdle. Instead of a stomacher, a girding of sackcloth. Is. iii. 24. Girdle Gir"dle (?), n. A griddle. [Scot. & Prov. Eng.] Girdle Gir"dle, n. [OE. gurdel, girdel, AS. gyrdel, fr. gyrdan; akin to D. gordel, G. g\'81rtel, Icel. gyr. See Gird, v. t., to encircle, and cf. Girth, n.] 1. That which girds, encircles, or incloses; a circumference; a belt; esp., a belt, sash, or article of dress encircling the body usually at the waist; a cestus. Within the girdle of these walls. Shak. Their breasts girded with golden girdles. Rev. xv. 6. 2. The zodiac; also, the equator. [Poetic] Bacon. From the world's girdle to the frozen pole. Cowper. That gems the starry girdle of the year. Campbell. 3. (Jewelry) The line ofgreatest circumference of a brilliant-cut diamond, at which it is grasped by the setting. See Illust. of Brilliant. Knight. 4. (Mining) A thin bed or stratum of stone. Raymond. 5. (Zo\'94l.) The clitellus of an earthworm. Girdle bone (Anat.), the sphenethmoid. See under Sphenethmoid. -- Girdle wheel, a spinning wheel. -- Sea girdle (Zo\'94l.), a ctenophore. See Venus's girdle, under Venus. -- Shoulder, Pectoral, AND Pelvic, girdle. (Anat.) See under Pectoral, and Pelvic. -- To have under the girdle, to have bound to one, that is, in subjection. Girdle Gir"dle, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Girdled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Girdling (?).] 1. To bind with a belt or sash; to gird. Shak. 2. To inclose; to environ; to shut in. Those sleeping stones, That as a waist doth girdle you about. Shak. 3. To make a cut or gnaw a groove around (a tree, etc.) through the bark and alburnum, thus killing it. [U. S.] Girdler Gir"dler (?), n. 1. One who girdles. 2. A maker of girdles. 3. (Zo\'94l.) An American longicorn beetle (Oncideres cingulatus) which lays its eggs in the twigs of the hickory, and then girdles each branch by gnawing a groove around it, thus killing it to provide suitable food for the larv\'91. Girdlestead Gir"dle*stead (?), n. [Girdle + stead place.] 1. That part of the body where the girdle is worn. [Obs.] Sheathed, beneath his girdlestead. Chapman. 2. The lap. [R.] There fell a flower into her girdlestead. Swinburne. Gire Gire (?), n. [Obs.] See Gyre. Girkin Gir"kin (?), n. [Obs.] See Gherkin. Girl Girl (?), n. [OE. girle, gerle, gurle, a girl (in sense 1): cf. LG. g\'94r child.] 1. A young person of either sex; a child. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. A female child, from birth to the age of puberty; a young maiden. 3. A female servant; a maidservant. [U. S.] 4. (Zo\'94l.) A roebuck two years old. [Prov. Eng.] Girlhood Girl"hood (?), n. State or time of being a girl. Girlish Girl"ish, a. Like, or characteristic of, a girl; of or pertaining to girlhood; innocent; artless; immature; weak; as, girlish ways; girlish grief. -- Girl"ish*ly, adv. -- Girl"ish*ness, n. Girlond Gir"lond (?), n. [See Garland, n.] A garland; a prize. [Obs.] Chapman. Girn Girn (?), v. i. [See Grin, n.] To grin. [Obs.] Girondist Gi*ron"dist (?), n. [F. Girondiste.] A member of the moderate republican party formed in the French legislative assembly in 1791. The Girondists were so called because their leaders were deputies from the department of La Gironde. Girondist Gi*ron"dist, a. Of or pertaining to the Girondists. [Written also Girondin.] Girrock Gir"rock (?), n. [Cf. Prov. F. chicarou.] (Zo\'94l.) A garfish. Johnson. Girt Girt (?), imp. & p. p. of Gird. Girt Girt, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Girted; p. pr. & vb. n. Girting.] [From Girt, n., cf. Girth, v.] To gird; to encircle; to invest by means of a girdle; to measure the girth of; as, to girt a tree. We here create thee the first duke of Suffolk, And girt thee with the sword. Shak. Girt Girt, a. (Naut.) Bound by a cable; -- used of a vessel so moored by two anchors that she swings against one of the cables by force of the current or tide. _________________________________________________________________ Page 627 Girt Girt (?), n. Same as Girth. Girth Girth (?), n. [Icel. gj\'94r girdle, or ger girth; akin to Goth. ga\'a1rda girdle. See Gird to girt, and cf. Girdle, n.] 1. A band or strap which encircles the body; especially, one by which a saddle is fastened upon the back of a horse. 2. The measure round the body, as at the waist or belly; the circumference of anything. He's a lu sty, jolly fellow, that lives well, at least three yards in the girth. Addison. 3. A small horizontal brace or girder. Girth Girth, v. t. [From Girth, n., cf. Girt, v. t.] To bind as with a girth. [R.] Johnson. Girtline Girt"line` (?), n. (Naut.) A gantline. Hammock girtline, a line rigged for hanging out hammocks to dry. Gisarm Gis*arm" (?), n. [OF. gisarme, guisarme.] (Medi\'91val Armor) A weapon with a scythe-shaped blade, and a separate long sharp point, mounted on a long staff and carried by foot soldiers. Gise Gise (?), v. t. [See Agist.] To feed or pasture. [Obs.] Gise Gise (?), n. Guise; manner. [Obs.] Chaucer. Gisle Gis"le (?), n. [AS. g\'c6sel; akin to G. geisel, Icel. g\'c6sl.] A pledge. [Obs.] Bp. Gibson. Gismondine, Gismondite Gis*mon"dine (?), Gis*mon"dite (?), n. [From the name of the discoverer, Gismondi.] (Min.) A native hydrated silicate of alumina, lime, and potash, first noticed near Rome. Gist Gist (?), n. [OF. giste abode, lodgings, F. g\'8cte, fr. g\'82sir to lie, L. jac, prop., to be thrown, hence, to lie, fr. jacre to throw. In the second sense fr. OF. gist, F. g\'8ct, 3d pers. sing. ind. of g\'82sir to lie, used in a proverb, F., c'est l\'85 que g\'8ct le li\'8avre, it is there that the hare lies, i. e., that is the point, the difficulty. See Jet a shooting forth, and cf. Agist, Joist, n., Gest a stage in traveling.] 1. A resting place. [Obs.] These quails have their set gists; to wit, ordinary resting and baiting places. Holland. 2. The main point, as of a question; the point on which an action rests; the pith of a matter; as, the gist of a question. Git Git (?), n. (Founding) See Geat. Gite Gite (?), n. A gown. [Obs.] She came often in a gite of red. Chaucer. Gith Gith (?), n. [Prov. E., corn cockle; cf. W. gith corn cockle.] (Bot.) The corn cockle; also anciently applied to the Nigella, or fennel flower. Gittern Git"tern (?), n. [OE. giterne, OF. guiterne, ultimately from same source as E. guitar. See Guitar, and cf. Cittern.] An instrument like a guitar. "Harps, lutes, and giternes." Chaucer. Gittern Git"tern, v. i. To play on gittern. Milton. Gittith Git"tith (?), n. [Heb.] A musical instrument, of unknown character, supposed by some to have been used by the people of Gath, and thence obtained by David. It is mentioned in the title of Psalms viii., lxxxi., and lxxxiv. Dr. W. Smith. Guist Guist (?), n. [Obs.] Same as Joust. Spenser. Giusto Gius"to (?), a. [It., fr. L. justus. See Just, a.] (Mus.) In just, correct, or suitable time. Give Give (?), v. t. [imp. Gave (?); p. p. Given (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Giving.] [OE. given, yiven, yeven, AS. gifan, giefan; akin to D. geven, OS. g, OHG. geban, Icel. gefa, Sw. gifva, Dan. give, Goth. giban. Cf. Gift, n.] 1. To bestow without receiving a return; to confer without compensation; to impart, as a possession; to grant, as authority or permission; to yield up or allow. For generous lords had rather give than pay. Young. 2. To yield possesion of; to deliver over, as property, in exchange for something; to pay; as, we give the value of what we buy. What shall a man give in exchange for his soul ? Matt. xvi. 26. 3. To yield; to furnish; to produce; to emit; as, flint and steel give sparks. 4. To communicate or announce, as advice, tidings, etc.; to pronounce; to render or utter, as an opinion, a judgment, a sentence, a shout, etc. 5. To grant power or license to; to permit; to allow; to license; to commission. It is given me once again to behold my friend. Rowe. Then give thy friend to shed the sacred wine. Pope. 6. To exhibit as a product or result; to produce; to show; as, the number of men, divided by the number of ships, gives four hundred to each ship. 7. To devote; to apply; used reflexively, to devote or apply one's self; as, the soldiers give themselves to plunder; also in this sense used very frequently in the past participle; as, the people are given to luxury and pleasure; the youth is given to study. 8. (Logic & Math.) To set forth as a known quantity or a known relation, or as a premise from which to reason; -- used principally in the passive form given. 9. To allow or admit by way of supposition. I give not heaven for lost. Mlton. 10. To attribute; to assign; to adjudge. I don't wonder at people's giving him to me as a lover. Sheridan. 11. To excite or cause to exist, as a sensation; as, to give offense; to give pleasure or pain. 12. To pledge; as, to give one's word. 13. To cause; to make; -- with the infinitive; as, to give one to understand, to know, etc. But there the duke was given to understand That in a gondola were seen together Lorenzo and his amorous Jessica. Shak. To give away, to make over to another; to transfer. Whatsoever we employ in charitable uses during our lives, is given away from ourselves. Atterbury. -- To give back, to return; to restore. Atterbury. -- To give the bag, to cheat. [Obs.] I fear our ears have given us the bag. J. Webster. -- To give birth to. (a) To bear or bring forth, as a child. (b) To originate; to give existence to, as an enterprise, idea. -- To give chase, to pursue. -- To give ear to. See under Ear. -- To give forth, to give out; to publish; to tell. Hayward. -- To give ground. See under Ground, n. -- To give the hand, to pledge friendship or faith. -- To give the hand of, to espouse; to bestow in marriage. -- To give the head. See under Head, n. -- To give in. (a) To abate; to deduct. (b) To declare; to make known; to announce; to tender; as, to give in one's adhesion to a party. -- To give the lie to (a person), to tell (him) that he lies. -- To give line. See under Line. -- To give off, to emit, as steam, vapor, odor, etc. -- To give one's self away, to make an inconsiderate surrender of one's cause, an unintentional disclosure of one's purposes, or the like. [Colloq.] -- To give out. (a) To utter publicly; to report; to announce or declare. One that gives out himself Prince Florizel. Shak. Give out you are of Epidamnum. Shak. (b) To send out; to emit; to distribute; as, a substance gives out steam or odors. -- To give over. (a) To yield completely; to quit; to abandon. (b) To despair of. (c) To addict, resign, or apply (one's self). The Babylonians had given themselves over to all manner of vice. Grew. -- To give place, to withdraw; to yield one's claim. -- To give points. (a) In games of skill, to equalize chances by conceding a certain advantage; to allow a handicap. (b) To give useful suggestions. [Colloq.] -- To give rein. See under Rein, n. -- To give the sack . Same as To give the bag. -- To give and take. (a) To average gains and losses. (b) To exchange freely, as blows, sarcasms, etc. -- To give time (Law), to accord extension or forbearance to a debtor. Abbott. -- To give the time of day, to salute one with the compliment appropriate to the hour, as "good morning." "good evening", etc. -- To give tongue, in hunter's phrase, to bark; -- said of dogs. -- To give up. (a) To abandon; to surrender. "Don't give up the ship." He has . . . given up For certain drops of salt, your city Rome. Shak. (b) To make public; to reveal. I'll not state them By giving up their characters. Beau. & Fl. (c) (Used also reflexively.) -- To give up the ghost. See under Ghost. -- To give one's self up, to abandon hope; to despair; to surrender one's self. -- To give way. (a) To withdraw; to give place. (b) To yield to force or pressure; as, the scaffolding gave way. (c) (Naut.) To begin to row; or to row with increased energy. (d) (Stock Exchange). To depreciate or decline in value; as, railroad securities gave way two per cent. -- To give way together, to row in time; to keep stroke. Syn. -- To Give, Confer, Grant. To give is the generic word, embracing all the rest. To confer was originally used of persons in power, who gave permanent grants or privileges; as, to confer the order of knighthood; and hence it still denotes the giving of something which might have been withheld; as, to confer a favor. To grant is to give in answer to a petition or request, or to one who is in some way dependent or inferior. Give Give (?), v. i. 1. To give a gift or gifts. 2. To yield to force or pressure; to relax; to become less rigid; as, the earth gives under the feet. 3. To become soft or moist. [Obs.] Bacon . 4. To move; to recede. Now back he gives, then rushes on amain. Daniel. 5. To shed tears; to weep. [Obs.] Whose eyes do never give But through lust and laughter. Shak. 6. To have a misgiving. [Obs.] My mind gives ye're reserved To rob poor market women. J. Webster. 7. To open; to lead. [A Gallicism] This, yielding, gave into a grassy walk. Tennyson. To give back, to recede; to retire; to retreat. They gave back and came no farther. Bunyan. -- To give in, to yield; to succumb; to acknowledge one's self beaten; to cease opposition. The Scots battalion was enforced to give in. Hayward. This consideration may induce a translator to give in to those general phrases. Pope. -- To give off, to cease; to forbear. [Obs.] Locke. -- To give on OR upon. (a) To rush; to fall upon. [Obs.] (b) To have a view of; to be in sight of; to overlook; to look toward; to open upon; to front; to face. [A Gallicism: cf. Fr. donner sur.] Rooms which gave upon a pillared porch. Tennyson. The gloomy staircase on which the grating gave. Dickens. -- To give out. (a) To expend all one's strength. Hence: (b) To cease from exertion; to fail; to be exhausted; as, my feet being to give out; the flour has given out. -- To give over, to cease; to discontinue; to desist. It would be well for all authors, if they knew when to give over, and to desist from any further pursuits after fame. Addison. -- To give up, to cease from effort; to yield; to despair; as, he would never give up. Given Giv"en (?), p. p. & a. from Give, v. 1. (Math. & Logic) Granted; assumed; supposed to be known; set forth as a known quantity, relation, or premise. 2. Disposed; inclined; -- used with an adv.; as, virtuously given. Shak. 3. Stated; fixed; as, in a given time. Given name, the Christian name, or name given by one's parents or guardians, as distinguished from the surname, which is inherited. [Colloq.] Giver Giv"er (?), n. One who gives; a donor; a bestower; a grantor; one who imparts or distributes. It is the giver, and not the gift, that engrosses the heart of the Christian. Kollock. Gives Gives (?), n. pl. [See Give, n.] Fetters. Giving Giv"ing (?), n. 1. The act of bestowing as a gift; a conferring or imparting. 2. A gift; a benefaction. [R.] Pope. 3. The act of softening, breaking, or yielding. "Upon the first giving of the weather." Addison. Giving in, a falling inwards; a collapse. -- Giving out, anything uttered or asserted; an outgiving. His givings out were of an infinite distance From his true meant design. Shak. Gizzard Giz"zard (?), n. [F. g\'82sier, L. gigeria, pl., the cooked entrails of poultry. Cf. Gigerium.] 1. (Anat.) The second, or true, muscular stomach of birds, in which the food is crushed and ground, after being softened in the glandular stomach (crop), or lower part of the esophagus; the gigerium. 2. (Zo\'94l.) (a) A thick muscular stomach found in many invertebrate animals. (b) A stomach armed with chitinous or shelly plates or teeth, as in certain insects and mollusks. Gizzard shad (Zo\'94l.), an American herring (Dorosoma cepedianum) resembling the shad, but of little value. -- To fret the gizzard, to harass; to vex one's self; to worry. [Low] Hudibras. -- To stick in one's gizzard, to be difficult of digestion; to be offensive. [Low] Glabella Gla*bel"la (?), n.; pl. Glabell (#). [NL., fr. L. glabellus hairless, fr. glaber bald.] (Anat.) The space between the eyebrows, also including the corresponding part of the frontal bone; the mesophryon. -- Gla*bel"lar (#), a. Glabellum Gla*bel"lum (?), n.; pl. Glabella (#). [NL. See Glabella.] (Zo\'94l.) The median, convex lobe of the head of a trilobite. See Trilobite. Glabrate Gla"brate (?), a. [L. glabrare, fr. glaber smooth.] (Bot.) Becoming smooth or glabrous from age. Gray. Glabreate, Glabriate Gla"bre*ate (?), Gla"bri*ate (?), v. t. [See Glabrate.] To make smooth, plain, or bare. [Obs.] Glabrity Glab"ri*ty (?), n. [L. glabritas.] Smoothness; baldness. [R.] Glabrous Gla"brous (?), a. [L. glaber; cf. Gr. Smooth; having a surface without hairs or any unevenness. Glacial Gla"cial (?), a. [L. glacialis, from glacies ice: cf. F. glacial.] 1. Pertaining to ice or to its action; consisting of ice; frozen; icy; esp., pertaining to glaciers; as, glacial phenomena. Lyell. 2. (Chem.) Resembling ice; having the appearance and consistency of ice; -- said of certain solid compounds; as, glacial phosphoric or acetic acids. Glacial acid (Chem.), an acid of such strength or purity as to crystallize at an ordinary temperature, in an icelike form; as acetic or carbolic acid. -- Glacial drift (Geol.), earth and rocks which have been transported by moving ice, land ice, or icebergs; bowlder drift. -- Glacial epoch OR period (Geol.), a period during which the climate of the modern temperate regions was polar, and ice covered large portions of the northern hemisphere to the mountain tops. -- Glacial theory OR hypothesis. (Geol.) See Glacier theory, under Glacier. Glacialist Gla"cial*ist, n. One who attributes the phenomena of the drift, in geology, to glaciers. Glaciate Gla"ci*ate (?), v. i. [L. glaciatus, p. p. of glaciare to freeze, fr. glacies ice.] To turn to ice. Glaciate Gla"ci*ate, v. t. 1. To convert into, or cover with, ice. 2. (Geol.) To produce glacial effects upon, as in the scoring of rocks, transportation of loose material, etc. Glaciated rocks, rocks whose surfaces have been smoothed, furrowed, or striated, by the action of ice. Glaciation Gla`ci*a"tion (?), n. 1. Act of freezing. 2. That which is formed by freezing; ice. 3. The process of glaciating, or the state of being glaciated; the production of glacial phenomena. Glacier Gla"cier (?), n. [F. glacier, fr. glace ice, L. glacies.] An immense field or stream of ice, formed in the region of perpetual snow, and moving slowly down a mountain slope or valley, as in the Alps, or over an extended area, as in Greenland. NOTE: &hand; The mass of compacted snow forming the upper part of a glacier is called the firn, or n\'82v\'82; the glacier proper consist of solid ice, deeply crevassed where broken up by irregularities in the slope or direction of its path. A glacier usually carries with it accumulations of stones and dirt called moraines, which are designated, according to their position, as lateral, medial, or terminal (see Moraine). The common rate of flow of the Alpine glaciers is from ten to twenty inches per day in summer, and about half that in winter. Glacier theory (Geol.), the theory that large parts of the frigid and temperate zones were covered with ice during the glacial, or ice, period, and that, by the agency of this ice, the loose materials on the earth's surface, called drift or diluvium, were transported and accumulated. Glacious Gla"cious (?), a. Pertaining to, consisting of or resembling, ice; icy. Sir T. Browne. Glacis Gla"cis (?), n. [F. glacis; -- so named from its smoothness. See Glacier.] A gentle slope, or a smooth, gently sloping bank; especially (Fort.), that slope of earth which inclines from the covered way toward the exterior ground or country (see Illust. of Ravelin). _________________________________________________________________ Page 628 Glad Glad (?), a. [Compar. Gladder (?); superl. Gladdest (?).] [AS. gl\'91d bright, glad; akin to D. glad smooth, G. glatt, OHG. glat smooth, shining, Icel. gla glad, bright, Dan. & Sw. glad glad, Lith. glodas smooth, and prob. to L. glaber, and E. glide. Cf. Glabrous.] 1. Pleased; joyous; happy; cheerful; gratified; -- opposed to sorry, sorrowful, or unhappy; -- said of persons, and often followed by of, at, that, or by the infinitive, and sometimes by with, introducing the cause or reason. A wise son maketh a glad father. Prov. x. 1. He that is glad at calamities shall not be unpunished. Prov. xvii. 5. The Trojan, glad with sight of hostile blood. Dryden. He, glad of her attention gained. Milton. As we are now glad to behold your eyes. Shak. Glad am I that your highness is so armed. Shak. Glad on 't, glad of it. [Colloq.] Shak. 2. Wearing a gay or bright appearance; expressing or exciting joy; producing gladness; exhilarating. Her conversation More glad to me than to a miser money is. Sir P. Sidney. Glad evening and glad morn crowned the fourth day. Milton. Syn. -- Pleased; gratified; exhilarated; animated; delighted; happy; cheerful; joyous; joyful; cheering; exhilarating; pleasing; animating. -- Glad, Delighted, Gratified. Delighted expresses a much higher degree of pleasure than glad. Gratified always refers to a pleasure conferred by some human agent, and the feeling is modified by the consideration that we owe it in part to another. A person may be glad or delighted to see a friend, and gratified at the attention shown by his visits. Glad Glad, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gladded; p. pr. & vb. n. Gladding.] [AS. gladian. See Glad, a., and cf. Gladden, v. t.] To make glad; to cheer; to gladden; to exhilarate. Chaucer. That which gladded all the warrior train. Dryden. Each drinks the juice that glads the heart of man. Pope. Glad Glad, v. i. To be glad; to rejoice. [Obs.] Massinger. Gladden Glad"den (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gladdened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gladdening (?).] [See Glad, v. t.] To make glad; to cheer; to please; to gratify; to rejoice; to exhilarate. A secret pleasure gladdened all that saw him. Addison. Gladden Glad"den, v. i. To be or become glad; to rejoice. The vast Pacific gladdens with the freight. Wordsworth. Gladder Glad"der (?), n. One who makes glad. Chaucer. Glade Glade (?), n. [Prob. of Scand. origin, and akin to glad, a.; cf. also W. golead, goleuad, a lighting, illumination, fr. goleu light, clear, bright, goleu fwlch glade, lit., a light or clear defile.] 1. An open passage through a wood; a grassy open or cleared space in a forest. There interspersed in lawns and opening glades. Pope. 2. An everglade. [Local, U. S.] 3. An opening in the ice of rivers or lakes, or a place left unfrozen; also, smooth ice. [Local, U. S.] Bottom glade. See under Bottom. -- Glade net, in England, a net used for catching woodcock and other birds in forest glades. Gladen Gla"den (?), n. [AS. gl\'91dene, cf. L. gladius a sword. Cf. Gladiole.] (Bot.) Sword grass; any plant with sword-shaped leaves, esp. the European Iris f\'d2tidissima. [Written also gladwyn, gladdon, and glader.] Gladeye Glad"eye` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The European yellow-hammer. Gladful Glad"ful (?), a. Full of gladness; joyful; glad. [R.] -- Glad"ful*ness, n. [R.] Spenser. It followed him with gladful glee. Spenser. Gladiate Glad"i*ate (?), a. [L. gladius sword.] (Bot.) Sword-shaped; resembling a sword in form, as the leaf of the iris, or of the gladiolus. Gladiator Glad"i*a`tor (?), n. [L., fr. gladius sword. See Glaive.] 1. Originally, a swordplayer; hence, one who fought with weapons in public, either on the occasion of a funeral ceremony, or in the arena, for public amusement. 2. One who engages in any fierce combat or controversy. Gladiatorial, Gladiatorian Glad`i*a*to"ri*al (?), Glad`i*a*to"ri*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to gladiators, or to contests or combatants in general. Gladiatorism Glad"i*a`tor*ism (?), n. The art or practice of a gladiator. Gladiatorship Glad"i*a`tor*ship, n. Conduct, state, or art, of a gladiator. Gladiatory Glad"i*a*to*ry (?), a. [L. gladiatorius.] Gladiatorial. [R.] Gladiature Glad"i*a*ture (?), n. [L. gladiatura.] Swordplay; fencing; gladiatorial contest. Gayton. Gladiole Glad"i*ole (?), n. [L. gladiolus a small sword, the sword lily, dim. of gladius sword. See Glaive.] (Bot.) A lilylike plant, of the genus Gladiolus; -- called also corn flag. Gladiolus Gla*di"o*lus (?), n.; pl. L. Gladioli (#), E. Gladioluses (#). [L. See Gladiole.] 1. (Bot.) A genus of plants having bulbous roots and gladiate leaves, and including many species, some of which are cultivated and valued for the beauty of their flowers; the corn flag; the sword lily. 2. (Anat.) The middle portion of the sternum in some animals; the mesosternum. Gladius Gla"di*us (?), n.; pl. Gladii (#). [L., a sword.] (Zo\'94l.) The internal shell, or pen, of cephalopods like the squids. Gladly Glad"ly (?), adv. [From Glad, a.] 1. Preferably; by choice. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. With pleasure; joyfully; cheerfully; eagerly. The common people heard him gladly. Mark xii. 37. Gladness Glad"ness (?), n. [AS. gl\'91dnes.] State or quality of being glad; pleasure; joyful satisfaction; cheerfulness. They . . . did eat their meat with gladness and singleness of heart. Acts ii. 46. NOTE: &hand; Gl adness is ra rely or ne ver eq uivalent to mirth, merriment, gayety, and triumph, and it usually expresses less than delight. It sometimes expresses great joy. The Jews had joy and gladness, a feast and a good day. Esther viii. 17. Gladship Glad"ship, n. [AS. gl\'91dscipe.] A state of gladness. [Obs.] Gower. Gladsome Glad"some (?), a. 1. Pleased; joyful; cheerful. 2. Causing joy, pleasure, or cheerfulness; having the appearance of gayety; pleasing. Of opening heaven they sung, and gladsome day. Prior. -- Glad"some*ly, adv. -- Glad"some*ness, n. Hours of perfect gladsomeness. Wordsworth. Gladstone Glad"stone (?), n. [Named after Wm. E. Gladstone.] A four-wheeled pleasure carriage with two inside seats, calash top, and seats for driver and footman. Gladwyn Glad"wyn (?), n. (Bot.) See Gladen. Glair Glair (?), n. [F. glaire, glaire d'clarus clear, bright. See Clear, a.] 1. The white of egg. It is used as a size or a glaze in bookbinding, for pastry, etc. 2. Any viscous, transparent substance, resembling the white of an egg. 3. A broadsword fixed on a pike; a kind of halberd. Glair Glair, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glaired (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glairing.] To smear with the white of an egg. Glaire Glaire (?), n. See Glair. Glaireous Glair"e*ous (?), a. Glairy; covered with glair. Glairin Glair"in (?), n. A glairy viscous substance, which forms on the surface of certain mineral waters, or covers the sides of their inclosures; -- called also baregin. Glairy Glair"y (?), a. Like glair, or partaking of its qualities; covered with glair; viscous and transparent; slimy. Wiseman. Glaive Glaive (?), n. [F. glaive, L. gladius; prob. akin to E. claymore. Cf. Gladiator.] 1. A weapon formerly used, consisting of a large blade fixed on the end of a pole, whose edge was on the outside curve; also, a light lance with a long sharp-pointed head. Wilhelm. 2. A sword; -- used poetically and loosely. The glaive which he did wield. Spenser. Glama Gla"ma (?), n. [NL.;cf. Gr. gramiae, Gr. (Med.) A copious gummy secretion of the humor of the eyelids, in consequence of some disorder; blearedness; lippitude. Glamour Gla"mour (?), n. [Scot. glamour, glamer; cf. Icel. gl\'a0meggdr one who is troubled with the glaucoma (?); or Icel. gl\'bem-s weakness of sight, glamour; gl\'bemr name of the moon, also of a ghost + s sight akin to E. see. Perh., however, a corruption of E. gramarye.] 1. A charm affecting the eye, making objects appear different from what they really are. 2. Witchcraft; magic; a spell. Tennyson. 3. A kind of haze in the air, causing things to appear different from what they really are. The air filled with a strange, pale glamour that seemed to lie over the broad valley. W. Black. 4. Any artificial interest in, or association with, an object, through which it appears delusively magnified or glorified. Glamour gift, Glamour might, the gift or power of producing a glamour. The former is used figuratively, of the gift of fascination peculiar to women. It had much of glamour might To make a lady seem a knight. Sir W. Scott. Glamourie Glam"ou*rie (?), n. Glamour. [Scot.] Glance Glance (?), n. [Akin to D. glans luster, brightness, G. glanz, Sw. glans, D. glands brightness, glimpse. Cf. Gleen, Glint, Glitter, and Glance a mineral.] 1. A sudden flash of light or splendor. Swift as the lightning glance. Milton. 2. A quick cast of the eyes; a quick or a casual look; a swift survey; a glimpse. Dart not scornful glances from those eyes. Shak. 3. An incidental or passing thought or allusion. How fleet is a glance of the mind. Cowper. 4. (Min.) A name given to some sulphides, mostly dark-colored, which have a brilliant metallic luster, as the sulphide of copper, called copper glance. Glance coal, anthracite; a mineral composed chiefly of carbon. -- Glance cobalt, cobaltite, or gray cobalt. -- Glance copper, c -- Glance wood, a hard wood grown in Cuba, and used for gauging instruments, carpenters' rules, etc. McElrath. Glance Glance, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glanced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glancing (?).] 1. To shoot or emit a flash of light; to shine; to flash. From art, from nature, from the schools, Let random influences glance, Like light in many a shivered lance, That breaks about the dappled pools. Tennyson. 2. To strike and fly off in an oblique direction; to dart aside. "Your arrow hath glanced". Shak. On me the curse aslope Glanced on the ground. Milton. 3. To look with a sudden, rapid cast of the eye; to snatch a momentary or hasty view. The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven. Shak. 4. To make an incidental or passing reflection; to allude; to hint; -- often with at. Wherein obscurely C\'91sar\'b6s ambition shall be glanced at. Shak. He glanced at a certain reverend doctor. Swift. 5. To move quickly, appearing and disappearing rapidly; to be visible only for an instant at a time; to move interruptedly; to twinkle. And all along the forum and up the sacred seat, His vulture eye pursued the trip of those small glancing feet. Macaulay. Glance Glance (?), v. t. 1. To shoot or dart suddenly or obliquely; to cast for a moment; as, to glance the eye. 2. To hint at; to touch lightly or briefly. [Obs.] In company I often glanced it. Shak. Glancing Glan"cing (?), a. 1. Shooting, as light. When through the gancing lightnings fly. Rowe. 2. Flying off (after striking) in an oblique direction; as, a glancing shot. Glancingly Glan"cing*ly, adv. In a glancing manner; transiently; incidentally; indirectly. Hakewill. Gland Gland (?), n. [F. glande, L. glans, glandis, acorn; akin to Gr. Parable, n.] 1. (Anat.) (a) An organ for secreting something to be used in, or eliminated from, the body; as, the sebaceous glands of the skin; the salivary glands of the mouth. (b) An organ or part which resembles a secreting, or true, gland, as the ductless, lymphatic, pineal, and pituitary glands, the functions of which are very imperfectly known. NOTE: &hand; Th e tr ue se creting glands are, in principle, narrow pouches of the mucous membranes, or of the integument, lined with a continuation of the epithelium, or of the epidermis, the cells of which produce the secretion from the blood. In the larger glands, the pouches are tubular, greatly elongated, and coiled, as in the sweat glands, or subdivided and branched, making compound and racemose glands, such as the pancreas. 2. (Bot.) (a) A special organ of plants, usually minute and globular, which often secretes some kind of resinous, gummy, or aromatic product. (b) Any very small prominence. 3. (Steam Mach.) The movable part of a stuffing box by which the packing is compressed; -- sometimes called a follower. See Illust. of Stuffing box, under Stuffing. 4. (Mach.) The crosspiece of a bayonet clutch. Glandage Glan"dage (?), n. [Cf. OF. glandage. See Gland.] A feeding on nuts or mast. [Obs.] Crabb. Glandered Glan"dered (?), a. Affected with glanders; as, a glandered horse. Yu Glanderous Glan"der*ous (?), a. Of or pertaining to glanders; of the nature of glanders. Youatt. Glanders Glan"ders (?), n. [From Gland.] (Far.) A highly contagious and very destructive disease of horses, asses, mules, etc., characterized by a constant discharge of sticky matter from the nose, and an enlargement and induration of the glands beneath and within the lower jaw. It may transmitted to dogs, goats, sheep, and to human beings. Glandiferous Glan*dif"er*ous (?), a. [L. glandifer; glans, glandis, acorn + ferre to bear; cf. F. glandif\'8are.] Bearing acorns or other nuts; as, glandiferous trees. Glandiform Gland"i*form (?), a. [L. glans, glandis, acorn + -form: cf. F. glandiforme .] Having the form of a gland or nut; resembling a gland. Glandular Glan"du*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. glandulaire. See Glandule.] Containing or supporting glands; consisting of glands; pertaining to glands. Glandulation Glan`du*la"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. glandulation.] (Bot.) The situation and structure of the secretory vessels in plants. Martyn. Glandulation respects the secretory vessels, which are either glandules, follicles, or utricles. J. Lee. Glandule Glan"dule (?), n. [L. glandula, dim. of glans, glandis, acorn: cf. F. glandule. See Gland.] A small gland or secreting vessel. Glanduliferous Glan`du*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. glandula gland + -ferous; cf. F. glandulif\'8are.] Bearing glandules. Glandulose Glan"du*lose` (?), a. Same as Glandulous. Glandulosity Glan`du*los"i*ty (?), n. Quality of being glandulous; a collection of glands. [R.] Sir T. Browne. Glandulous Glan"du*lous (?), a. [L. glandulosus: cf. F. glanduleux.] Containing glands; consisting of glands; pertaining to glands; resembling glands. Glans Glans (?) n.; pl. Glandes (#). [L. See Gland.] 1. (Anat.) The vascular body which forms the apex of the penis, and the extremity of the clitoris. 2. (Bot.) The acorn or mast of the oak and similar fruits. Gray. 3. (Med.) (a) Goiter. (b) A pessary. [Obs.] Glare Glare (gl&acir;r), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glared (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glaring.] [OE. glaren, gloren; cf. AS. gl\'91r amber, LG. glaren to glow or burn like coals, D. gloren to glimmer; prob. akin to E. glass.] 1. To shine with a bright, dazzling light. The cavern glares with new-admitted light. Dryden. 2. To look with fierce, piercing eyes; to stare earnestly, angrily, or fiercely. And eye that scorcheth all it glares upon. Byron. 3. To be bright and intense, as certain colors; to be ostentatiously splendid or gay. She glares in balls, front boxes, and the ring. Pope. Glare Glare, v. t. To shoot out, or emit, as a dazzling light. Every eye Glared lightning, and shot forth pernicious fire. Milton. Glare Glare, n. 1. A bright, dazzling light; splendor that dazzles the eyes; a confusing and bewildering light. The frame of burnished steel that cast a glare. Dryden. 2. A fierce, piercing look or stare. About them round, A lion now he stalks with fiery glare. Milton. 3. A viscous, transparent substance. See Glair. 4. A smooth, bright, glassy surface; as, a glare of ice. [U. S. ] Glare Glare, a. [See Glary, and Glare, n.] Smooth and bright or translucent; -- used almost exclusively of ice; as, skating on glare ice. [U. S.]<-- used generally of reflections of the sun --> _________________________________________________________________ Page 629 Glareous Glar"e*ous (?), a. [Cf. F. glaireux. See Glair.] Glairy. John Georgy (1766). Glariness, Glaringness Glar"i*ness (?), Glar"ing*ness, n. A dazzling luster or brilliancy. Glaring Glar"ing, a. Clear; notorious; open and bold; barefaced; as, a glaring crime. -- Glar"ing*ly, adv. Glary Glar"y (?), a. Of a dazzling luster; glaring; bright; shining; smooth. Bright, crystal glass is glary. Boyle. Glass Glass (?), n. [OE. glas, gles, AS. gl\'91s; akin to D., G., Dan., & Sw. glas, Icel. glas, gler, Dan. glar; cf. AS. gl\'91r amber, L. glaesum. Cf. Glare, n., Glaze, v. t.] 1. A hard, brittle, translucent, and commonly transparent substance, white or colored, having a conchoidal fracture, and made by fusing together sand or silica with lime, potash, soda, or lead oxide. It is used for window panes and mirrors, for articles of table and culinary use, for lenses, and various articles of ornament. NOTE: &hand; Gl ass is va riously co lored by the metallic oxides; thus, manganese colors it violet; copper (cuprous), red, or (cupric) green; cobalt, blue; uranium, yellowish green or canary yellow; iron, green or brown; gold, purple or red; tin, opaque white; chromium, emerald green; antimony, yellow. 2. (Chem.) Any substance having a peculiar glassy appearance, and a conchoidal fracture, and usually produced by fusion. 3. Anything made of glass. Especially: (a) A looking-glass; a mirror. (b) A vessel filled with running sand for measuring time; an hourglass; and hence, the time in which such a vessel is exhausted of its sand. She would not live The running of one glass. Shak. (c) A drinking vessel; a tumbler; a goblet; hence, the contents of such a vessel; especially; spirituous liquors; as, he took a glass at dinner. (d) An optical glass; a lens; a spyglass; -- in the plural, spectacles; as, a pair of glasses; he wears glasses. (e) A weatherglass; a barometer. NOTE: &hand; Gl ass is much used adjectively or in combination; as, glass maker, or glassmaker; glass making or glassmaking; glass blower or glassblower, etc. Bohemian glass, Cut glass, etc. See under Bohemian, Cut, etc. -- Crown glass, a variety of glass, used for making the finest plate or window glass, and consisting essentially of silicate of soda or potash and lime, with no admixture of lead; the convex half of an achromatic lens is composed of crown glass; -- so called from a crownlike shape given it in the process of blowing. -- Crystal glass, OR Flint glass. See Flint glass, in the Vocabulary. -- Cylinder glass, sheet glass made by blowing the glass in the form of a cylinder which is then split longitudinally, opened out, and flattened. -- Glass of antimony, a vitreous oxide of antimony mixed with sulphide. -- Glass blower, one whose occupation is to blow and fashion glass. -- Glass blowing, the art of shaping glass, when reduced by heat to a viscid state, by inflating it through a tube. -- Glass cloth, a woven fabric formed of glass fibers. -- Glass coach, a coach superior to a hackney-coach, hired for the day, or any short period, as a private carriage; -- so called because originally private carriages alone had glass windows. [Eng.] Smart. Glass coaches are [allowed in English parks from which ordinary hacks are excluded], meaning by this term, which is never used in America, hired carriages that do not go on stands. J. F. Cooper. -- Glass cutter. (a) One who cuts sheets of glass into sizes for window panes, ets. (b) One who shapes the surface of glass by grinding and polishing. (c) A tool, usually with a diamond at the point, for cutting glass. -- Glass cutting. (a) The act or process of dividing glass, as sheets of glass into panes with a diamond. (b) The act or process of shaping the surface of glass by appylying it to revolving wheels, upon which sand, emery, and, afterwards, polishing powder, are applied; especially of glass which is shaped into facets, tooth ornaments, and the like. Glass having ornamental scrolls, etc., cut upon it, is said to be engraved. -- Glass metal, the fused material for making glass. -- Glass painting, the art or process of producing decorative effects in glass by painting it with enamel colors and combining the pieces together with slender sash bars of lead or other metal. In common parlance, glass painting and glass staining (see Glass staining, below) are used indifferently for all colored decorative work in windows, and the like. -- Glass paper, paper faced with pulvirezed glass, and used for abrasive purposes. -- Glass silk, fine threads of glass, wound, when in fusion, on rapidly rotating heated cylinders. -- Glass silvering, the process of transforming plate glass into mirrors by coating it with a reflecting surface, a deposit of silver, or a mercury amalgam. -- Glass soap, OR Glassmaker's soap, the black oxide of manganese or other substances used by glass makers to take away color from the materials for glass. -- Glass staining, the art or practice of coloring glass in its whole substance, or, in the case of certain colors, in a superficial film only; also, decorative work in glass. Cf. Glass painting. -- Glass tears. See Rupert's drop. -- Glass works, an establishment where glass is made. -- Heavy glass, a heavy optical glass, consisting essentially of a borosilicate of potash. -- Millefiore glass. See Millefiore. -- Plate glass, a fine kind of glass, cast in thick plates, and flattened by heavy rollers, -- used for mirrors and the best windows. -- Pressed glass, glass articles formed in molds by pressure when hot. -- Soluble glass (Chem.), a silicate of sodium or potassium, found in commerce as a white, glassy mass, a stony powder, or dissolved as a viscous, sirupy liquid; -- used for rendering fabrics incombustible, for hardening artificial stone, etc.; -- called also water glass. -- Spun glass, glass drawn into a thread while liquid. -- Toughened glass, Tempered glass, glass finely tempered or annealed, by a peculiar method of sudden cooling by plunging while hot into oil, melted wax, or paraffine, etc.; -- called also, from the name of the inventor of the process, Bastie glass. -- Water glass. (Chem.) See Soluble glass, above. -- Window glass, glass in panes suitable for windows. Glass Glass, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glassed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glassing.] 1. To reflect, as in a mirror; to mirror; -- used reflexively. Happy to glass themselves in such a mirror. Motley. Where the Almighty's form glasses itself in tempests. Byron. 2. To case in glass. [R.] Shak. 3. To cover or furnish with glass; to glaze. Boyle. 4. To smooth or polish anything, as leater, by rubbing it with a glass burnisher. Glass-crab Glass"-crab` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The larval state (Phyllosoma) of the genus Palinurus and allied genera. It is remarkable for its strange outlines, thinness, and transparency. See Phyllosoma. Glassen Glass"en (?), a. Glassy; glazed. [Obs.] And pursues the dice with glassen eyes. B. Jonson. Glasseye Glass"eye` (?), n. 1. (Zo\'94l.) A fish of the great lakes; the wall-eyed pike. 2. (Far.) A species of blindness in horses in which the eye is bright and the pupil dilated; a sort of amaurosis. Youatt. Glass-faced Glass"-faced` (?), a. Mirror-faced; reflecting the sentiments of another. [R.] "The glass-faced flatterer." Shak. Glassful Glass"ful (?), n.; pl. Glassfuls (. The contents of a glass; as much of anything as a glass will hold. Glassful Glass"ful, a. Glassy; shining like glass. [Obs.] "Minerva's glassful shield." Marston. Glass-gazing Glass"-gaz`ing (?), a. Given to viewing one's self in a glass or mirror; finical. [Poetic] Shak. Glasshouse Glass"house` (?), n. A house where glass is made; a commercial house that deals in glassware. Glassily Glass"i*ly (?), adv. So as to resemble glass. Glassiness Glass"i*ness, n. The quality of being glassy. Glassite Glass"ite (?), n. A member of a Scottish sect, founded in the 18th century by John Glass, a minister of the Established Church of Scotland, who taught that justifying faith is "no more than a simple assent to the divine testimone passively recived by the understanding." The English and American adherents of this faith are called Sandemanians, after Robert Sandeman, the son-in-law and disciple of Glass. Glass maker, OR Glassmaker Glass" mak`er (?), OR Glass"mak`er, n. One who makes, or manufactures, glass. -- Glass" mak`ing, OR Glass"mak`ing, n. Glass-rope Glass"-rope` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A remarkable vitreous sponge, of the genus Hyalonema, first brought from Japan. It has a long stem, consisting of a bundle of long and large, glassy, siliceous fibers, twisted together. Glass-snail Glass"-snail` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A small, transparent, land snail, of the genus Vitrina. Glass-snake Glass"-snake` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A long, footless lizard (Ophiosaurus ventralis), of the Southern United States; -- so called from its fragility, the tail easily breaking into small pieces. It grows to the length of three feet. The name is applied also to similar species found in the Old World. Glass-sponge Glass"-sponge` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A siliceous sponge, of the genus Hyalonema, and allied genera; -- so called from their glassy fibers or spicules; -- called also vitreous sponge. See Glass-rope, and Euplectella. Glassware Glass"ware (?), n. Ware, or articles collectively, made of glass. Glasswork Glass"work` (?), n. Manufacture of glass; articles or ornamentation made of glass. Glasswort Glass"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) A seashore plant of the Spinach family (Salicornia herbacea), with succulent jointed stems; also, a prickly plant of the same family (Salsola Kali), both formerly burned for the sake of the ashes, which yield soda for making glass and soap. Glassy Glass"y (?), a. 1. Made of glass; vitreous; as, a glassy substance. Bacon. 2. Resembling glass in its properties, as in smoothness, brittleness, or transparency; as, a glassy stream; a glassy surface; the glassy deep. 3. Dull; wanting life or fire; lackluster; -- said of the eyes. "In his glassy eye." Byron. Glassy feldspar (Min.), a variety of orthoclase; sanidine. Glasstonbury thorn Glass"ton*bur*y thorn` (?). (Bot.) A variety of the common hawthorn. Loudon. Glasynge Glas"ynge (?), n. Glazing or glass. [Obs.] Glauberite Glau"ber*ite (?), n. [From Glauber, a German chemist, died 1668: cf. F. glaub\'82rite, G. glauberit.] (Min.) A mineral, consisting of the sulphates of soda and lime. Glauber's salt OR Glauber's salts Glau"ber's salt` (?) OR Glau"ber's salts` (. [G. glaubersalz, from Glauber, a German chemist who discovered it. See Glauberite.] Sulphate of soda, a well-known cathartic. It is a white crystalline substance, with a cooling, slightly bitter taste, and is commonly called "salts." NOTE: &hand; It oc curs na turally an d abundantly in some mineral springs, and in many salt deposits, as the mineral mirabilite. It is manufactured in large quantities as an intermediate step in the "soda process," and also for use in glass making. Glaucescent Glau*ces"cent (?), a. [See Glaucous.] Having a somewhat glaucous appearance or nature; becoming glaucous. Glaucic Glau"cic (?), a. (Chem.) Of or pertaining to the Glaucium or horned poppy; -- formerly applied to an acid derived from it, now known to be fumaric acid. Glaucine Glau"cine (?), a. Glaucous or glaucescent. Glaucine Glau"cine (?), n. (Chem.) An alkaloid obtained from the plant Glaucium, as a bitter, white, crystalline substance. Glaucodot Glau"co*dot (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A metallic mineral having a grayish tin-white color, and containing cobalt and iron, with sulphur and arsenic. Glaucoma Glau*co"ma (?), n. [L., fr. Gr. (Med.) Dimness or abolition of sight, with a diminution of transparency, a bluish or greenish tinge of the refracting media of the eye, and a hard inelastic condition of the eyeball, with marked increase of tension within the eyeball. Glaucomatous Glau*co"ma*tous (?), a. Having the nature of glaucoma. Glaucometer Glau*com"e*ter (?), n. See Gleucometer. Glauconite Glau"co*nite (?), n. [Cf. F. glauconite, glauconie, fr. L. glaucus. See Glaucous.] (Min.) The green mineral characteristic of the greensand of the chalk and other formations. It is a hydrous silicate of iron and potash. See Greensand. Glaucophane Glau"co*phane (?), n. [Gr. (Min.) A mineral of a dark bluish color, related to amphibole. It is characteristic of certain crystalline rocks. Glaucosis Glau*co"sis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. (Med.) Same as Glaucoma. Glaucous Glau"cous (?), a. [L. glaucus, Gr. 1. Of a sea-green color; of a dull green passing into grayish blue. Lindley. 2. (Bot.) Covered with a fine bloom or fine white powder easily rubbed off, as that on a blue plum, or on a cabbage leaf. Gray. Glaucus Glau"cus (?), n. [L., sea green.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of nudibranchiate mollusks, found in the warmer latitudes, swimming in the open sea. These mollusks are beautifully colored with blue and silvery white. Glaum Glaum (?), v. i. [Etymol. uncertain.] To grope with the hands, as in the dark. [Scot.] To glaum at, to grasp or snatch at; to aspire to. Wha glaum'd at kingdoms three. Burns. Glave Glave (?), n. See Glaive. Glaver Glav"er (?), v. i. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. glafr flattery.] 1. To prate; to jabber; to babble. [Obs.] Here many, clepid filosophirs, glavern diversely. Wyclif. 2. To flatter; to wheedle. [Obs.] Some slavish, glavering, flattering parasite. South. Glaverer Glav"er*er (?), n. A flatterer. [Obs.] Mir. for Mag. Glaymore Glay"more` (?), n. A claymore. Johnson. Glase Glase (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glased (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glazing.] [OE. glasen, glazen, fr. glas. See Glass.] 1. To furnish (a window, a house, a sash, a ease, etc.) with glass. Two cabinets daintily paved, richly handed, and glazed with crystalline glass. Bacon. 2. To incrust, cover, or overlay with a thin surface, consisting of, or resembling, glass; as, to glaze earthenware; hence, to render smooth, glasslike, or glossy; as, to glaze paper, gunpowder, and the like. Sorrow's eye glazed with blinding tears. Shak. 3. (Paint.) To apply thinly a transparent or semitransparent color to (another color), to modify the effect. Glaze Glaze, v. i. To become glazed of glassy. Glaze Glaze, n. 1. The vitreous coating of pottery or porcelain; anything used as a coating or color in glazing. See Glaze, v. t., 3. Ure. 2. (Cookery) Broth reduced by boiling to a gelatinous paste, and spread thinly over braised dishes. 3. A glazing oven. See Glost oven. Glazen Glaz"en (?), a. [AS. gl\'91sen.] Resembling glass; glasslike; glazed. [Obs.] Wyclif. Glazer Glaz"er (?), n. 1. One who applies glazing, as in pottery manufacture, etc.; one who gives a glasslike or glossy surface to anything; a calenderer or smoother of cloth, paper, and the like. 2. A tool or machine used in glazing, polishing, smoothing, etc.; amoung cutlers and lapidaries, a wooden wheel covered with emery, or having a band of lead and tin alloy, for polishing cutlery, etc. Glazier Gla"zier (?), n. [From Glaze.] One whose business is to set glass. Glazier's diamond. See under Diamond. Glazing Glaz"ing (?), n. 1. The act or art of setting glass; the art of covering with a vitreous or glasslike substance, or of polishing or rendering glossy. 2. The glass set, or to be set, in a sash, frame. etc. 3. The glass, glasslike, or glossy substance with which any surface is incrusted or overlaid; as, the glazing of pottery or porcelain, or of paper. 4. (Paint.) Transparent, or semitransparent, colors passed thinly over other colors, to modify the effect. Glazy Glaz"y (?), a. Having a glazed appearance; -- said of the fractured surface of some kinds of pin iron. Glead Glead (?), n. A live coal. See Gleed. [Archaic] Gleam Gleam (?), v. i. [Cf. OE. glem birdlime, glue, phlegm, and E. englaimed.] (Falconry) To disgorge filth, as a hawk. Gleam Gleam, n. [OE. glem, gleam, AS. gl\'91m, prob. akin to E. glimmer, and perh. to Gr. Glitter.] 1. A shoot of light; a small stream of light; a beam; a ray; a glimpse. Transient unexpected gleams of joi. Addison. At last a gleam Of dawning light turned thitherward in haste His [Satan's] traveled steps. Milton. A glimmer, and then a gleam of light. Longfellow. 2. Brightness; splendor. In the clear azure gleam the flocks are seen. Pope. Gleam Gleam, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gleamed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gleaming.] 1. To shoot, or dart, as rays of light; as, at the dawn, light gleams in the east. 2. To shine; to cast light; to glitter. Syn. -- To Gleam, Glimmer, Glitter. To gleam denotes a faint but distinct emission of light. To glimmer describes an indistinct and unsteady giving of light. To glitter imports a brightness that is intense, but varying. The morning light gleams upon the earth; a distant taper glimmers through the mist; a dewdrop glitters in the sun. See Flash. Gleam Gleam, v. t. To shoot out (flashes of light, etc.). Dying eyes gleamed forth their ashy lights. Shak. Gleamy Gleam"y, a. Darting beams of light; casting light in rays; flashing; coruscating. In brazed arms, that cast a gleamy ray, Swift through the town the warrior bends his way. Pope. _________________________________________________________________ Page 630 Glean Glean (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gleaned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gleaning.] [OE. glenen, OF. glener, glaner, F. glaner, fr. LL. glenare; cf. W. glan clean, glanh to clean, purify, or AS. gelm, gilm, a hand 1. To gather after a reaper; to collect in scattered or fragmentary parcels, as the grain left by a reaper, or grapes left after the gathering. To glean the broken ears after the man That the main harvest reaps. Shak. 2. To gather from (a field or vineyard) what is left. 3. To collect with patient and minute labor; to pick out; to obtain. Content to glean what we can from . . . experiments. Locke. Glean Glean, v. i. 1. To gather stalks or ears of grain left by reapers. And she went, and came, and gleaned in the field after the reapers. Ruth ii. 3. 2. To pick up or gather anything by degrees. Piecemeal they this acre first, then that; Glean on, and gather up the whole estate. Pope. Glean Glean, n. A collection made by gleaning. The gleans of yellow thyme distend his thighs. Dryden. Glean Glean, n. Cleaning; afterbirth. [Obs.] Holland. Gleaner Glean"er (?), n. 1. One who gathers after reapers. 2. One who gathers slowly with labor. Locke. Gleaning Glean"ing, n. The act of gathering after reapers; that which is collected by gleaning. Glenings of natural knowledge. Cook. Glebe Glebe (?), n. [F. gl\'8abe, L. gleba, glaeba, clod, land, soil.] 1. A lump; a clod. 2. Turf; soil; ground; sod. Fertile of corn the glebe, of oil, and wine. Milton. 3. (Eccl. Law) The land belonging, or yielding revenue, to a parish church or ecclesiastical benefice. Glebeless Glebe"less, a. Having no glebe. Glebosity Gle*bos"i*ty (?), n. The quality of being glebous. [R.] Glebous, Gleby Gleb"ous (?), Gleb"y (?), a. [Cf. L. glaebosus cloddy.] Pertaining to the glebe; turfy; cloddy; fertile; fruitful. "Gleby land." Prior. Glede Glede (?), n. [AS. glida, akin to Icel. gle,, Sw. glada. Cf. Glide, v. i.] (Zo\'94l.) The common European kite (Milvus ictinus). This name is also sometimes applied to the buzzard. [Written also glead, gled, gleed, glade, and glide.] Glede Glede, n. [See Gleed.] A live coal. [Archaic] The cruel ire, red as any glede. Chaucer. Glee Glee (?), n. [OE. gle, gleo, AS. gle\'a2w, gle\'a2, akin to Icel. gl: cf. Gr. 1. Music; minstrelsy; entertainment. [Obs.] Chaucer. 2. Joy; merriment; mirth; gayety; paricularly, the mirth enjoyed at a feast. Spenser. 3. (Mus.) An unaccompanied part song for three or more solo voices. It is not necessarily gleesome. Gleed Gleed (?), n. [AS. gl, fr. gl to glow as a fire; akin to D. gloed, G. glut, Icel. gl. See Glow, v. i.] A live or glowing coal; a glede. [Archaic] Chaucer. Longfellow. Gleeful Glee"ful (?), a. Merry; gay; joyous. Shak. Gleek Gleek (?), n. [Prob. fr. Icel. leika to play, play a trick on, with the prefix ge-; akin to AS. gel\'becan, Sw. leka to play, Dan. lege.] 1. A jest or scoff; a trick or deception. [Obs.] Where's the Bastard's braves, and Charles his gleeks ? Shak. 2. [Cf. Glicke] An enticing look or glance. [Obs.] A pretty gleek coming from Pallas' eye. Beau. & Fl. Gleek Gleek, v. i. To make sport; to gibe; to sneer; to spend time idly. [Obs.] Shak. Gleek Gleek, n. [OF. glic, G. gl\'81ck, fortune. See Luck.] 1. A game at cards, once popular, played by three persons. [Obs.] Pepys. Evelyn. 2. Three of the same cards held in the same hand; -- hence, three of anything. [Obs.] Gleeman Glee"man (?), n.; pl. Gleemen (#). [Glee + man; AS. gle\'a2man.] A name anciently given to an itinerant minstrel or musician. Gleen Gleen (?), v. i. [Cf. Glance, Glint.] To glisten; to gleam. [Obs.] Prior. Gleesome Glee"some (?), a. Merry; joyous; gleeful. Gleet Gleet (?), n. [OE. glette, glet, glat, mucus, pus, filth, OF. glete.] (Med.) A transparent mucous discharge from the membrane of the urethra, commonly an effect of gonorrhea. Hoblyn. Gleet Gleet, v. i. 1. To flow in a thin, limpid humor; to ooze, as gleet. Wiseman. 2. To flow slowly, as water. Cheyne. Gleety Gleet"y (?), a. Ichorous; thin; limpid. Wiseman. Gleg Gleg (?), a. [Icel. gl\'94ggr.] Quick of perception; alert; sharp. [Scot.] Jamieson. Gleire, Gleyre Gleire (?), Gleyre, n. See Glair. [Obs.] Chaucer. Glen Glen (?), n. [Of Celtic origin; cf. W. glyn a deep valley, Ir. & Gael. gleann valley, glen.] A secluded and narrow valley; a dale; a depression between hills. And wooes the widow's daughter of the glen. Spenser. Glenlivat, Glenlivet Glen*liv"at (?), Glen*liv"et (?), n. A kind of Scotch whisky, named from the district in which it was first made. W. E. Aytoun. Glenoid Gle"noid (?), a. [Gr. gl\'82no\'8bde.] (Anat.) Having the form of a smooth and shallow depression; sockas, the glenoid cavity, or fossa, of the scapula, in which the head of the humerus articulates. Glenoidal Gle*noid"al (?), a. (Anat.) Glenoid. Glent Glent (?), n. & v. See Glint. Gleucometer Gleu*com"e*ter (?), n. [Gr. -meter: cf. F. gleucom\'8atre.] An instrument for measuring the specific gravity and ascertaining the quantity of sugar contained in must. Glew Glew (?), n. See Glue. [Obs.] Gley Gley (?), v. i. [OE. gli, glien, gleien, to shine, to squint; cf. Icel. glj\'be to glitter.] To squint; to look obliquely; to overlook things. [Scot.] Jamieson. Gley Gley (?), adv. Asquint; askance; obliquely. Gliadin Gli"a*din (?), n. [Gr. gliadine.] (Chem.) Vegetable glue or gelatin; glutin. It is one of the constituents of wheat gluten, and is a tough, amorphous substance, which resembles animal glue or gelatin. Glib Glib (?), a. [Compar. Glibber (?); superl. Glibbest (?).] [Prob. fr. D. glibberen, glippen, to slide, glibberig, glipperig, glib, slippery.] 1. Smooth; slippery; as, ice is glib. [Obs.] 2. Speaking or spoken smoothly and with flippant rapidity; fluent; voluble; as, a glib tongue; a glib speech. I want that glib and oily art, To speak and purpose not. Shak. Syn. -- Slippery; smooth; fluent; voluble; flippant. Glib Glib, v. t. To make glib. [Obs.] Bp. Hall. Glib Glib, n. [Ir. & Gael. glib a lock of hair.] A thick lock of hair, hanging over the eyes. [Obs.] The Irish have, from the Scythians, mantles and long glibs, which is a thick curied bush of hair hanging down over their eyes, and monstrously disguising them. Spenser. Their wild costume of the glib and mantle. Southey. Glib Glib, v. t. [Cf. O. & Prov. E. lib to castrate, geld, Prov. Dan. live, LG. & OD. lubben.] To castrate; to geld; to emasculate. [Obs.] Shak. Gilbbery Gilb"ber*y (?), a. 1. Slippery; changeable. [Obs.] My love is glibbery; there is no hold on't. Marston. 2. Moving easily; nimble; voluble. [Obs.] Thy lubrical and glibbery muse. B. Jonson. Glibly Glib"ly, adv. In a glib manner; as, to speak glibly. Glibness Glib"ness, n. The quality of being glib. Glicke Glicke (?), n. [Cf. Gleek, n., 2, and Ir. & Gael. glic wise, cunning, crafty.] An ogling look. [Obs.] Glidden Glid"den (?), obs. p. p. of Glide. Chaucer. Glidder, Gliddery Glid"der (?), Glid"der*y (?), a. [Cf. Glide.] Giving no sure footing; smooth; slippery. [Prov. Eng.] Shingle, slates, and gliddery stones. R. D. Blackmore. Glide Glide (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) The glede or kite. Glide Glide, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glided; p. pr. & vb. n. Gliding.] [AS. gl\'c6dan; akin to D. glijden, OHG. gl\'c6tan, G. gleiten, Sw. glida, Dan. glide, and prob. to E. glad.] 1. To move gently and smoothly; to pass along without noise, violence, or apparent effort; to pass rapidly and easily, or with a smooth, silent motion, as a river in its channel, a bird in the air, a skater over ice. The river glideth at his own sweet will. Wordsworth. 2. (Phon.) To pass with a glide, as the voice. Glide Glide, n. 1. The act or manner of moving smoothly, swiftly, and without labor or obstruction. They prey at last ensnared, he dreadful darts, With rapid glide, along the leaning line. Thomson. Seeing Orlando, it unlink'd itself, And with indented glides did slip away. Shak. 2. (Phon.) A transitional sound in speech which is produced by the changing of the mouth organs from one definite position to another, and with gradual change in the most frequent cases; as in passing from the begining to the end of a regular diphthong, or from vowel to consonant or consonant to vowel in a syllable, or from one component to the other of a double or diphthongal consonant (see Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 19, 161, 162). Also (by Bell and others), the vanish (or brief final element) or the brief initial element, in a class of diphthongal vowels, or the brief final or initial part of some consonants (see Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 18, 97, 191). NOTE: &hand; Th e on-glide of a vowel or consonant is the glidemade in passing to it, the off-glide, one made in passing from it. Glides of the other sort are distinguished as initial or final, or fore-glides and after-glides. For voice-glide, see Guide to Pronunciation, §§ 17, 95. Gliden Glid"en (?), obs. p. p. of Glide. Chaucer. Glider Glid"er (?), n. One who, or that which, glides. Glidingly Glid"ing*ly, adv. In a gliding manner. Gliff Gliff (?), n. [Cf. OE. gliffen, gliften, to look with fear at.] 1. A transient glance; an unexpected view of something that startles one; a sudden fear. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Halliwell. 2. A moment: as, for a gliff. [Scot.] Sir W. Scott. Glike Glike (?), n. [See Gleek a jest.] A sneer; a flout. [Obs.] Glim Glim (?), n. 1. Brightness; splendor. [Obs.] 2. A light or candle. [Slang] Dickens. Douse the glim, put out the light. [Slang] Glimmer Glim"mer (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glimmered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glimmering.] [Akin to G. glimmer a faint, trembling light, mica, glimmern to glimmer, glimmen to shine faintly, glow, Sw. glimma, Dan. glimre, D. glimmen, glimpen. See Gleam a ray, and cf. Glimpse.] To give feeble or scattered rays of light; to shine faintly; to show a faint, unsteady light; as, the glimmering dawn; a glimmering lamp. The west yet glimmers with some streaks of day. Shak. Syn. -- To gleam; to glitter. See Gleam, Flash. Glimmer Glim"mer, n. 1. A faint, unsteady light; feeble, scattered rays of light; also, a gleam. Gloss of satin and glimmer of pearls. Tennyson. 2. Mica. See Mica. Woodsward. Glimmer gowk, an owl. [Prov. Eng.] Tennyson. Glimmering Glim"mer*ing, n. 1. Faint, unsteady light; a glimmer. South. 2. A faint view or idea; a glimpse; an inkling. Glimpse Glimpse (?), n. [For glimse, from the root of glimmer.] 1. A sudden flash; transient luster. LIght as the lightning glimpse they ran. Milton. 2. A short, hurried view; a transitory or fragmentary perception; a quick sight. Here hid by shrub wood, there by glimpses seen. S. Rogers. 3. A faint idea; an inkling. Glimpse Glimpse (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glimpsed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glimpsing.] to appear by glimpses; to catch glimpses. Drayton. Glimpse Glimpse, v. t. To catch a glimpse of; to see by glimpses; to have a short or hurried view of. Some glimpsing and no perfect sight. Chaucer. Glint Glint (?), n. [OE. glent.] A glimpse, glance, or gleam. [Scot.] "He saw a glint of light." Ramsay. Glint Glint, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Glinting.] [OE. glenten. Cf. Glance, v. i., Glitter, v. i.] To glance; to peep forth, as a flower from the bud; to glitter. Burns. Glint Glint, v. t. To glance; to turn; as, to glint the eye. Glioma Gli*o"ma (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. -oma.] (Med.) A tumor springing from the neuroglia or connective tissue of the brain, spinal cord, or other portions of the nervous system. Glires Gli"res (?), n. pl. [L., dormice.] (Zo\'94l.) An order of mammals; the Rodentia. -- Gli"rine (#), a. Glissade Glis`sade" (?), n. [F., fr. glisser to slip.] A sliding, as down a snow slope in the Alps. Tyndall. Glissando Glis*san"do (?), n. & a. [As if It. = Fr. glissant sliding.] (Mus.) A gliding effect; gliding. Glissette Glis*sette" (?), n. [F., fr. glisser to slip.] (Math.) The locus described by any point attached to a curve that slips continuously on another fixed curve, the movable curve having no rotation at any instant. Glist Glist (?), n. [From Glisten.] Glimmer; mica. Glisten Glis"ten (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glistened (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glistening (?).] [OE. glistnian, akin to glisnen, glisien, AS. glisian, glisnian, akin to E. glitter. See Glitter, v. i., and cf. Glister, v. i.] To sparkle or shine; especially, to shine with a mild, subdued, and fitful luster; to emit a soft, scintillating light; to gleam; as, the glistening stars. Syn. -- See Flash. Glister Glis"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glistered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glistering.] [OE. glistren; akin to G. glistern,glinstern, D. glinsteren, and E. glisten. See Glisten.] To be bright; to sparkle; to be brilliant; to shine; to glisten; to glitter. All that glisters is not gold. Shak. Glister Glis"ter, n. Glitter; luster. Glister Glis"ter, n. [Cf. OF. glistere.] Same as Clyster. Glisteringly Glis"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a glistering manner. Glitter Glit"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glittered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glittering.] [OE. gliteren; akin to Sw. glittra, Icel. glitra, glita, AS. glitenian, OS. gl\'c6tan, OHG. gl\'c6zzan, G. gleissen, Goth. glitmunjan, and also to E. glint, glisten, and prob. glance, gleam.] 1. To sparkle with light; to shine with a brilliant and broken light or showy luster; to gleam; as, a glittering sword. The field yet glitters with the pomp of war. Dryden. 2. To be showy, specious, or striking, and hence attractive; as, the glittering scenes of a court. Syn. -- To gleam; to glisten; to shine; to sparkle; to glare. See Gleam, Flash. Glitter Glit"ter, n. A bright, sparkling light; brilliant and showy luster; brilliancy; as, the glitter of arms; the glitter of royal equipage. Milton. Glitterand Glit"ter*and (?), a. Glittering. [Obs.] Spenser. Glitteringly Glit"ter*ing*ly, adv. In a glittering manner. Gloam Gloam (?), v. i. [See Gloom, Glum.] 1. To begin to grow dark; to grow dusky. 2. To be sullen or morose. [Obs.] Gloam Gloam, n. The twilight; gloaming. [R.] Keats. Gloaming Gloam"ing, n. [See Gloom.] 1. Twilight; dusk; the fall of the evening. [Scot. & North of Eng., and in poetry.] Hogg. 2. Sullenness; melancholy. [Obs.] J. Still. Gloar Gloar (?), v. i. [OD. gloeren, glueren, gluyeren. Cf. Glower.] To squint; to stare. [Obs.] Gloat Gloat (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gloated; p. pr. & vb. n. Gloating.] [Akin to Icel. glotta to smile scornfully, G. glotzen to gloat.] To look steadfastly; to gaz In vengeance gloating on another's pain. Byron. Globard Glo"bard (?), n. [OE. globerde, from glow.] A glowworm. [>Obs.] Holland. Globate, Globated Glo"bate (?), Glo"ba*ted (?), a. [L. globatus, p. p. of globare to make into a ball, fr. globus ball.] Having the form of a globe; spherical. Globe Globe (?), n. [L. globus, perh. akin to L. glomus a ball of yarn, and E. clump, golf: cf. F. globe.] 1. A round or spherical body, solid or hollow; a body whose surface is in every part equidistant from the center; a ball; a sphere. 2. Anything which is nearly spherical or globular in shape; as, the globe of the eye; the globe of a lamp. 3. The earth; the terraqueous ball; -- usually preceded by the definite article. Locke. 4. A round model of the world; a spherical representation of the earth or heavens; as, a terrestrial or celestial globe; -- called also artificial globe. 5. A body of troops, or of men or animals, drawn up in a circle; -- a military formation used by the Romans, answering to the modern infantry square. Him round A globe of fiery seraphim inclosed. Milton. Globe amaranth (Bot.), a plant of the genus Gomphrena (G. globosa), bearing round heads of variously colored flowers, which long retain color when gathered. -- Globe animalcule, a small, globular, locomotive organism (Volvox globator), once throught to be an animal, afterward supposed to be a colony of microscopic alg\'91. -- Globe of compression (Mil.), a kind of mine producing a wide crater; -- called also overcharged mine. -- Globe daisy (Bot.), a plant or flower of the genus Globularing, common in Europe. The flowers are minute and form globular heads. -- Globe sight, a form of front sight placed on target rifles. -- Globe slater (Zo\'94l.), an isopod crustacean of the genus Spheroma. -- Globe thistle (Bot.), a thistlelike plant with the flowers in large globular heads (Cynara Scolymus); also, certain species of the related genus Echinops. -- Globe valve. (a) A ball valve. (b) A valve inclosed in a globular chamber. Knight. _________________________________________________________________ Page 631 Syn. -- Globe, Sphere, Orb, Ball. -- Globe denotes a round, and usually a solid body; sphere is the term applied in astronomy to such a body, or to the concentric spheres or orbs of the old astronomers; orb is used, especially in poetry, for globe or sphere, and also for the pathway of a heavenly body; ball is applied to the heavenly bodies concieved of as impelled through space. Globe Globe (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Globed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Globing.] To gather or form into a globe. Globefish Globe"fish` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A plectognath fish of the genera Diodon, Tetrodon, and allied genera. The globefishes can suck in water or air and distend the body to a more or less globular form. Called also porcupine fish, and sea hedgehog. See Diodon. Globeflower Globe"flow`er (?), n. (Bot.) (a) A plant of the genus Trollius (T. Europ\'91us), found in the mountainous parts of Europe, and producing handsome globe-shaped flowers. (b) The American plant Trollius laxus. Japan globeflower. See Corchorus. Globe-shaped Globe"-shaped` (?), a. Shaped like a globe. Globiferous Glo*bif"er*ous (?), a. [Globe + -ferous.] (Zo\'94l.) Having a round or globular tip. Globigerina Glo*big`e*ri"na (?), n.; pl. Globigerin&ae; (#). [NL., fr. L. globus a round body + gerere to bear.] (Zo\'94l.) A genus of small Foraminifera, which live abundantly at or near the surface of the sea. Their dead shells, falling to the bottom, make up a large part of the soft mud, generally found in depths below 3,000 feet, and called globigerina ooze. See Illust. of Foraminifera. Globose Glo*bose" (?), a. [L. globosus.] Having a rounded form resembling that of a globe; globular, or nearly so; spherical. Milton. Globosely Glo*bose"ly, adv. In a globular manner; globularly. Globosity Glo*bos"i*ty (?), n. [L. globositas: cf. F. globosit\'82.] Sphericity. Ray. Globous Glo"bous (?), a. [See Globose.] Spherical. Milton. Globular Glob"u*lar (?), a. [Cf. F. globulaire.] Globe-shaped; having the form of a ball or sphere; spherical, or nearly so; as, globular atoms. Milton. Globular chart, a chart of the earth's surface constructed on the principles of the globular projection. -- Globular projection (Map Projection), a perspective projection of the surface of a hemisphere upon a plane parallel to the base of the hemisphere, the point of sight being taken in the axis produced beyond the surface of the opposite hemisphere a distance equal to the radius of the sphere into the sine of 45°. -- Globular sailing, sailing on the arc of a great circle, or so as to make the shortest distance between two places; circular sailing. Globularity Glob`u*lar"i*ty (?), n. The state of being globular; globosity; sphericity. Globularly Glob"u*lar*ly (?), adv. Spherically. Globularness Glob"u*lar*ness, n. Sphericity; globosity. Globule Glob"ule (?), n. [L. globulus, dim. of globus globe: cf. F. globule.] 1. A little globe; a small particle of matter, of a spherical form. Globules of snow. Sir I. Newton. These minute globules [a mole's eyes] are sunk . . . deeply in the skull. Paley. 2. (Biol.) A minute spherical or rounded structure; as blood, lymph, and pus corpuscles, minute fungi, spores, etc. 3. A little pill or pellet used by homeopathists. Globulet Glob"u*let (?), n. A little globule. Crabb. Globuliferous Glob`u*lif"er*ous (?), a. [Globule + -ferous.] Bearing globules; in geology, used of rocks, and denoting a variety of concretionary structure, where the concretions are isolated globules and evenly distributed through the texture of the rock. Globulimeter Glob`u*lim"e*ter (?), n. [Globule + -meter.] (Physiol.) An instrument for measuring the number of red blood corpuscles in the blood. NOTE: &hand; The method depends on the differences of tint obtained by mixing a sample of the blood with sodium carbonate solution. Globulin Glob"u*lin (?), n. [From Globule: cf. F. globuline.] (Phisiol. Chem.) An albuminous body, insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute solutions of salt. It is present in the red blood corpuscles united with h\'91matin to form h\'91moglobin. It is also found in the crystalline lens of the eye, and in blood serum, and is sometimes called crystallin. In the plural the word is applied to a group of proteid substances such as vitellin, myosin, fibrinogen, etc., all insoluble in water, but soluble in dilute salt solutions. Globulite Glob"u*lite (?), n. [See Globule.] (Min.) A rudimentary form of crystallite, spherical in shape. Globulous Glob"u*lous (?), a. [Cf. F. globuleux.] Globular; spherical; orbicular. -- Glob"u*lous*ness, n. Globy Glob"y (?), a. Resembling, or pertaining to, a globe; round; orbicular. "The globy sea." Milton. Glochidiate Glo*chid"i*ate (?), a. [Gr. (Bot.) Having barbs; as, glochidiate bristles. Gray. Glochidium Glo*chid"i*um (?), n.; pl. Glochidia (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The larva or young of the mussel, formerly thought to be a parasite upon the parent's gills. Glode Glode (?), obs. imp. of Glide. Chaucer. Glombe, Glome Glombe (?), Glome (?), v. i. To gloom; to look gloomy, morose, or sullen. [Obs.] Surrey. Glome Glome (?), n. Gloom. [Obs.] Glome Glome (?), n. [L. glomus a ball. Cf. Globe.] (Anat.) One of the two prominences at the posterior extremity of the frog of the horse's foot. Glomerate Glom"er*ate (?), a. [L. glomeratus, p. p. of glomerare to glomerate, from glomus. See 3d Glome.] Gathered together in a roundish mass or dense cluster; conglomerate. Glomerate Glom"er*ate (?), v. t. & i. [imp. & p. p. Glomerated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glomerating (?).] To gather or wind into a ball; to collect into a spherical form or mass, as threads. Glomeration Glom`er*a"tion (?), n. [L. glomeratio.] 1. The act of forming or gathering into a ball or round mass; the state of being gathered into a ball; conglomeration. 2. That which is formed into a ball; a ball. Bacon. Glomerous Glom"er*ous (?), a. [L. glomerosus, fr. glomus. See 3d Glome.] Gathered or formed into a ball or round mass. [Obs.] Blount. Glomerule Glom"er*ule (?), n. [Dim. fr. L. glomus ball.] 1. (Bot.) A head or dense cluster of flowers, formed by condensation of a cyme, as in the flowering dogwood. 2. (Anat.) A glomerulus. Glomerulus Glo*mer"u*lus (?), n.; pl. Glomeruli (#). [NL., dim. of L. glomus. See 3d Glome.] (Anat.) The bunch of looped capillary blood vessels in a Malpighian capsule of the kidney. Glomuliferous Glom`u*lif"er*ous (?), a. [L. glomus a ball + -ferous.] (Biol.) Having small clusters of minutely branched coral-like excrescences. M. C. Cooke. Glonoin Glonoine Glon"o*in Glon"o*ine (?), n. [Glycerin + oxygen + nitrogen + -in, -ine.] 1. Same as Nitroglycerin; -- called also oil of glonoin. [Obs.] 2. (Med.) A dilute solution of nitroglycerin used as a neurotic. Gloom Gloom (gl&oomac;m), n. [AS. gl&omac;m twilight, from the root of E. glow. See Glow, and cf. Glum, Gloam.] 1. Partial or total darkness; thick shade; obscurity; as, the gloom of a forest, or of midnight. 2. A shady, gloomy, or dark place or grove. Before a gloom of stubborn-shafted oaks. Tennyson . 3. Cloudiness or heaviness of mind; melancholy; aspect of sorrow; low spirits; dullness. A sullen gloom and furious disorder prevailed by fits. Burke. 4. In gunpowder manufacture, the drying oven. Syn. -- Darkness; dimness; obscurity; heaviness; dullness; depression; melancholy; dejection; sadness. See Darkness. Gloom Gloom, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gloomed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glooming.] 1. To shine or appear obscurely or imperfectly; to glimmer. 2. To become dark or dim; to be or appear dismal, gloomy, or sad; to come to the evening twilight. The black gibbet glooms beside the way. Goldsmith. [This weary day] . . . at last I see it gloom. Spenser. Gloom Gloom, v. t. 1. To render gloomy or dark; to obscure; to darken. A bow window . . . gloomed with limes. Walpole. A black yew gloomed the stagnant air. Tennyson. 2. To fill with gloom; to make sad, dismal, or sullen. Such a mood as that which lately gloomed Your fancy. Tennison. What sorrows gloomed that parting day. Goldsmith. Gloomily Gloom"i*ly (?), adv. In a gloomy manner. Gloominess Gloom"i*ness, n. State of being gloomy. Addison. Glooming Gloom"ing, n. [Cf. Gloaming.] Twilight (of morning or evening); the gloaming. When the faint glooming in the sky First lightened into day. Trench. The balmy glooming, crescent-lit. Tennyson. Gloomth Gloomth (?), n. Gloom. [R.] Walpole. Gloomy Gloom"y (?), a. [Compar. Gloomier (?); superl. Gloomiest.] 1. Imperfectly illuminated; dismal through obscurity or darkness; dusky; dim; clouded; as, the cavern was gloomy. "Though hid in gloomiest shade." Milton. 2. Affected with, or expressing, gloom; melancholy; dejected; as, a gloomy temper or countenance. Syn. -- Dark; dim; dusky; dismal; cloudy; moody; sullen; morose; melancholy; sad; downcast; depressed; dejected; disheartened. Gloppen Glop"pen (?), v. t. & i. [OE. glopnen to be frightened, frighten: cf. Icel. gl to look downcast.] To surprise or astonish; to be startled or astonished. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell. Glore Glore (?), v. i. [See Gloar.] To glare; to glower. [Obs.] Halliwell. Gloria Glo"ri*a (?), n. [L., glory.] (Eccl.) (a) A doxology (beginning Gloria Patri, Glory be to the Father), sung or said at the end of the Psalms in the service of the Roman Catholic and other churches. (b) A portion of the Mass (Gloria in Excelsis Deo, Glory be to God on high), and also of the communion service in some churches. In the Episcopal Church the version in English is used. (c) The musical setting of a gloria. Gloriation Glo`ri*a"tion (?), n. [L. gloriatio, from gloriari to glory, boast, fr. gloria glory. See Glory, n.] Boast; a triumphing. [Obs.] Bp. Richardson. Internal gloriation or triumph of the mind. Hobbes. Gloried Glo"ried (?), a. [See Glory.] Illustrious; honorable; noble. [Obs.] Milton. Glorification Glo`ri*fi*ca"tion (?), n. [L. glorificatio: cf. F. glorification. See Glorify.] 1. The act of glorifyng or of giving glory to. Jer. Taylor. 2. The state of being glorifed; as, the glorification of Christ after his resurrection. Glorify Glo"ri*fy (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glorified (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glorifying.] [F. glorifier, L. glorificare; gloria glory + -ficare (in comp.) to make. See -fy.] 1. To make glorious by bestowing glory upon; to confer honor and distinction upon; to elevate to power or happiness, or to celestial glory. Jesus was not yet glorified. John vii. 39. 2. To make glorious in thought or with the heart, by ascribing glory to; to asknowledge the excellence of; to render homage to; to magnify in worship; to adore. That we for thee may glorify the Lord. Shak. Gloriole Glo"ri*ole (?), n. [L. gloriola a small glory, dim. of gloria glory.] An aureole. [R.] Msr. Browning. Gloriosa Glo`ri*o"sa (?), n. [Nl., fr. L. gloriosus. See Glorious.] (Bot.) A genus of climbing plants with very showy lilylike blossoms, natives of India. Glorioser Glo`ri*o"ser (?), n. [From L. gloriosus boastful.] A boaster. [Obs.] Greene. Glorioso Glo`ri*o"so (?), n. [It.] A boaster. [Obs.] Fuller. Glorious Glo"ri*ous (?), a. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.] 1. Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. These are thy glorious works, Parent of good ! Milton. 2. Eager for glory or distinction; haughty; boastful; ostentatious; vainglorious. [Obs.] Most miserable Is the desire that's glorious. Shak. 3. Ecstatic; hilarious; elated with drink. [Colloq.] kings may be blest, but Tam was glorious, O'er all the ills of life victorious. Burns. During his office treason was no crime, The sons of Belial had a glorious time. Dryden. Syn. -- Eniment; noble; excellent; renowned; illustrious; celebrated; magnificent; grand; splendid. -- Glo"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Glo"ri*ous*ness, n. Udall. Sing ye to the Lord, for he hath triumphed gloriously. Ex. xv. 21. I speak it not gloriously, nor out of affectation. B. Jonson. Glory Glo"ry (?), n. [OE. glorie, OF. glorie, gloire, F. gloire, fr. L. gloria; prob. akin to Gr. glory, praise, to hear. See Loud.] 1. Praise, honor, admiration, or distinction, accorded by common consent to a person or thing; high reputation; honorable fame; renown. Glory to God in the highest. Luke ii. 14. Spread his glory through all countries wide. Spenser. 2. That quality in a person or thing which secures general praise or honor; that which brings or gives renown; an object of pride or boast; the occasion of praise; excellency; brilliancy; splendor. Think it no glory to swell in tyranny. Sir P. Sidney. Jewels lose their glory if neglected. Shak. Your sex's glory 't is to shine unknown. Young. 3. Pride; boastfulness; arrogance. In glory of thy fortunes. Chapman. 4. The presence of the Divine Being; the manifestations of the divine nature and favor to the blessed in heaven; celestial honor; heaven. Thou shalt guide me with thy counsel, and afterward receive me to glory. Ps. lxxiii. 24. 5. An emanation of light supposed to proceed from beings of peculiar sanctity. It is represented in art by rays of gold, or the like, proceeding from the head or body, or by a disk, or a mere line. NOTE: &hand; This is the general term; when confined to the head it is properly called nimbus; when encircling the whole body, aureola or aureole. Glory hole, an opening in the wall of a glass furnace, exposing the brilliant white light of the interior. Knight. -- Glory pea (Bot.), the name of two leguminous plants (Clianthus Dampieri and C. puniceus) of Australia and New Zeland. They have showy scarlet or crimson flowers. -- Glory tree (Bot.), a name given to several species of the verbenaceous genus Clerodendron, showy flowering shrubs of tropical regions. Glory Glo"ry, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Gloried (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glorying.] [OE. glorien, OF. glorier, fr. L. gloriari, fr. gloria glory. See Glory, n.] 1. To exult with joy; to rejoice. Glory ye in his holy name. Ps. cv. 2. To boast; to be proud. God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ. Gal. vi. 14 No one . . . should glory in his prosperity. Richardson. Glose Glose (?), n. & v. See Gloze. Chaucer. Gloser Glos"er (?), n. See Glosser. Gloss Gloss (?), n. [Cf. Icel. glossi a blaze, glys finery, MHG. glosen to glow, G. glosten to glimmer; perh. akin to E. glass.] 1. Bbrightness or luster of a body proceeding from a smooth surface; polish; as, the gloss of silk; cloth is calendered to give it a gloss. It is no part . . . to set on the face of this cause any fairer gloss than the naked truth doth afford. Hooker. 2. A specious appearance; superficial quality or show. To me more dear, congenial to my heart, One native charm than all the gloss of art. Goldsmith. Gloss Gloss, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glossed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glossing.] To give a superficial luster or gloss to; to make smooth and shining; as, to gloss cloth. The glossed and gleamy wave. J. R. Drake. Gloss Gloss, n. [OE. glose, F. glose, L. glossa a difficult word needing explanation, fr. Gr. Gloze, Glossary, Glottis.] 1. A foreign, archaic, technical, or other uncommon word requiring explanation. [Obs.] 2. An interpretation, consisting of one or more words, interlinear or marginal; an explanatory note or comment; a running commentary. All this, without a gloss or comment, He would unriddle in a moment. Hudibras. Explaining the text in short glosses. T. Baker. 3. A false or specious explanation. Dryden. _________________________________________________________________ Page 632 Gloss Gloss (?), v. t. 1. To render clear and evident by comments; to illustrate; to explain; to annotate. 2. To give a specious appearance to; to render specious and plausible; to palliate by specious explanation. You have the art to gloss the foulest cause. Philips. Gloss Gloss (?), v. i. 1. To make comments; to comment; to explain. Dryden. 2. To make sly remarks, or insinuations. Prior. Glossa Glos"sa (?), n.; pl. Gloss (#). [NL., fr. Gr. (Zo\'94l.) The tongue, or lingua, of an insect. See Hymenoptera. Glossal Glos"sal (?), a. Of or pertaining to the tongue; lingual. Glossanthrax Glos*san"thrax (?), n. [Gr. anthrax: cf. F. glossanthrax.] A disease of horses and cattle accompanied by carbuncles in the mouth and on the tongue. Glossarial Glos*sa"ri*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glosses or to a glossary; containing a glossary. Glossarially Glos*sa"ri*al*ly, adv. In the manner of a glossary. Glossarist Glos"sa*rist (?), n. A writer of glosses or of a glossary; a commentator; a scholiast. Tyrwhitt. Glossary Glos"sa*ry (?), n.; pl. Gossaries (#). [L. glossarium, fr. glossa: cf. F. glossaire. See 3d Gloss.] A collection of glosses or explanations of words and passages of a work or author; a partial dictionary of a work, an author, a dialect, art, or science, explaining archaic, technical, or other uncommon words. Glossata Glos*sa"ta (?), n. pl. [NL. See Glossa.] (Zo\'94l.) The Lepidoptera. Glossator Glos*sa"tor (?), n. [LL. See 3d Gloss.] A writer of glosses or comments; a commentator. [R.] "The . . . glossators of Aristotle." Milman. Glosser Gloss"er (?), n. [See lst Gloss.] A polisher; one who gives a luster. Glosser Gloss"er, n. [See 3d Gloss.] A writer of glosses; a scholiast; a commentator. L. Addison. Glossic Glos"sic (?), n. [L. glossa a word requiring a gloss. See 3d Gloss.] A system of phonetic spelling based upon the present values of English letters, but invariably using one symbol to represent one sound only. Ingglish Glosik konvaiA. J. Ellis. Glossily Gloss"i*ly (?), adv. In a glossy manner. Glossiness Gloss"i*ness, n. [From Glossy.] The condition or quality of being glossy; the luster or brightness of a smooth surface. Boyle. Glossist Gloss"ist, n. A writer of comments. [Obs.] Milton. Glossitis Glos*si"tis (?), n. [NL., from Gr. -itis.] (Med.) Inflammation of the tongue. Glossly Gloss"ly (?), adv. Like gloss; specious. Cowley. Glossocomon Glos*soc"o*mon (?), n.[NL., fr. Gr. A kind of hoisting winch. Glossoepiglottic Glos`so*ep`i*glot"tic (?), a. [Gr. epiglottic.] (Anat.) Pertaining to both tongue and epiglottis; as, glossoepiglottic folds. Glossographer Glos"sog"ra*pher (?), n. [Gr. Gloss.] A writer of a glossary; a commentator; a scholiast. Hayward. Glossographical Glos`so*graph"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glossography. Glossography Glos"sog"ra*phy (?), n. [See Glossographer.] The writing of glossaries, glosses, or comments for illustrating an author. Glossohyal Glos`so*hy"al (?), a. [Gr. (Anat.) Pertaining to both the hyoidean arch and the tongue; -- applied to the anterior segment of the hyoidean arch in many fishes. -- n. The glossohyal bone or cartilage; lingual bone; entoglossal bone. Glossolalia, Glossolaly Glos`so*la"li*a (?), Glos*sol"a*ly (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. glossolalie.] The gift of tongues. Farrar. Glossological Glos`so*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glossology. Glassologist Glas*sol"o*gist (?), n. One who defines and explains terms; one who is versed in glossology. Glossology Glos*sol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy: cf. F. glossologie. See 3d Gloss.] 1. The definition and explanation of terms; a glossary. 2. The science of language; comparative philology; linguistics; glottology. Glossopharyngeal Glos`so*phar`yn*ge"al (?), a. [Gr. pharyngeal.] (Anat.) Pertaining to both the tongue and the pharynx; -- applied especially to the ninth pair of cranial nerves, which are distributed to the pharynx and tongue. -- n. One of the glossopharyngeal nerves. Glossy Gloss"y (?), a. [Compar. Glossier (?); superl. Glossiest.] [See Gloss luster.] 1. Smooth and shining; reflecting luster from a smooth surface; highly polished; lustrous; as, glossy silk; a glossy surface. 2. Smooth; specious; plausible; as, glossy deceit. Glost oven Glost" ov`en (?). An oven in which glazed pottery is fired; -- also called glaze kiln, or glaze. Glottal Glot"tal (?), a. Of or pertaining to, or produced by, the glottis; glottic. Glottal catch, an effect produced upon the breath or voice by a sudden opening or closing of the glotts. Sweet. Glottic, Glottidean Glot"tic (?), Glot*tid"e*an (?), a. Of or pertaining to the glottis; glottal. Glottis Glot"tis (?), n. [NL., fr. Gr. Gloss an explanatory remark.] (Anat.) The opening from the pharynx into the larynx or into the trachea. See Larynx. Glottological Glot`to*log"ic*al (?), a. Of or pertaining to glottology. Glottologist Glot*tol"o*gist (?), n. A linguist; a philologist. Glottology Glot*tol"o*gy (?), n. [Gr. -logy.] The science of tongues or languages; comparative philology; glossology. Glout Glout (?), v. i. [Scot. Cf. Gloat.] To pout; to look sullen. [Obs.] Garth. Glout Glout (?), v. t. To view attentively; to gloat on; to stare at. [Obs.] Wright. Glove Glove (?), n. [OE. glove, glofe, AS. gl; akin to Icel. gl, cf. Goth. l palm of the hand, Icel. l.] 1. A cover for the hand, or for the hand and wrist, with a separate sheath for each finder. The latter characteristic distinguishes the glove from the mitten. 2. A boxing glove. Boxing glove. See under Boxing. -- Glove fight, a pugilistic contest in wich the fighters wear boxing gloves. -- Glove money OR silver. (a) A tip or gratuity to servants, professedly to buy gloves with. (b) (Eng. Law.) A reward given to officers of courts; also, a fee given by the sheriff of a country to the clerk of assize and judge's officers, when there are no offenders to be executed. -- Glove sponge (Zo\'94l.), a fine and soft variety of commercial sponges (Spongia officinalis). -- To be hand and glove with, to be intimately associated or on good terms with. "Hand and glove with traitors." J. H. Newman. -- To handle without gloves,<-- with the gloves off, to take the gloves off --> to treat without reserve or tenderness; to deal roughly with. [Colloq.] -- To take up the glove, to accept a challenge or adopt a quarrel. -- To throw down the glove, to challenge to combat. Glove Glove, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Gloved (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gloving.] To cover with, or as with, a glove. Glover Glov"er (?), n. One whose trade it is to make or sell gloves. Glover's suture OR stitch, a kind of stitch used in sewing up wounds, in which the thread is drawn alternately through each side from within outward. Glow Glow (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glowed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glowing.] [AS. gl; akin to D. gloeijen, OHG. gluoen, G. gl\'81hen, Icel. gl, Dan. gloende glowing. Gloom.] 1. To shine with an intense or white heat; to give forth vivid light and heat; to be incandenscent. Glows in the stars, and blossoms in the trees. Pope. 2. To exhibit a strong, bright color; to be brilliant, as if with heat; to be bright or red with heat or animation, with blushes, etc. Clad in a gown that glows with Tyrian rays. Dryden. And glow with shame of your proceedings. Shak. 3. To feel hot; to have a burning sensation, as of the skin, from friction, exercise, etc.; to burn. Did not his temples glow In the same sultry winds and acrching heats? Addison. The cord slides swiftly through his glowing hands. Gay. 4. To feel the heat of passion; to be animated, as by intense love, zeal, anger, etc.; to rage, as passior; as, the heart glows with love, zeal, or patriotism. With pride it mounts, and with revenge it glows. Dryden. Burns with one love, with one resentment glows. Pope. Glow Glow, v. t. To make hot; to flush. [Poetic] Fans, whose wind did seem To glow the delicate cheeks which they did cool. Shak. Glow Glow, n. 1. White or red heat; incandscence. 2. Brightness or warmth of color; redness; a rosy flush; as, the glow of health in the cheeks. 3. Intense excitement or earnestness; vehemence or heat of passion; ardor. The red glow of scorn. Shak. 4. Heat of body; a sensation of warmth, as that produced by exercise, etc. Glowbard Glow"bard (?), n. [See Globard.] The glowworm. [Obs.] Glower Glow"er (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glowered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glowering.] [Cf. Gloar.] to look intently; to stare angrily or with a scowl. Thackeray. Glowingly Glow"ing*ly (?), adv. In a glowing manner; with ardent heat or passion. Glowlamp Glow"lamp` (?), n. 1. (Chem.) An aphlogistic lamp. See Aphlogistic. 2. (Elect.) An incandescent lamp. See Incandescent, a. Glowworm Glow"worm` (?), n. (Zo\'94l.) A coleopterous insect of the genus Lampyris; esp., the wingless females and larv\'91 of the two European species (L. noctiluca, and L. splendidula), which emit light from some of the abdominal segments. Like a glowworm in the night, The which hath fire in darkness, none in light. Shak. NOTE: &hand; The male is winged, and is supposed to be attracted by the light of the female. In America, the luminous larv\'91 of several species of fireflies and fire beetles are called glowworms. Both sexes of these are winged when mature. See Firefly. Gloxinia Glox*in"i*a (?), n. [NL.] (Bot.) American genus of herbaceous plants with very handsome bell-shaped blossoms; -- named after B. P. Gloxin, a German botanist. Gloze Gloze (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Glozed(?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glozing.] [OE. glosen, F. gloser. See gloss explanation.] 1. To flatter; to wheedle; to fawn; to talk smoothly. Chaucer. A false, glozing parasite. South. So glozed the tempter, and his proem tuned. Milton. 2. To give a specious or false meaning; to ministerpret. Shak. Gloze Gloze, v. t. To smooth over; to palliate. By glozing the evil that is in the world. I. Taylor. Gloze Gloze, n. 1. Flattery; adulation; smooth speech. Now to plain dealing; lay these glozes by. Shak. 2. Specious show; gloss. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney. Glozer Gloz"er (?), n. A flatterer. [Obs.] Gifford (1580). Glucic Glu"cic (?), a. [Gr. (Chem.) Pertaining to, or obtained from, sugar; as, glucic acid. Glucina Glu*ci"na (?), n. [Cf. F. glycine, glucine. So called because it forms sweet salts. See Glucinum.] (Chem.) A white or gray tasteless powder, the oxide of the element glucinum; -- formerly called glucine. Glucinic Glu*cin"ic (?), a. (Chem.) Pertaining to, derived from, or containing, glucinum; as, glucinic oxide. Glucinum Glu*ci"num (?), n. [Cf. F. glucinium, glycium, fr. Gr. Glycerin.] (Chem.) A rare metallic element, of a silver white color, and low specific gravity (2.1), resembling magnesium. It never occurs naturally in the free state, but is always combined, usually with silica or alumina, or both; as in the minerals phenacite, chrysoberyl, beryl or emerald, euclase, and danalite. It was named from its oxide glucina, which was known long before the element was isolated. Symbol Gl. Atomic weight 9.1. Called also beryllium. [Formerly written also glucinium.]<-- modern name Beryllium, symbol Be --> Glucogen Glu"co*gen (?), n. [R.] See Glycogen. Glucogenesis Glu`co*gen"e*sis (?), n. Glycogenesis. [R.] Gluconic Glu*con"ic (?), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, glucose. Gluconic acid (Chem.), an organic acid, obtained as a colorless, sirupy liquid, by the oxidation of glucose; -- called also maltonic acid, and dextronic acid. Glucose Glu"cose` (?), n. [Gr. Glycerin.] 1. A variety of sugar occurring in nature very abundantly, as in ripe grapes, and in honey, and produced in great quantities from starch, etc., by the action of heat and acids. It is only about half as sweet as cane sugar. Called also dextrose, grape sugar, diabetic sugar, and starch sugar. See Dextrose. 2. (Chem.) Any one of a large class of sugars, isometric with glucose proper, and including levulose, galactose, etc.<-- ?Now only one is called glucose -- when did this usage diappear? = hexose--> 3. The trade name of a sirup, obtained as an uncrystallizable reside in the manufacture of glucose proper, and containing, in addition to some dextrose or glucose, also maltose, dextrin, etc. It is used as a cheap adulterant of sirups, beers, etc. Glucoside Glu"co*side (?), n. [See Glucose.] (Chem.) One of a large series of amorphous or crystalline substances, occurring very widely distributed in plants, rarely in animals, and regarded as influental agents in the formation and disposition of the sugars. They are frequently of a bitter taste, but, by the action of ferments, or of dilute acids and alkalies, always break down into some characteristic substance (acid, aldehyde, alcohol, phenole, or alkaloid) and glucose (or some other sugar); hence the name. They are of the nature of complex and compound ethers, and ethereal salts of the sugar carbohydrates. Glucosuria Glu`co*su"ri*a (?), n. [NL., fr. E. glucose + Gr. (Med.) A condition in which glucose is discharged in the urine; diabetes mellitus. Glue Glue (?), n. [F. glu, L. glus, akin to gluten, from gluere to draw together. Cf. Gluten.] A hard brittle brownish gelatin, obtained by boiling to a jelly the skins, hoofs, etc., of animals. When gently heated with water, it becomes viscid and tenaceous, and is used as a cement for uniting substances. The name is also given to other adhesive or viscous substances. Bee glue. See under Bee. -- Fish glue, a strong kind of glue obtained from fish skins and bladders; isinglass. -- Glue plant (Bot.), a fucoid seaweed (Gloiopeltis tenax). -- Liquid glue, a fluid preparation of glue and acetic acid oralcohol. -- Marine glue, a solution of caoutchouc in naphtha, with shellac, used in shipbuilding. Glue Glue, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glued (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Gluing.] [F. gluer. See Glue, n.] To join with glue or a viscous substance; to cause to stick or hold fast, as if with glue; to fix or fasten. This cold, congealed blood That glues my lips, and will not let me speak. Shak. Gluepot Glue"pot` (?), n. A utensil for melting glue, consisting of an inner pot holding the glue, immersed in an outer one containing water which is heated to soften the glue. Gluer Glu"er (?), n. One who cements with glue. Gluey Glu"ey (?), a. Viscous; glutinous; of the nature of, or like, glue. Glueyness Glu"ey*ness, n. Viscidity. Gluish Glu"ish, a. Somewhat gluey. Sherwood. Glum Glum (?), n. [See Gloom.] Sullenness. [Obs.] Skelton. Glum Glum, a. Moody; silent; sullen. I frighten people by my glun face. Thackeray. Glum Glum, v. i. To look sullen; to be of a sour countenance; to be glum. [Obs.] Hawes. Glumaceous Glu*ma"ceous (?), a. [Cf. F. glumanc\'82. See Glume.] Having glumes; consisting of glumes. Glumal Glu"mal (?), a. (Bot.) Characterized by a glume, or having the nature of a glume. Glume Glume (?), n. [L. gluma hull, husk, fr. glubere to bark or peel: cf. F. glume or gloume.] (Bot.) The bracteal covering of the flowers or seeds of grain and grasses; esp., an outer husk or bract of a spikelt. Gray. Glumella, Glumelle Glu*mel"la (?), Glu"melle (?), n. [F. glumelle, dim. of glume.] (Bot.) One of the pelets or inner chaffy scales of the flowers or spikelets of grasses. Glumly Glum"ly (?), adv. In a glum manner; sullenly; moodily. Glummy Glum"my (?), a. [See Gloom.] dark; gloomy; dismal. [Obs.] Glumness Glum"ness, n. Moodiness; sullenness. Glump Glump (?), v. i. [See Glum.] To manifest sullenness; to sulk. [Colloq.] _________________________________________________________________ Page 633 Glumpy Glump"y (?), a. Glum; sullen; sulky. [Colloq.] "He was glumpy enough." T. Hook. Glunch Glunch (?), a. [Cf. Glump.] Frowning; sulky; sullen. Sir W. Scott. -- n. A sullen, angry look; a look of disdain or dislike. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.] Glut Glut (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glutted; p. pr. & vb. n. Glutting.] [OE. glotten, fr. OF. glotir, gloutir, L. glutire, gluttire; cf. Gr. gar. Cf. Gluttion, Englut.] 1. To swallow, or to swallow greedlly; to gorge. Though every drop of water swear against it, And gape at widest to glut him. Shak. 2. To fill to satiety; to satisfy fully the desire or craving of; to satiate; to sate; to cloy. His faithful heart, a bloody sacrifice, Torn from his breast, to glut the tyrant's eyes. Dryden. The realms of nature and of art were ransacked to glut the wonder, lust, and ferocity of a degraded populace. C. Kingsley. To glut the market, to furnish an oversupply of any article of trade, so that there is no sale for it. Glut Glut, v. i. To eat gluttonously or to satiety. Like three horses that have broken fence, And glutted all night long breast-deep in corn. Tennyson. Glut Glut, n. 1. That which is swallowed. Milton 2. Plenty, to satiety or repletion; a full supply; hence, often, a supply beyond sufficiency or to loathing; over abundance; as, a glut of the market. <-- "of", not "on" the market! --> A glut of those talents which raise men to eminence. Macaulay. 3. Something that fills up an opening; a clog. 4. (a) A wooden wedge used in splitting blocks. [Prov. Eng.] (b) (Mining) A piece of wood used to fill up behind cribbing or tubbing. Raymond. (c) (Bricklaying) A bat, or small piece of brick, used to fill out a course. Knight. (d) (Arch.) An arched opening to the ashpit of a klin. (e) A block used for a fulcrum. 5. (Zo\'94l.) The broad-nosed eel (Anguilla latirostris), found in Europe, Asia, the West Indies, etc. Glutaconic Glu`ta*con"ic (?), a. [Glutaric + aconitic.] (Chem.) Pertaining to, or derived from, an acid intermediate between glutaric and aconitic acids. Glut\'91us Glu*t\'91"us (?), n. [NL. See Gluteal.] (Anat.) The great muscle of the buttock in man and most mammals, and the corresponding muscle in many lower animals. NOTE: &hand; In ma n, the glut\'91us is composed of three distinct parts, which extend and abduct the thigh, and help support the body in standing. Glutamic Glu*tam"ic (?), a. [Gluten + -amic.] (Chem.) Of or pertaining to gluten. Glutamic acid, a nitrogenous organic acid obtained from certain albuminoids, as gluten; -- called also amido-glutaric acid.<-- one of the natural L-alpha-amino acids found in many proteins C5H9NO4. --> Glutaric Glu*tar"ic (?), a. [Glutamic + tartaric.] (Chem.) Of, pertaining to, or designating, an acid so called; as, glutaric ethers. Glutaric acid, an organic acid obtained as a white crystalline substance, isomeric with pyrotartaric acid; -- called also normal pyrotartaric acid.<-- one of the natural L-alpha-amino acids found in many proteins --> Glutazine Glu"ta*zine (?), n. (Chem.) A nitrogenous substance, forming a heavy, sandy powder, white or nearly so. It is a derivative of pyridine. Gluteal Glu"te*al (?), a. [G. (Anat.) Pertaining to, or in the region of, the glut\'91us. Gluten Glu"ten (?), n. [L., glue: cf. F. gluten. See Glue.] (Chem.) The viscid, tenacious substance which gives adhesiveness to dough. NOTE: &hand; Gl uten is a complex and variable mixture of glutin or gliadin, vegetable fibrin, vegetable casein, oily material, etc., and ia a very nutritious element of food. It may be separated from the flour of grain by subjecting this to a current of water, the starch and other soluble matters being thus washed out. Gluten bread, bread containing a large proportion of gluten; -- used in cases of diabetes. -- Gluten casein (Chem.), a vegetable proteid found in the seeds of grasses, and extracted as a dark, amorphous, earthy mass. -- Gluten fibrin (Chem.), a vegetable proteid found in the cereal grains, and extracted as an amorphous, brownish yellow substance. Gluteus Glu*te"us (?), n. [NL.] (Anat.) Same as Glut&ae;us. Glutin Glu"tin (?), n. [See Gluten.] (Chem.) 1. Same as Gliadin. 2. Sometimes synonymous with Gelatin. [R.] Glutinate Glu"ti*nate (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Glutinated (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Glutinating.] [L. glutinatus, p. p. of glutinare to glue, fr. gluten glue.] To unite with glue; to cement; to stick together. Bailey. Glutination Glu`ti*na"tion (?), n. [L. glutinatio: cf. F. glutination.] The act of uniting with glue; sticking together. Glutinative Glu"ti*na*tive (?), a. [L. glutinativus: cf. F. glutinatif.] Having the quality of cementing; tenacious; viscous; glutinous. Glutinosity Glu`ti*nos"i*ty (?), n. [Cf. F. glutinosit\'82 .] The quality of being glutinous; viscousness. [R.] Glutinous Glu"ti*nous (?), a. [L. glutinosus, fr. gluten glue: cf. F. glutineux. See Gluten.] 1. Of the nature of glue; resembling glue; viscous; viscid; adhesive; gluey. 2. (Bot.) Havig a moist and adhesive or sticky surface, as a leaf or gland. Glutinousness Glu"ti*nous*ness (?), n. The quality of being glutinous.